State of calamity, in the context of disaster management in the Philippines, refers to a status that could be declared widespread within the country, or certain localities, in response to a destructive, natural, or man-made disaster. This measures allows the release of "calamity funds" allocated to local governments and control the pricing of basic commodities in the affected areas.[1]
Background
editUnder the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (Republic Act 10121), a "state of calamity" is defined as "a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property, disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard".[1]
Declaring a state of calamity
editThe National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) has the power to recommend to the President of the Philippines the declaration of a group of barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, regions or the entire country under a state of calamity, and the lifting thereof, based on the criteria set by the NDRRMC. The President's declaration may warrant international humanitarian assistance as deemed necessary. A state of national calamity is effective until the President lifts it.[1]
State of calamity could also be declared or lifted by a local government unit's sanggunian or legislature, upon the recommendation of the local disaster risk reduction and management council (LDRRMC) concerned, based damage assessment and needs analysis.[1]
If a state of calamity is declared by the Philippine national government, the following measures will be imposed:[1]
- Appropriation for calamity funds
- Price freeze for basic necessities
- Granting of no-interest loans.
State of national calamities
editThe following is a list of state of national calamities declared by the president of the Philippines.
| State of calamity in response to | Declared[a] | Declaring president | Basis | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Super Typhoon Durian (Reming) | December 3, 2006 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | Proclamation No. 1185 | |
| Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy) and Super Typhoon Parma (Pepeng) | October 2, 2009 | Proclamation No. 1898 | ||
| Tropical Storm Washi (Sendong) | December 20, 2011 | Benigno Aquino III | Proclamation No. 303 | |
| Super Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) | December 7, 2012 | Proclamation No. 522 | ||
| Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) | November 11, 2013 | Proclamation No. 682 | ||
| Typhoon Melor (Nona) | December 18, 2015 | Proclamation No. 1186 | ||
| COVID-19 pandemic | March 16, 2020 | Rodrigo Duterte | Proclamation No. 929 | The State of Calamity was initially declared for six months (from March 16, 2020) but was extended through September 12, 2021 with Proclamation No. 1021.[2] Proclamation No. 1218 subsequently extended the State of Calamity to September 12, 2022, "unless earlier lifted or extended as circumstances may warrant."[3] |
| African swine fever outbreak | May 11, 2021 | Proclamation No. 1143 | ||
| Super Typhoon Rai (Odette) | December 21, 2021 | Proclamation No. 1267 |
Notes
- ^ The date when the state of calamity was imposed. By default, state of national calamities remain in effect until the president lifts the status. State of calamities listed may or may not still be in effect.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e "Briefer: State of Calamity". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
- ^ "Proclamation No. 1021 s. 2020". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. GOVPH. 2020-09-16. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
- ^ "Proclamation No. 1218 s. 2021". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. GOVPH. 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Briefer: State of Calamity". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2020.