Wallace (New Zealand electorate)

Wallace was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was established in 1858, the first election held in 1859, and existed until 1996. From 1861 to 66, it was represented by two members. In total, there were 18 Members of Parliament from the Wallace electorate.

Population centres

The initial 24 New Zealand electorates were defined by Governor George Grey in March 1853, based on the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 that had been passed by the British government. The Constitution Act also allowed the House of Representatives to establish new electorates, and this was first done in 1858, when four new electorates were formed by splitting existing electorates.^[1] Wallace was one of those four electorates, and it was established by splitting the Dunedin Country electorate.^[2] Settlements in the initial area were Invercargill, Gore, Mataura, and Riverton.^[3]

This electorate was in the rural part of Southland.

History

The first election was held on 30 November 1859 during the term of the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, and was won by Dillon Bell.^[4] The electorate was named after Scottish military hero William Wallace.^[5]

For the term of the 3rd New Zealand Parliament (1861–66), it was a two-member electorate. From 1866 to its dissolution in 1996, it was a single-member electorate.^[6]

In 1938 additional areas added from Central Otago and the West Coast made Wallace the biggest (non-Māori) electorate in New Zealand.^[7]

In the 1996 election, the first MMP election, the electorate was combined with the adjacent Clutha electorate into the Clutha-Southland electorate.

Members of Parliament

Key

Independent Liberal Reform National

Single-member electorate

Election	Winner
1859 election		Dillon Bell

Multi-member electorate

Election	Winners
1861 election		Dillon Bell		Walter Mantell

Single-member electorate

Election	Winner
1866 election		Alexander McNeill
1st 1869 by-election		Cuthbert Cowan
2nd 1869 by-election		George Webster
1871 election		George Webster
1875 by-election		Christopher Basstian
1875 election		James Joyce
1879 election		Henry Hirst
1881 election		Theophilus Daniel
1884 election		Henry Hirst
1887 election		Samuel Hodgkinson
1890 election		James Mackintosh
1893 election		James Mackintosh
1896 election		Michael Gilfedder
1899 election		Michael Gilfedder
1902 election		John Thomson
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election		Adam Hamilton
1922 election		John Thomson
1925 election		Adam Hamilton
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election
1935 election
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election		Tom Macdonald
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election		Brian Talboys
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election		Derek Angus
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election		Bill English
1993 election		Bill English
(Electorate abolished in 1996; see Clutha-Southland)

Election results

1993 election

1993 general election: Wallace^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Bill English	9,832	55.93	−14.59
	Labour	Lesley Soper	4,254	24.20
	Alliance	P J Horton	2,359	13.42
	Christian Heritage	J P Stevens	628	3.57	−0.40
	Independent	M La Roche	217	1.23
	McGillicuddy Serious	Robyn West	201	1.14
	Natural Law	B Bull	87	0.49
Majority			5,578	31.73
Turnout			17,578	79.98
Registered electors			21,977

1990 election

1990 general election: Wallace^[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Bill English	12,243	70.52
	Labour	David Soper	3,357	19.33
	Christian Heritage	J P Stevens	690	3.97
	NewLabour	Marinus La Rooij	556	3.20
	Social Credit	J P Sawyers	366	2.10
	Democrats	P Miller	148	0.85
Majority			8,886	51.18
Turnout			17,360	82.56	−3.91
Registered electors			21,026

1987 election

1987 general election: Wallace^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Derek Angus	12,323	66.91	+13.85
	Labour	Barry Julian	4,729	25.67
	Democrats	M J Radich	1,038	5.63
	Independent	Charmaine Smith	327	1.77
Majority			7,594	41.23	+11.29
Turnout			18,417	86.47	−4.71
Registered electors			21,298

1984 election

1984 general election: Wallace^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Derek Angus	10,034	53.06	+0.91
	Labour	Calvin Fisher	4,371	23.11
	NZ Party	Kevin Phillips	3,270	17.29
	Social Credit	J T Hicks	1,234	6.52
Majority			5,663	29.94	−4.03
Turnout			18,909	91.18	+1.90
Registered electors			20,737

1981 election

1981 general election: Wallace^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Derek Angus	10,065	52.15
	Social Credit	Owen Horton	3,507	18.17	+1.35
	Labour	Ernest Dix	3,143	16.28
	Independent	Aubrey Begg	2,585	13.39
Majority			6,558	33.97
Turnout			19,300	89.28	+13.55
Registered electors			21,615

1978 election

1978 general election: Wallace^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Brian Talboys	9,253	49.47	−15.07
	Labour	Jim Thomson	3,929	21.00
	Social Credit	Owen Horton	3,147	16.82	+5.74
	Independent National	June Slee	2,199	11.75
	Values	C E Henderson	176	0.94
Majority			5,324	28.46	−14.71
Turnout			18,704	75.73	−9.45
Registered electors			24,698

1975 election

1975 general election: Wallace^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Brian Talboys	10,433	64.54	+12.34
	Labour	Ian Lamont	3,455	21.37	+10.99
	Social Credit	Owen Horton	1,792	11.08
	Values	John Veitch	484	2.99
Majority			6,978	43.17	+23.33
Turnout			16,164	85.18	−2.22
Registered electors			18,976

1972 election

1972 general election: Wallace^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Brian Talboys	7,640	52.20	−4.37
	Labour	Ian Lamont	4,736	32.36
	Social Credit	F J Williams	1,382	9.44	−5.65
	Liberal Reform	A G J McDonald	796	5.43
	New Democratic	I C Lumsden	80	0.54
Majority			2,904	19.84	−13.68
Turnout			14,634	87.40	+2.75
Registered electors			16,743

1969 election

1969 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Brian Talboys	7,646	56.57	+2.82
	Labour	J Robson	3,115	23.04
	Social Credit	F J Williams	2,040	15.09	−4.58
	Country Party	R J Egerton	714	5.28
Majority			4,531	33.52	+6.34
Turnout			13,515	84.65	+0.03
Registered electors			15,965

1966 election

1966 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Brian Talboys	7,841	53.75	−9.71
	Labour	Aubrey Begg	3,876	26.57
	Social Credit	F J Williams	2,870	19.67	+12.01
Majority			3,965	27.18	−13.23
Turnout			14,587	84.62	−1.74
Registered electors			17,238

1963 election

1963 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Brian Talboys	9,013	63.46	−5.04
	Labour	John Reid	3,272	23.04
	Social Credit	F J Williams	1,088	7.66
	Liberal	V D Stevens	828	5.83
Majority			5,740	40.41	−4.31
Turnout			14,201	86.36	−2.20
Registered electors			16,443

1960 election

1960 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Brian Talboys	8,786	68.50	+5.56
	Labour	E Harris	3,050	23.77
	Social Credit	J P Stack	990	7.71	+0.72
Majority			5,736	44.72	+11.84
Turnout			12,826	88.56	−1.90
Registered electors			14,482

1957 election

1957 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Brian Talboys	8,266	62.94
	Labour	John Reid	3,947	30.05
	Social Credit	J P Stack	919	6.99
Majority			4,319	32.88
Turnout			13,132	90.46	+2.15
Registered electors			14,516

1954 election

1954 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Tom Macdonald	7,405	62.22	−8.91
	Labour	J W Cleary	2,939	24.69	−4.17
	Social Credit	S A Shaw	1,557	13.08
Majority			4,466	37.52	−4.75
Turnout			11,901	88.31	+0.68
Registered electors			13,476

1951 election

1951 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Tom Macdonald	8,515	71.13	+2.72
	Labour	J W Cleary	3,455	28.86
Majority			5,060	42.27	+5.44
Turnout			11,970	87.63	−3.94
Registered electors			13,659

1949 election

1949 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Tom Macdonald	8,379	68.41	+3.95
	Labour	Herman Victor Freeman	3,868	31.58
Majority			4,511	36.83	+7.14
Turnout			12,247	91.57	−2.28
Registered electors			13,374

1946 election

1946 general election: Wallace^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Tom Macdonald	8,068	64.46
	Labour	David Johnston Munro	4,352	34.77
	Independent	Leslie A. Murrell	95	0.75
Majority			3,716	29.69
Turnout			12,515	93.85	+2.11
Registered electors			13,334

1943 election

1943 general election: Wallace^[12]^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Adam Hamilton	4,738	55.03	+1.03
	Labour	John James Lynch	3,131	36.36	−9.13
	Independent	Patrick McMullan	675	7.84
Informal votes			65	0.75	+0.25
Majority			1,607	18.66	+10.15
Turnout			8,609	91.74	−0.96
Registered electors			9,384

1938 election

1938 general election: Wallace^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Adam Hamilton	5,353	54.00	+3.34
	Labour	John James Lynch	4,509	45.49
Informal votes			50	0.50	−0.08
Majority			844	8.51	−13.53
Turnout			9,912	92.70	+1.33
Registered electors			10,692

1935 election

1935 general election: Wallace^[15]^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Adam Hamilton	4,674	50.66	−17.16
	Labour	Lawrence Edmond	2,640	28.61
	Democrat	William Hinchey	1,821	19.73
	Independent Labour	Thomas Rewcastle	91	0.98
Informal votes			54	0.58	−0.31
Majority			2,034	22.04	−13.60
Turnout			9,226	91.37	+9.06
Registered electors			10,097

1931 election

1931 general election: Wallace^[17]^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Adam Hamilton	5,408	67.82	+19.03
	Independent	Peter Gilfedder	2,566	32.18
Informal votes			72	0.89	−0.19
Majority			2,842	35.64	+35.42
Turnout			8,046	82.31	−9.38
Registered electors			9,775

1928 election

1928 general election: Wallace^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Adam Hamilton	4,360	48.79	−4.66
	United	Walter Taylor	4,340	48.56
	Independent Liberal	George Pulley	139	1.55
Informal votes			97	1.08	−0.28
Majority			20	0.22	−17.52
Turnout			8,936	91.69	+1.43
Registered electors			9,745

1925 election

1925 general election: Wallace^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Adam Hamilton	4,001	53.45	+5.19
	Labour	James Morris MacKenzie	2,673	35.71
	Liberal	George Shepherd Edie	432	5.77
	Independent Liberal	Peter Gilfedder	277	3.70
Informal votes			102	1.36	+0.76
Majority			1,328	17.74	+14.87
Turnout			7,485	93.12	+5.02
Registered electors			8,038

1922 election

1922 general election: Wallace^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Thomson	3,646	51.13	+2.02
	Reform	Adam Hamilton	3,441	48.26	−1.60
Informal votes			43	0.60	−0.41
Majority			205	2.87
Turnout			7,130	88.10	+5.37
Registered electors			8,093

1919 election

1919 general election: Wallace^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Adam Hamilton	2,843	49.86
	Liberal	John Thomson	2,800	49.11	−9.37
Informal votes			58	1.01	−0.01
Majority			43	0.75
Turnout			5,701	82.73	−0.59
Registered electors			6,891

1914 election

1914 general election: Wallace^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	John Thomson	3,036	58.48
	Reform	Alexander Rodger	2,155	41.51
Informal votes			53	1.02
Majority			881	16.97
Turnout			5,191	83.32
Registered electors			6,230

1899 election

1899 general election: Wallace^[24]^[25]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Michael Gilfedder	1,896	53.06	+26.73
	Conservative	Allen Carmichael	1,677	46.94
Majority			219	6.13	3.71
Turnout			3,573	78.05	1.46
Registered electors			4,578

1896 election

1896 general election: Wallace^[26]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Michael Gilfedder	756	26.33
	Liberal	Rev. Thomas Neave^[27]	640	22.29
	Conservative	Hugh Valentine	585	20.38
	Conservative	Henry Hirst	487	16.96
	Liberal	James Mackintosh	403	14.04
Majority			116	4.04
Registered electors			3,927

1890 election

1890 general election: Wallace^[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	James Mackintosh	675	44.47
	Conservative	Samuel Hodgkinson	497	32.74
	Independent	Henry Hirst	346	22.79
Majority			178	11.72
Turnout			1,518	54.31
Registered electors			2,795

1875 by-election

1875 Wallace by-election^[29]^[30]^[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	Christopher Basstian	57	48.72
	Independent	Robert Cameron	38	32.48
	Independent	Dr Francis Alexander Monckton	22	18.80
Majority			19	16.24
Turnout			117

Notes

^ McRobie 1989, p. 29.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 29f.
^ McRobie 1989, p. 31.
^ Wilson 1985, p. 183.
^ "Exit Bruce: When an electorate is eliminated". New Zealand Parliament. 30 March 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
^ Wilson 1985, p. 275.
^ "Alterations to Wallace Electorate". No. 4347. Lake Wakatip Mail. 11 January 1938. p. 5.
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. pp. 131–2.
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. pp. 136–7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Norton 1988, p. 383.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Norton 1988, p. 382.
^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ "Declaration of Result of Poll for the Electoral District of Wallace". Lake Wakatip Mail. No. 4637. 7 October 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^ The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
^ "Local & General". Western Star. 12 November 1935. p. 2. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
^ "Declaration of Result of Poll for the Electoral District of Wallace". Otautau Standard and Wallace County Chronicle. Vol. XXVII, no. 1349. 15 December 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
^ The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. 1923. p. 2. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
^ "Orepuki". Otago Witness. No. 2385. 23 November 1899. p. 34. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
^ "Otago". Auckland Star. Vol. XXVII, no. 305. 23 December 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1905). "The Rev. Thomas Neave". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Otago & Southland Provincial Districts. Christchurch: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^ "The Wallace Election". Evening Star. 9 August 1875.
^ "Wallace Election". Otago Witness. 9 August 1875.
^ "Invercargill". The Evening Post. 9 August 1875.

References

McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198929-1] McRobie 1989, p. 29.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198929f-2] McRobie 1989, pp. 29f.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198931-3] McRobie 1989, p. 31.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985183-4] Wilson 1985, p. 183.

[Exit_Bruce-5] "Exit Bruce: When an electorate is eliminated". New Zealand Parliament. 30 March 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985275-6] Wilson 1985, p. 275.

[7] "Alterations to Wallace Electorate". No. 4347. Lake Wakatip Mail. 11 January 1938. p. 5.

[8] Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. pp. 131–2.

[9] Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. pp. 136–7.

[FOOTNOTENorton1988383-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Norton 1988, p. 383.

[FOOTNOTENorton1988382-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Norton 1988, p. 382.

[12] "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.

[13] "Declaration of Result of Poll for the Electoral District of Wallace". Lake Wakatip Mail. No. 4637. 7 October 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 16 May 2017.

[14] "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.

[1935_election-15] The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

[16] "Local & General". Western Star. 12 November 1935. p. 2. Retrieved 21 January 2020.

[1931_election-17] The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

[18] "Declaration of Result of Poll for the Electoral District of Wallace". Otautau Standard and Wallace County Chronicle. Vol. XXVII, no. 1349. 15 December 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

[1928_election-19] The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2014.

[20] The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.

[21] The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. 1923. p. 2. Retrieved 28 August 2016.

[Year-Book_1920-22] Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.

[General_Election,_1914-23] Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

[24] "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 12 March 2014.

[25] "Orepuki". Otago Witness. No. 2385. 23 November 1899. p. 34. Retrieved 11 March 2014.

[26] "Otago". Auckland Star. Vol. XXVII, no. 305. 23 December 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 7 January 2014.

[NZETC_Neave-27] Cyclopedia Company Limited (1905). "The Rev. Thomas Neave". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Otago & Southland Provincial Districts. Christchurch: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 7 January 2014.

[General_Election,_1890-28] "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

[29] "The Wallace Election". Evening Star. 9 August 1875.

[30] "Wallace Election". Otago Witness. 9 August 1875.

[31] "Invercargill". The Evening Post. 9 August 1875.

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