The Daily Star was an English-language newspaper in Lebanon which was distributed across the Middle East. It was founded by Kamel Mrowa in 1952,[1] ceased its print format in February 2020,[1] and completely closed on 31 October 2021.[2]
 Front page of The Daily Star newspaper (13 August 2014) | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Berliner |
| Publisher | Salma El Bissar |
| Editor-in-chief | Nadim Ladki |
| Associate editor | Hanna Anbar |
| Founded | 1952 |
| Political alignment | Future Party through Hariri family ownership |
| Language | English |
| Ceased publication | February 2020 (print) October 2021 (online) |
| Headquarters | Beirut, Lebanon |
| Circulation | Print (Ceased) and Digital |
| ISSN | 1027-3883 |
| Website | Official website |
History
editThe paper was founded in 1952[3][4] by Kamel Mrowa, the publisher of the Arabic daily Al-Hayat, to serve the growing number of expatriates brought by the oil industry.[5] The Daily Star was established as an English supplement of Al-Hayat.[6] First circulating in Lebanon and then expanding throughout the region, The Daily Star not only relayed news about foreign workers' home countries, but also served to keep them informed about the region. By the 1960s, it was the leading English language newspaper in the Middle East.
Upon the death of Mrowa in 1966, his widow Salma El Bissar took over the paper, running it until the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War forced the suspension of publication. With peace hopes running high in the beginning of 1983, the paper restarted publication under the guidance of Mrowa's sons, but the intensification of the war again put the paper under pressure. The flight of the intelligentsia from the country depleted the paper's staff and its readership. Still, it continued as a daily until mid 1985 and then as a weekly for another year, before ceasing publication once again. One of daily's early editors was Jihad Khazen.[7]
With the arrival of peace in 1991, and the development of a rebuilding program three years later, the paper again looked to publish. With Kamel's first son Jamil Mroue as leader, printing was recommenced in 1996 with modern presses, experienced foreign journalists, and Lebanese staff.[citation needed]
In 2004, The Daily Star merged its Lebanon and regional editions choosing to focus on Lebanese expatriates in the Persian Gulf region. The unified edition appeared in most countries except for Kuwait which had its own local edition published in partnership with Al-Watan, a Kuwaiti Arabic language daily.
For two weeks (14 January to 31 January 2009), the printing of the paper was suspended by a Lebanese court order after financial difficulties.[8] The website was not being updated either. The newspaper resumed publishing the second week of February 2009 with certain agreements with creditors about payment of accumulating debt.
On 4 February 2020, the newspaper announced a temporary suspension of its print publication owing to financial difficulties.[9][10]
On 13 October 2021, the newspaper said its online news coverage had been temporarily suspended due to "circumstances beyond our control." Several weeks later, on 31 October 2021, its editor-in-chief Nadim Ladki told employees that the newspaper was officially shutting down.[11]
Ownership
editAccording to the Media Ownership Monitor, an initiative by Reporters Without Borders and the Samir Kassir Foundation,[12] The Daily Star was owned by the political Hariri family through D.S. Holding and Millennium Development.[13]
Distribution and circulation
editThe Daily Star signed an exclusive marketing representation, printing and distribution agreement with the International Herald Tribune in 2000. Under the terms of the agreement, The Daily Star represented the IHT in the GCC, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Yemen and Iraq. The Daily Star also produced a local edition in Kuwait.
Under this agreement, The Daily Star was published and distributed alongside the International Herald Tribune's Middle-East edition. The Daily Star management however decided to break the agreement over a dispute regarding the newspaper's length, which the IHT management wanted to see reduced.
The paper reduced considerably in size after temporarily closing in January 2009. It was no longer distributed with the IHT.
Downfall
editIn light of changes in consumer behavior having adverse reactions towards politically owned and affiliated media outlets following the October 17 Revolution, The Daily Star began losing revenue and readership.[14] In February 2020, The Daily Star ceased its print editions, citing its inability to secure advertising.[15][10] The company was also unable to pay their staff, with many reporting working for at least 6 months with no pay - a similar story to that of other Hariri-owned outlets like Future TV.[16] As of December 2020, it no longer held the leading position for Lebanese news in English - losing its decades-long position to The961.[17][18]
Controversies
editThe Daily Star was one of the Lebanese newspapers which were close to SAVAK, Iranian intelligence agency, during the ownership of Kamel Mrowa who was an anti-Nasserist.[5] However, the relations with Iran ended when the newspaper's office was attacked due to its extensive publications against Gamal Nasser, President of Egypt, and Iran recognized Israel.[5]
The Daily Star, along with other Hariri-owned outlets like Future TV, had not been paying their staff salaries.[19] They let go of employees who organized a strike at the company due to nonpayment of salaries,[19] many of whom went on to join L'Orient Today, L'Orient le Jour's English section.
Articles by Jamal Khashoggi
editJamal Khashoggi was a contributor as a Saudi political analyst and deputy editor of Saudi Arabia’s English-language Arab News and published several commentaries for The Daily Star. His opinions since 2002 included endorsing moderation and combating extremism in Western nations,[20] referring to bin Laden as a moderate who was a victim converted to "extreme jihad," applying Geneva Convention articles in Gaza and the West Bank,[21] and expressing skepticism of US-Israeli-Saudi relations, especially after the 1991 Gulf War honeymoon period, in view of demolition of Palestinian homes supported by Colin Powell and the Israeli government, and the lucrative target for potential seizure presented by Saudi Arabia's one-fourth of world's proven oil reserves.[22]
One of the four 9/11 widows - known as the "Jersey Girls" - mentions the unusual timing of the disappearance of Khashoggi with respect to the release of documents by the Department of Justice, supporting the 9/11 Families' Litigation, that may implicate the Saudi government in the 9/11 attacks.[23]
References
edit- ^ a b "Daily Star: Lebanon's crisis forces oldest English newspaper to close". BBC News. 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- ^ "Lebanon's The Daily Star shuts down after years of financial problems". Al Arabiya English. 1 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- ^ Anis Moussalem. "The Great Stages of the Lebanese Press". Opus Libani. Archived from the original on 6 May 2001. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
- ^ Paul Doyle (1 March 2012). Lebanon. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-84162-370-2.
- ^ a b c Abbas William Samii (1997). "The Shah's Lebanon policy: the role of SAVAK". Middle Eastern Studies. 33 (1): 71. doi:10.1080/00263209708701142.
- ^ Borja W. González Fernández (2018). Ta'ifah or nation? The lebanese maronite community in the twentieth century, 1918-1975 (PhD thesis). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. p. 419. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021.
- ^ Jon B. Alterman (1998). "New Media New Politics?" (PDF). The Washington Institute. 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
- ^ "Lebanon newspaper banned over legal dispute". Gulf News. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "Daily Star ceases print publication after "drop to virtually no advertising revenue"". Beirut Today. 4 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ a b Jasmin Lilian Diab (4 February 2020). "The Daily Star Just Suspended Its Print Edition After 68 Years". The961. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ Lebanon’s The Daily Star shuts down after years of financial problems Al Arabiya. 1 November 2021.
- ^ "The Daily Star closes down after yearslong financial struggle". Skeyes Media | Center for Media and Cultural Freedom. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "Hariri Family". lebanon.mom-rsf.org. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ Laudy Issa (4 February 2020). "Daily Star ceases print publication after "drop to virtually no advertising revenue"". Beirut Today. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "The Daily Star temporarily suspends print edition". The Daily Star. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "Lebanese Billionaire's Newspaper Isn't Paying Its Employees for Months Now!". 5 December 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic - Alexa". Alexa. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "the961.com Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic - Alexa". Alexa. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ a b Rafaela Naji (5 December 2019). "Lebanese Billionaire's Newspaper Isn't Paying Its Employees for Months Now!". The961. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ Jamal Khashoggi. "Combating Extremism". Retrieved 7 January 2002.
- ^ Jamal Khashoggi. "Bring Back The Occupation". Retrieved 27 January 2003.
- ^ Jamal Khashoggi (15 January 2002). "Examining the state of the great Saudi-American meltdown". The Daily Star.
- ^ Kristen Breitweiser. "Jamal Khashoggi: Where The Road to Damascus & The Path to 9/11 Converge". Retrieved 16 October 2018.