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Polish Aviation Museum

The Polish Aviation Museum (Polish: Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie) is a large museum of historic aircraft and aircraft engines in Kraków, Poland. It is located at the site of the no-longer functional Kraków-Rakowice-Czyżyny Airport. This airfield, established by Austria-Hungary in 1912, is one of the oldest in the world. The museum opened in 1964, after the airfield closed in 1963. It was listed among the world's best aviation museums by CNN.[1]

Polish Aviation Museum
Entrance to the museum and three TS-11 Iskra airplanes
Map
Established1964
LocationKraków, Poland
TypeAviation museum
Websitehttp://www.muzeumlotnictwa.pl
Albatros B.II
Tupolev Tu-134
Lim-6bis in Museum (behind it - the "MiG alley")
LWD Szpak-4T
PWS-26
RWD-13
WSK-Mielec M-15 (Belphegor)
TS-11 Iskra
WSK TS-9 Junak 3
BŻ-1 GIL (SP-GIL)
EM-10 Bielik

For the first half century of its existence the museum used four hangars of the former airfield to display its exhibits. These buildings were not originally designed for this purpose and suffered from various inadequacies, notably insufficient heating in winter. The situation improved when a new main building for the museum opened on 18 September 2010.[2]

Book imprint

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The Museum also functions as a publishing venue, in particular for dozens of books, photo albums, memoirs and brochures devoted to aviation history, including the subject of Polish design and manufacture of aircraft from before the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the post-1945 to the 1960s eras. Among its more popular books are the histories of 16 Polish squadrons in the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Battle of Britain and the fight for Poland's independence during the First World War.[3]

Collection

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The collection consists of over 200 aircraft as of 2005. Several of the aircraft displayed are unique on the world scale, including sailplanes and some 100 aircraft engines. Some of the exhibits are only in their initial stages. The museum houses a large aviation library and photographic archives.

The museum has 22 extremely rare airplanes that until 1941 were displayed at the Deutsche Luftfahrtsammlung museum (German aviation museum) in Berlin. These planes were evacuated during World War II to rescue them from Allied bombing (the museum itself was destroyed in air raids) to German-occupied Poland. The German Museum of Technology in Berlin regards these exhibits as their property.[4] The restitution demand is especially directed to those of great significance to German aviation history.[5] As of 2009 however, there was no sign that this would happen in the foreseeable future. Given the scale of destruction caused by German occupation in Poland between 1939-1945 and the recent German unwillingness to discuss reparation payments for Poland, it is likely this collection will remain in Polish hands.

The museum has very few Polish planes from the years 1918-1939, as these were almost all destroyed during the Nazi German occupation of Poland, including those displayed in Polish pre-war aviation museums. The only two examples of prewar Polish military aircraft in the collection: a PZL P.11 (the only surviving example in the world) and a PWS-26, survived only because they were displayed as war trophies by the Germans, and so were part of the above-mentioned collection acquired after the war. In addition, a few Polish pre-war civilian planes were returned by Romania after the war and eventually found their way to the museum.

In contrast, the museum has an essentially complete collection of all airplane types developed or used by Poland after 1945.

Fixed-wing motorized aircraft

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The Museum also possesses some other incomplete aircraft and some stored.

Gliders

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More gliders in temporary storage.

Motor gliders

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Helicopters

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Engines

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turbojet engine SO-1
 
turbojet engine Lyulka AL-7F

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Cynthia Drescher, Tamara Hinson and Tara Donaldson. "20 best aviation museums around the world". CNN. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
  2. ^ Announcements on museum webpage Archived June 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ M.L. (2015). "Samoloty, odrzutowce, zabytki, ekspozycja plenerowa, warsztaty, lotnictwo, Messerschmitt, renowacja". Wydawnictwa [Publications]. Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie. Retrieved 21 February 2015. Books are available at the Museum.
  4. ^ Tilmann, Christina (21 September 2010). "Deutschland-Polen: Streit um eine Luftfahrt-Sammlung" [Germany-Poland: Dispute over an Aviation Collection]. Tagesspiegel (in German). Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  5. ^ Bugajska, Anna (17 June 2004). "Niemcy chcą odzyskać kolekcję Göringa z Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie" [Germany Wants to Recover Göring's Collection from the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow]. Wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 1 November 2024.
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