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Samajwadi Party

The Samajwadi Party (abbr. SP; lit. 'Socialist Party') is a socialist political party in India.[9] It was founded on 4 October 1992 by former Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.[18][19][20]

Samajwadi Party
AbbreviationSP
PresidentAkhilesh Yadav
ChairmanAkhilesh Yadav
General SecretaryRam Gopal Yadav
Azam Khan
Shivpal Singh Yadav
Saleem Iqbal Shervani
Indrajit Saroj
Lalji Verma
Awadhesh Prasad
Ram Achal Rajbhar
Balram Yadav
Vishambhar Prasad Nishad
Ram Ji Lal Suman
Harendra Singh Malik
Lok Sabha LeaderAkhilesh Yadav
Rajya Sabha LeaderRam Gopal Yadav
FounderMulayam Singh Yadav
Founded4 October 1992 (32 years ago) (1992-10-04)
Split fromJanata Dal
Headquarters18 Copernicus Lane, New Delhi
NewspaperSamajwadi Bulletin[1]
Student wingSamajwadi Chatra Sabha[2]
Youth wingSamajwadi Prahari[3] Samajwadi Yuvjan Sabha[4]
Lohiya Vahini
Women's wingSamajwadi Mahila Sabha[5]
IdeologySocialism (Indian)[6][7]
Left-wing populism[8][9][10]
Hindu–Muslim unity[11][12]
Political positionLeft-wing[13][14][15]
International affiliationProgressive Alliance[16]
Colours    Red and Green
ECI StatusState Party[17]
AllianceI.N.D.I.A. (2023–present)
Left Front (1996-2011)
Seats in Lok Sabha
37 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha
4 / 245
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies
107 / 403
(Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly)
2 / 288
(Maharashtra Legislative Assembly)
1 / 182
(Gujarat Legislative Assembly)
Seats in State Legislative Council's
10 / 100
(Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council)
Number of states and union territories in government
0 / 31
Election symbol
Website
www.samajwadiparty.in

While the party is largely based in Uttar Pradesh,[21] it has significant presence in many other Indian states as well. It has been the ruling party in the state of Uttar Pradesh for four terms – three times under Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav, the fourth and most recent being Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav's full majority government in the 2012–2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

The coalition of the party and its alliance partners: Samajwadi Alliance SP+ is currently the largest bloc in Uttar Pradesh in terms of Lok Saba MPs. The alliance has one of the largest vote bases in the state of Uttar Pradesh in terms of the collective voting pattern, with more than 37% vote share in the 2022 assembly elections and 44% in the 2024 general elections.[22][23][verification needed]

History

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In Mumbai, a supporter of the Samajwadi Party carries a bicycle, which is the symbol featured on the socialist party's flag.

The Samajwadi Party was one of several parties that emerged when Janata Dal fragmented into several regional parties.[24] The party was founded by Mulayam Singh Yadav in 1992.[25][26] Created just months before the Babri Masjid demolition, the party rose to power by pursuing secular politics. The support of its key voters, Other Backward Classes and Muslims helped the party become a major political force in Uttar Pradesh.[9][27]

In West Bengal, the West Bengal Socialist Party of Kiranmoy Nanda merged with the SP in 2010. The Samajwadi Party is now led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.

He was chosen as the President for the first time in an Emergency meeting in 2017. He was chosen for second time in 2017 at Agra Convention of Samajwadi Party. He was chosen for the third time at the party's national convention held in September 2022 at Lucknow,[18][19][20] after he was chosen as the President at the party's national convention held on 1 January 2017.

The party have contested Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections around the country, but by far the bulk of its victories have been in Uttar Pradesh. In the 2012 legislative assembly elections of Uttar Pradesh, SP registered a landslide victory with a clear majority in the house, thus enabling it to form a government in the state. This was expected to be the fifth term of Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister of state, but he selected his son, Akhilesh Yadav instead. This became official on 15 March. It was also the first time that SP was head of the UP government for a full term of five years.[28][29] However, the party suffered a landslide defeat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, slumping to only 47 seats as the Bharatiya Janata Party swept to victory.

National Convention of January 2017

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In a National Convention held on 1 January 2017, called by Ram Gopal Yadav, Akhilesh Yadav was appointed as president of the Party for 5 years.[30]

Position in state and national politics

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Alliance

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UPA

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The Samajwadi Party provided outside support to the United Progressive Alliance government up to the fourteenth general election. After the fourteenth general election, its support became unnecessary when the UPA became the largest alliance. It contested the 2009 general election in alliance with the Rashtriya Janata Dal and the Lok Janshakti Party of Bihar.[31]

In April 2014, the Save Indian Family Foundation encouraged voters to support the Samajwadi Party or vote None of the above because they had said they opposed the alleged misuse of gender bias laws.[32]

SP-BSP Alliance

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In 2019 general election, the Samajwadi Party was defeated by the BJP in Uttar Pradesh though allying with Bahujan Samaj Party.[33] It became the thirteenth largest party in parliament.[34] In the general elections of 2019, it won only five seats, while the BSP won 10.

INDIA

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Recently, Samajwadi Party joined the newly formed Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance(I.N.D.I.A) formed as an umbrella alliance of opposition parties in India.[35][36][37]

In the 2024 Indian general election, the Samajwadi Party achieved a historic breakthrough by winning 37 seats, making it the third-largest party in the 18th Lok Sabha. In Uttar Pradesh, the Samajwadi Party contested the elections in alliance with the Indian National Congress. Together, they secured 43 out of the 80 seats in the state, marking a significant gain for the INDIA Alliance.

Presence in state assemblies

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The SP has two MLAs in Maharashtra and one MLA in the 2022 Gujarat assembly election.

Samajwadi Prahari and Samajwadi Sanwad

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Under the guidance of Kailash Chaurasia, who was the Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh and under the direction of Dr.Arvind Srivastava, Shri Shivendra Nandan [38] made the formal announcement of the formation of Samajwadi Sentinel and in this sequence, Samajwadi Samvad to put forward the public's views. He reportedly cited the fight for equal rights for all races and issues related to inequality in youth-related matters as the main issues presented. The Samajwadi Party has front line campaigning groups.[39] Ongoing debate on party policy comes from many of their leaders. Among them are:

  1. Chhatra Sabha Sanwad
  2. Yuvjan Sabha Sanwad
  3. Samajwadi prahari Sanwad
  4. Mulayam Singh Youth Brigade Sanwad
  5. Lohiya Vahini Sanwad
  6. Shikshak Sabha Sanwad
  7. Vyapar Sabha Sanwad
  8. Adhivakta Sabha Sanwad
  9. Ambedkar Vahini Samwad

Electoral performances

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Lok Sabha Elections

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Lok Sabha Term Lok Sabha Seats contested Seats won % of votes State (seats) Ref
11th Lok Sabha 1996 111 3.3% Uttar Pradesh (16), Bihar (1) [40]
12th Lok Sabha 1998 166 4.9% Uttar Pradesh (19) [41]
13th Lok Sabha 1999 151 3.8% Uttar Pradesh (26) [42]
14th Lok Sabha 2004 237 4.3% Uttar Pradesh (35), Uttarakhand (1) [43]
15th Lok Sabha 2009 193 3.4% Uttar Pradesh (23) [44]
16th Lok Sabha 2014 197 3.4% Uttar Pradesh (5) [45]
17th Lok Sabha 2019 49 2.6% Uttar Pradesh (5) [46]
18th Lok Sabha 2024 62 4.58% Uttar Pradesh (37) [47]

Assembly Elections

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Vidhan Sabha Term UP Elections Seats contested Seats won % of votes Party Votes Ref
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
12th Vidhan Sabha 1993 256 17.94% 8,963,697 [48]
13th Vidhan Sabha 1996 281 21.80% 12,085,226 [49]
14th Vidhan Sabha 2002 390 25.37% 13,612,509 [50]
15th Vidhan Sabha 2007 393 25.43% 13,267,674 [51]
16th Vidhan Sabha 2012 401 29.15% 22,107,241 [52]
17th Vidhan Sabha 2017 311 21.82% 18,923,689 [53]
18th Vidhan Sabha 2022 347 32.06% 29,543,934 [54]
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
11th Vidhan Sabha 1998 228 1.58% 419,626 [55]
12th Vidhan Sabha 2003 161 3.71% 946,891 [56]
13th Vidhan Sabha 2008 187 1.90% 501,324 [57]
14th Vidhan Sabha 2013 161 1.2% 404,853 [58]
15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 52 1.3% 496,025 [59]
16th Vidhan Sabha 2023 71 0.46% 200,069
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
9th Vidhan Sabha 1995 22 0.93% 356,731 [60]
10th Vidhan Sabha 1999 15 0.7% 227,640 [61]
11th Vidhan Sabha 2004 95 1.13% 471,425 [62]
12th Vidhan Sabha 2009 31 1.11% 337,378 [63]
13th Vidhan Sabha 2014 22 0.17% 92,304 [64]
14th Vidhan Sabha 2019 7 0.22% 123,267 [65]
15th Vidhan Sabha 2024 9 0.38% 246,350[66]

List of chief ministers

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No. Name
Constituency 		Term of office[67][68] Tenure length Party[a] Assembly[69]
(Election) 		Ref
1 Mulayam Singh Yadav
Jaswantnagar 		4 December 1993 3 June 1995 1 year, 181 days Samajwadi Party Twelfth Assembly (1993–95)
(1993 election) 		[70]
(1) Mulayam Singh Yadav
Gunnaur 		29 August 2003 13 May 2007 3 years, 257 days Samajwadi Party Fourteenth Assembly (2002–07)
(2002 election) 		[70]
2 Akhilesh Yadav
MLC 		15 March 2012 19 March 2017 5 years, 4 days Samajwadi Party Sixteenth Assembly (2012–17)
(2012 election) 		[71]
  1. ^ This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he or she heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.

List of union ministers

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No. Photo Portfolio Name
(Lifespan) 		Assumed office Left office Duration Constituency
(House) 		Prime Minister
1   Minister of Defence Mulayam Singh Yadav
(1939–2022) 		1 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		1 year, 290 days Mainpuri
(Lok Sabha) 		Deve Gowda
21 April
1997 		18 March
1998 		I.K. Gujral
2   Minister of Communications
(MoS(I/C) until 10 July 1996) 		Beni Prasad Verma
(1941–2020) 		29 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		1 year, 263 days Kaiserganj
(Lok Sabha) 		Deve Gowda
21 April
1997 		19 March
1998 		I.K. Gujral
Minister of Communications
(MoS) 		1 June
1996 		29 June
1996 		28 days Deve Gowda
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
(MoS)
3   Minister of Health and Family Welfare
[MoS(I/C)] 		Saleem Iqbal Shervani
(born 1953) 		29 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		345 days Badaun
(Lok Sabha) 		Deve Gowda
21 April
1997 		9 June
1997 		I.K. Gujral
Minister of Health and Family Welfare
(MoS) 		1 June
1996 		29 June
1996 		28 days Deve Gowda
Minister of External Affairs
(MoS) 		9 June
1997 		19 March
1998 		283 days I.K. Gujral
4   Minister of Water Resource Janeshwar Mishra
(1933–2010) 		29 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		345 days Uttar Pradesh
(Rajya Sabha) 		Deve Gowda
21 April
1997 		9 June
1997 		I.K. Gujral
Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas 9 June
1997 		19 March
1998 		283 days

Prominent members

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State leadership

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  • Abu Asim Azmi: Maharashtra
  • Shyamlal Pal: Uttar Pradesh
  • Dr.Manoj Yadav: Madhya Pradesh
  • Satyanarayan Sachan: Uttarakhand
  • Manjappa Yadav: Karnataka
  • Devendra Upadhyaya: Gujarat
  • Manas Bhattacharya: West Bengal
  • Mukesh Yadav: Rajasthan
  • Sukhvinder Singh: Punjab
  • Dr Saji Pothen Thomas: Kerala
  • B Jagadeesh Yadav: Andhra Pradesh
  • Om Prakash Sahu:Chhattisgarh

See also

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References

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