The Villa Diodati is a mansion in the village of Cologny near Lake Geneva in Switzerland, notable because Lord Byron rented it and stayed there with Dr. John Polidori in the summer of 1816. Mary Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Mary’s stepsister Claire Clairmont, who had rented a house nearby, were frequent visitors. Because of poor weather, in June 1816 the group famously spent three days together inside the house creating stories to tell each other, two of which were developed into landmark works of the Gothic horror genre: Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and The Vampyre, the first modern vampire story, by Polidori.
Origin
editOriginally called the "Villa Belle Rive", Byron named it the Villa Diodati after the family that owned it. The family was distantly related to Italian translator Giovanni Diodati, uncle of Charles Diodati, the close friend of poet John Milton. Despite the presence of a plaque at the Villa heralding a supposed visit of Milton in 1638, in fact the villa was not built until 1710, long after Milton's death.[1]
Summer of 1816
edit
Lord Byron rented the villa from 10 June to 1 November 1816.[2] The scandal of his separation from his wife, rumours of an affair with his half-sister, and ever-increasing debt, had forced him to leave England, never to return, in April of that year.[3] Byron arrived at Lake Geneva in May where he met and befriended the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley who was travelling with his future wife Mary Godwin (now better known as Mary Shelley). Byron settled at the Villa Diodati with his personal physician, John William Polidori, and Shelley rented a smaller house called "Maison Chapuis" on the waterfront nearby. The group was also joined by Mary's stepsister, Claire Clairmont, with whom Byron had had an affair in London.[4][5]
The weather was unseasonably cold and stormy, and Mary Shelley later described the "incessant rain" of that "wet, ungenial summer".[6][note 1] When the rain kept them indoors at the Villa Diodati over three days in June, the five turned to reading fantastical stories, including Fantasmagoriana, and then devising their own tales. Mary Shelley wrote the first draft of what would become Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, she was just 18 years old at the time. Polidori was inspired by a fragmentary story of Byron's, Fragment of a Novel, to produce The Vampyre, the progenitor of the Romantic vampire genre.[8][9]
Byron's story fragment was published as a postscript to Mazeppa; he also wrote the third canto of Childe Harold.
Subsequent history
editAfter Byron's death, the Villa Diodati soon became a place of pilgrimage for devotees of Byron, and of Romanticism. The French writer Honoré de Balzac, who had become obsessed with the villa, had one of the characters in his 1836 novel Albert Savarus remark that the Villa Diodati is "now visited by everybody, just like Coppet and Ferney" (the homes of Madame de Staël and Voltaire respectively).[10]
The villa has remained in private ownership. In 1945, the French artist Balthus moved into the property for a short period.[11] The columnist Taki has written that when he visited the Villa Diodati in 1963 with the Belgian tennis player Philippe Washer it was then owned by the latter's family.[12] However, the New York Times has reported that, as of 2011, the villa had been split up into "luxury apartments".[5]
Gallery
edit
Notes
edit- ^ The storms and unseasonably cold weather resulted in 1816 being referred to as the Year Without a Summer. It is now known that the exceptional global weather conditions that year were caused by the volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia.[7]
References
edit
- ^ "Milton and the Villa Diodati", William S. Clark, Review of English Studies, 1935:os-XI: 51-57.
- ^ Jonathan David Gross (January 2001). Byron: The Erotic Liberal. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-7425-1162-0.
- ^ Jerome McGann, "Byron, George Gordon Noel, sixth Baron Byron", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Gittings, Robert and Jo Manton. Claire Clairmont and the Shelleys; p.33. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-19-818594-4. Seymour, Miranda. Mary Shelley; p.152. London: John Murray, 2000. ISBN 0-7195-5711-9. Sunstein, Emily W. Mary Shelley: Romance and Reality; p.117. 1989. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8018-4218-2.
- ^ a b "Lake Geneva as Shelley and Byron Knew It". New York Times. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ Mary Shelley, paragraph 6, introduction to the 1831 edition of Frankenstein
- ^ Sunstein, Emily W. Mary Shelley: Romance and Reality; p.118. 1989. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8018-4218-2.
- ^ Sunstein, Emily W. Mary Shelley: Romance and Reality; pp.118-124. 1989. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8018-4218-2.
- ^ Rigby, Mair. "'Prey to some cureless disquiet': Polidori's Queer Vampyre at the Margins of Romanticism". Paragraph 2. Romanticism on the Net, 36–37, November 2004. http://www.erudit.org/revue/RON/2004/v/n36-37/011135ar.html
- ^ Richard A. Cardwell (2004). The Reception of Byron in Europe. A&C Black. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-0-8264-6844-4.
- ^ Mieke Bal (2008). Balthus: Works and Interviews. Distributed Art Pub Incorporated. p. 156. ISBN 978-84-343-1165-7.
- ^ "Missed Opportunity". The Spectator. 8 November 2003. Retrieved 2 November 2014.