Philochorus of Athens (/fɪˈlɒkərəs/; Ancient Greek: Φιλόχορος, romanized: Philochoros; c. 340 BC – c. 261 BC),[1] was a Greek historian and Atthidographer of the third century BC, and a member of a priestly family. He was a seer and interpreter of signs, and a man of considerable influence.[2]
Biography
editPhilochorus was strongly anti-Macedonian in politics, and a bitter opponent of Demetrius Poliorcetes. When Antigonus Gonatas, the son of the latter, besieged and captured Athens (261 BC), Philochorus was put to death for having supported Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt, who had encouraged the Athenians in their resistance to Macedonia.[2][3]
His investigations into the usages and customs of his native Attica were embodied in an Atthis, in seventeen books, a history of Athens from the earliest times to 262 BC. Considerable fragments are preserved in the lexicographers, scholiasts, Athenaeus, and elsewhere. The work was epitomized by the author himself, and later by Asinius Pollio of Tralles (perhaps a freedman of the famous Gaius Asinius Pollio).[2]
Philochorus also wrote on oracles, divination and sacrifices; the mythology and religious observances of the tetrapolis of Attica; the myths of Sophocles; the lives of Euripides and Pythagoras; the foundation of Salamis, Cyprus. He compiled chronological lists of the archons and Olympiads, and made a collection of Attic inscriptions, the first of its kind in Greece.[2]
Critique of his work
editPhilostratus was a conscientious and meticulous writer, who placed great importance on chronologies, and his style was clear and succinct. His works were highly valued throughout antiquity and are frequently referenced by later historians, lexicographers, and commentators, including Plutarch, Athenaeus, Strabo, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Clement of Alexandria, Diogenes Laertius, Harpocration, Stephanus of Byzantium, Zenobius, Hesychius, Eusebius, the Lexicon of Photius, the Great Etymological Dictionary, John Malalas, Tertullian, and the Latin mythographer Fulgentius, among others. [4]
Over two hundred fragments have survived, most of them from his work Atthis.[5]
Notes
edit- ^ Meister, Klaus (Berlin). " Philochorus." Brill's New Pauly. Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider. Brill Online , 2012. Reference. 21 September 2012 <http://www.paulyonline.brill.nl/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/philochorus-e920850>
- ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911, p. 413.
- ^ Ancient Greek civilization in the fourth century: Historical writings at the Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ Plutarch, 16.1, 19.2, 19.3
- ^ Müller, p. 384
References
edit- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Philochorus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 413.
- Plutarch. Parallel Lives. Theseus, 16.1, 19.2, 19.3.
- Müller, "Fragmenta historicorum Grecorum (Fragments of Greek historians),", Attalus.Org (in Greek). Volume I, p. 384
Further reading
edit- Greek text and commentary: Felix Jacoby, Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, n. 328
- English translation and commentary: Phillip Harding, The story of Athens: the fragments of the local chronicles of Attika (Routledge, London - New York 2008). ISBN 0-415-33809-3
- Italian translation and commentary: Virgilio Costa, Filocoro di Atene. vol. I: I frammenti dell'Atthis (Edizioni TORED, Tivoli [Roma] 2007). ISBN 978-88-88617-01-5