Romanian wine

Romania is one of the world's largest wine producers and sixth-largest among European wine-producing countries, after Italy, France, Spain, Germany and Portugal. It produced more wine than New Zealand and Austria but is lesser-known on the world wine stage. In 2021 it produced around 4.5 million hectolitres of wine.^[1]^[2] In recent years, Romania has attracted many European business people and wine buyers, due to the affordable prices of both vineyards and wines compared to other wine-producing nations such as France, Germany, and Italy.^[3]

Romania's most cultivated grape varieties are for white wines Fetească Albă, Fetească Regală, Riesling, Aligoté, Sauvignon, Muscat, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, Tămâioasă Românească, Grasă de Cotnari, Galbenă de Odobești. Also, the main grape varieties for red wines are Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Băbească Neagră, Fetească Neagră, Pinot Noir.

History

The winery of Hagianoff mansion in Manasia, Ialomița County, established in 1899

Romania has one of the oldest wine-making traditions in the world and its viticulture dates back more than 6,000 years.^[4] Due to suitable climate, relief and soils, viticulture became a current activity of the local inhabitants mainly in the hilly areas. Numerous local wine grape varieties have been obtained during medieval time by empirical selection, becoming representatives for Romanian wine regions. Up to the phylloxera crisis, each Romanian wine region had its own wine grape assortment, that generated specific local wines. Since the medieval period, wine has been the traditional alcoholic beverage of the Romanians.^{[citation needed]}

In the 1880s phylloxera (a pale yellow sap-sucking insect that attacks the roots of vines) was introduced accidentally also in Romania (1872, Chitorani, Dealul Mare wine-growing region), and over a period of several years destroyed the local viticulture. Restoration of the Romanian viticulture lasted until the beginning of the 20th century, and was done mainly by planting French wine grape varieties such as Merlot, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon etc.^[5] Besides these, phylloxera-resistant grape hybrids were also planted. Several traditional Romanian wine grapes did survive the phylloxera crisis, and are still cultivated in Romania in the 21st Century.^[6]

Romania has about 187,000 hectares of vine plantations; that ranks it on sixth place between the European wine-producing countries.^[7] With a wine production of about 4.5 million hl/year, Romania is the thirteenth largest wine-producing country in the world.^[7]

Wine-producing regions

Main wine regions of Romania are:^[8]^[9]

The Transylvanian Plateau region (Podișul Transilvaniei)

The Moldavian Hills region (Dealurile Moldovei)^[10]

The Munteniei & Olteniei Hills region (Dealurile Munteniei și Olteniei)^[11]

The Banat Hills region (Dealurile Banatului)

The Crișana Hills region (Dealurile Crișanei) and the Maramureș region (Maramureșului)

The Dobruja Hills region (Colinele Dobrogei)

The Danube Terraces region (Terasele Dunării)

Additional favorable sandy regions in central-southern Romania (Regiunea nisipurilor și altor terenuri favorabile din sudul țării)

Sadova-Corabia
Calafat
Podgoria Dacilor (in Mehedinți County, Oltenia)^[12]

Wines

The wine grape assortments of Romanian wine-growing regions encompasses many varieties for white, red and aromatic wines. Each wine-growing region has its own traditional grape varieties: Zghihara de Husi and Busuioaca de Bohotin for the Huși wine-growing region; Fetească neagră for the Iași wine-growing region; Grasa de Cotnari and Frâncușa for the Cotnari wine-growing region; Crâmpoșie for the Drăgășani wine-growing region; Băbeasca Neagră for the Nicorești wine-growing region; Iordană și Ardeleancă for the Târnave wine-growing region; or Mustoasă de Măderat for the Miniș wine-growing region.^{[citation needed]}

Each wine-growing region additionally cultivates international wine grape varieties, mainly: Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Riesling italico, Pinot gris and Traminer for white wines; and Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir for red wines. All these local and international varieties form the basis of many wines, presented mainly under the name of the wine grape variety (e.g. Sauvignon, Feteasca albă, Tămâioasă românească) and less commonly under the name of producer (e.g. DAVINO, ALIRA, LACERTA) or under a marketing name (e.g. Serafim, Bon Viveur, Gramma, René Faure etc.).^{[citation needed]}

Traditional Whites

The most known Romanian wine grape varieties for white wines are Fetească albă, Crâmpoșie and Fetească regală. Feteasca albă and Fetească regală produce dry or semi-dry wines, with rich floral aromas. They have a moderate alcohol content (11.5 to 12%) and moderate acidity. Crâmpoșia is known for producing fresh and fruity wines, with moderate alcohol content and pronounced acidity.^{[citation needed]}

Traditional Reds

The most known Romanian wine grape variety for red wines is Fetească neagră, originating in the Uricani, Iași wine region. It produces ″dry, demi-dry or sweet wines, with an alcohol content of 12-14%, a deep red colour with ruby shades, and a black currant flavour, which becomes richer and smoother with ageing″.^[13]

Traditional Aromatics

Among the Romanian aromatic wine grape varieties, the most appreciated and cultivated are Tămâioasă Românească and Busuioacă de Bohotin.^{[citation needed]}

Wineries

Alira
Avincis
Casa de Vinuri Ștefănești
Casa Isărescu
Catleya Corcova
Corcova Roy Dâmboviceanu
Cotnari Casa de Vinuri
Crama Andronic
Crama Aramic
Crama Atelier
Crama Basilescu
Crama Bauer
Crama Budureasca
Crama Carastelec
Crama Ceptura (since 2005)
Crama Daiconi
Crama Darie
Crama Dealul Dorului
Crama Delta Dunării - La Sapata
Crama Dobra
Crama Familiei Hetei
Crama Fort Silvan
Crama Frâncu
Crama Vie Vin Lechința
Crama Gîrboiu
Crama Hermeziu
Crama Jelna
Crama La Salina
Crama Nachbil
Crama Oprișor
Cramele Recaș
Crama Rătești
Crama Rasova
Crama Tata și Fiul
Crama Terra Natura
Crama Thesaurus
Davino
Divine Area
Domeniile Averesti
Domeniul Ciumbrud
Domeniile Clos des Colombes
Domeniul Coroanei Segarcea
Domeniile Dealu Mare Urlați
Domeniile Franco - Române
Domeniile Sara
Domeniile Săhăteni - Aurelia Vișinescu
Domeniile Sămburești
Domeniile Tohani
Domeniul Bogdan
Domeniul Vlădoi
Elite Wine
Familia Petru
Casa Olteanu
Halewood România
Jidvei
LacertA Winery
Licorna Winehouse
Liliac
Negrini
Ostrovit
Petro Vaselo
Pivnițele Birăuaș
Podgoria Silvania
Rotenberg
Senator Wine
Serve
Știrbey
Veritas Panciu
Via Viticola - Sarica Niculițel
Villa Vinea
Viile Metamorfosis
Vinarte
Vincon Vrancea
Vinia
Wine Princess - Balla Geza

^{[citation needed]}

References

^ "OIV World Wine Production Outlook 2023" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-10-21.
^ "APEV - Asociatia Producatorilor si Exportatorilor de Vinuri".
^ "Romania puts sparkle into wine trade". BBC News. 2002-08-05. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
^ "History of Romanian Wine". JRBA. Retrieved 2011-07-20.
^ "Wines of Romania". Chiff. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
^ "Grape Varieties". crameromania.ro. Crame Romania. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b "State of the Vitiviniculture World Market" (PDF). April 2016.
^ Ordinul nr. 225/2006: http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/ha2dmnzq/ordinul-nr-225-2006-privind-aprobarea-zonarii-soiurilor-nobile-de-vita-de-vie-roditoare-admise-in-cultura-in-arealele-viticole-din-romania
^ "Romanian Wine Regions". www.indigenewines.com. S.C. COLD DUCK S.R.L. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
^ "Dealurile Moldovei". www.vinorandum.com. Vinorandum. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
^ "Dealurile Munteniei & Olteniei Wine Region". www.indigenewines.com. S.C. COLD DUCK S.R.L. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
^ "Fermier în România /GHIDUL principalelor regiuni viticole și podgorii din România - BASF Agricultural Solutions România".
^ Fetească neagră

External links

[1] "OIV World Wine Production Outlook 2023" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-10-21.

[2] "APEV - Asociatia Producatorilor si Exportatorilor de Vinuri".

[3] "Romania puts sparkle into wine trade". BBC News. 2002-08-05. Retrieved 2006-07-19.

[4] "History of Romanian Wine". JRBA. Retrieved 2011-07-20.

[5] "Wines of Romania". Chiff. Retrieved 2006-07-19.

[6] "Grape Varieties". crameromania.ro. Crame Romania. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

[StateOfTheMarket2016-7] "State of the Vitiviniculture World Market" (PDF). April 2016.

[8] Ordinul nr. 225/2006: http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/ha2dmnzq/ordinul-nr-225-2006-privind-aprobarea-zonarii-soiurilor-nobile-de-vita-de-vie-roditoare-admise-in-cultura-in-arealele-viticole-din-romania

[9] "Romanian Wine Regions". www.indigenewines.com. S.C. COLD DUCK S.R.L. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

[10] "Dealurile Moldovei". www.vinorandum.com. Vinorandum. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

[11] "Dealurile Munteniei & Olteniei Wine Region". www.indigenewines.com. S.C. COLD DUCK S.R.L. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

[12] "Fermier în România /GHIDUL principalelor regiuni viticole și podgorii din România - BASF Agricultural Solutions România".

[13] Fetească neagră

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