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Wauwatosa, Wisconsin

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Wauwatosa (/ˌwɔːwəˈtoʊsə/ ⓘ WAW-wə-TOH-sə; coloquially Tosa) is a city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 48,387 at the 2020 census. Wauwatosa is a suburb located immediately west of Milwaukee and is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. It is named after the Potawatomi Chief Wauwataesie and the Potawatomi word for firefly.[6]

Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
City
Downtown Wauwatosa along the Menomonee River
Downtown Wauwatosa along the Menomonee River
Nickname: 
Tosa
Location of Wauwatosa in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
Location of Wauwatosa in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
Coordinates: 43°4′N 88°2′W / 43.067°N 88.033°W / 43.067; -88.033
Country United States
State Wisconsin
CountyMilwaukee
IncorporatedMay 27, 1897; 127 years ago (1897-05-27)
Government
 • MayorDennis McBride
 • Congressional Rep.Gwen Moore (D)
Area
[1]
 • City
13.23 sq mi (34.27 km2)
 • Land13.23 sq mi (34.26 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2)
Elevation
673 ft (205 m)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • City
48,387
 • Density3,637.86/sq mi (1,404.54/km2)
 • Metro
1,753,355 (Milwaukee)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Area code414
FIPS code55-84675[3]
GNIS feature ID1576335[4]
Websitewww.wauwatosa.net

History

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The lush Menomonee Valley of the Wauwatosa area provided a key overland gateway between the rich glacial farmland of southeastern Wisconsin and the Port of Milwaukee. In 1835, Charles Hart became the first Euro-American to settle here, followed that year by 17 other families. The following year a United States Road was built from Milwaukee through Wauwatosa, eventually reaching Madison. Charles Hart built a mill in 1845 on the Menomonee River which gave the settlement its original name of "Hart's Mill." The mill was torn down in 1914.[7]

The Town of Wau-wau-too-sa was created by act of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature on April 30, 1840. As of the 1840 census, the population of the Town of Wau-wau-too-sa or Wauwatosa was 342.[8] The town government was organized in 1842. The town's borders originally extended from the present-day Greenfield Avenue in the south to Hampton Avenue in the north, and from 27th Street in the east to the Waukesha County line in the west, encompassing sections of present-day Milwaukee, West Milwaukee and West Allis, plus the southern part of former North Milwaukee, which was wholly annexed into the city of Milwaukee in 1927. Most of the town was farmland through the remainder of the 19th century.

 
Wauwatosa in 1892

In 1849 the Watertown Plank Road was constructed through Wauwatosa, mainly following the old Madison territorial road. In 1851 Wisconsin's first railroad (later The Milwaukee Road) established Wauwatosa as its western terminus. The Village of Wauwatosa was incorporated from the central part of the Town of Wauwatosa in 1892, and was rechartered as the City of Wauwatosa on May 27, 1897.[9]

 
Robertson Ace Hardware Building; one of the original buildings in Wauwatosa

Expansion

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On November 25, 1952, the City of Wauwatosa more than doubled its size by annexing 8.5 square miles (22 square kilometers) of land west of the Menomonee River, the entire remaining portion of the Town of Wauwatosa,[10] which became the home to several large cold storage and regional food distribution terminals. Industrial plants owned by firms including Harley-Davidson and Briggs & Stratton were also constructed.

In the past 40 years, western Wauwatosa has become an edge city with an important commercial and retail district built up along Milwaukee's beltline Highway 100 and anchored by the Mayfair Mall.

Removal of cross

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In 1992, Wauwatosa received some national attention when the Wauwatosa Common Council, threatened with a lawsuit, decided to remove a Christian cross from the City's seal that had been adopted in 1957. The cross was replaced with the text "In God We Trust".[11]

The seal itself had originally been designed by 9-year old Suzanne Vallier as an entry in a contest among Wauwatosa schoolchildren. The quadrants of the logo's shield represented, from top left going clockwise: an arrowhead representing the Indians who were the original inhabitants of the city; the mill representing Hart's Mill which was the original name of the city; the cross representing the "city of churches"; and the symbol used on street signs representing the "city of homes".[12]

2020 shootings

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On February 2, 2020, Alvin Cole, a 17-year-old African-American male, was shot and killed at Mayfair Mall by a police officer responding to a reported disturbance. According to authorities, Cole had been fleeing from police while carrying a stolen handgun. No charges were filed against the officer who fired the fatal shots, sparking protests.[13]

On November 20, a shooting occurred at the mall, leaving eight people injured. The shooter fled the scene afterwards and remained at large for a day,[14] until the arrest of a 15-year-old suspect.[15]

Geography

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According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.25 square miles (34.32 km2), all land.[16]

Eastern Wauwatosa is also known for its homes and residential streets, at one time just a short streetcar ride away from downtown Milwaukee. Prior to the arrival of Dutch elm disease, many of Wauwatosa's older residential streets had large gothic colonnades of American Elm trees. In Wauwatosa, the Menomonee Valley made it easier to quarry portions of the Niagara Escarpment, which provided the necessary materials for cream-colored bricks and limestone foundations used in many homes and public buildings throughout the region.

Climate

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Climate data for Wauwatosa, Wisconsin (Mount Mary University) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1946–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 60
(16) 		71
(22) 		86
(30) 		90
(32) 		95
(35) 		104
(40) 		108
(42) 		108
(42) 		100
(38) 		90
(32) 		78
(26) 		68
(20) 		108
(42)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 29.7
(−1.3) 		33.6
(0.9) 		44.3
(6.8) 		56.0
(13.3) 		67.5
(19.7) 		77.9
(25.5) 		82.8
(28.2) 		80.7
(27.1) 		73.8
(23.2) 		60.9
(16.1) 		46.8
(8.2) 		35.2
(1.8) 		57.4
(14.1)
Daily mean °F (°C) 21.9
(−5.6) 		25.1
(−3.8) 		35.1
(1.7) 		46.1
(7.8) 		57.5
(14.2) 		67.9
(19.9) 		73.1
(22.8) 		71.2
(21.8) 		63.6
(17.6) 		51.2
(10.7) 		38.5
(3.6) 		27.9
(−2.3) 		48.3
(9.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 14.1
(−9.9) 		16.7
(−8.5) 		25.9
(−3.4) 		36.3
(2.4) 		47.5
(8.6) 		57.9
(14.4) 		63.3
(17.4) 		61.7
(16.5) 		53.3
(11.8) 		41.6
(5.3) 		30.1
(−1.1) 		20.6
(−6.3) 		39.1
(3.9)
Record low °F (°C) −27
(−33) 		−25
(−32) 		−15
(−26) 		11
(−12) 		20
(−7) 		32
(0) 		40
(4) 		41
(5) 		27
(−3) 		16
(−9) 		−8
(−22) 		−22
(−30) 		−27
(−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.48
(38) 		1.49
(38) 		1.79
(45) 		3.71
(94) 		3.73
(95) 		4.84
(123) 		3.57
(91) 		3.68
(93) 		3.02
(77) 		2.73
(69) 		2.05
(52) 		1.73
(44) 		33.82
(859)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 11.0
(28) 		9.9
(25) 		5.3
(13) 		1.5
(3.8) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		2.0
(5.1) 		9.8
(25) 		39.5
(100)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.1 8.6 8.9 11.7 13.0 10.9 9.6 9.5 8.5 10.6 9.1 9.9 120.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 7.3 6.2 3.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 5.6 24.7
Source: NOAA[17][18]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19002,842—
19103,34617.7%
19205,81873.9%
193021,194264.3%
194027,76931.0%
195033,32420.0%
196056,92370.8%
197058,6763.1%
198051,310−12.6%
199049,484−3.6%
200047,271−4.5%
201046,396−1.9%
202048,3874.3%
Note: Town of Wauwatosa annexed
by City of Wauwatosa in 1952–54.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $54,519, and the median income for a family was $68,030. Males had a median income of $46,721 versus $35,289 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,834. About 2.3% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

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As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 46,396 people, 20,435 households, and 11,969 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,501.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,352.0/km2). There were 21,520 housing units at an average density of 1,624.2 per square mile (627.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.6% White, 4.5% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.

There were 20,435 households, of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.4% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the city was 39.8 years. 21.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.7% were from 45 to 64; and 16.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.

Government

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Wauwatosa has a mayor–council government. The mayor is elected to a four-year term.

The Common Council is composed of 16 aldermen, two from each of eight districts. They serve four-year terms, with one member from each district up for election every other year. The aldermen set policy and have extensive financial control, but are not engaged in daily operational management.

Politics

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Wauwatosa is mostly in the 4th house district for the United States House of Representatives, with small parts of northern Wauwatosa in the 5th Wisconsin congressional district.

Wauwatosa voters have supported Democratic, Republican, and Libertarian candidates.

United States presidential election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2024[20]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Kamala Harris 22,136 68.99%
Republican Donald Trump 9,312 29.02%
Others 637 1.99%
United States Senate election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2024[20]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 21,848 68.51%
Republican Eric Hovde 9,580 30.04%
Others 463 1.45%
Wisconsin gubernatorial election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2022[21]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Tony Evers 18,544 69.80%
Republican Tim Michels 7,838 29.50%
Others 184 0.7%
United States Senate election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2022[21]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Mandela Barnes 18,099 68.11%
Republican Ron Johnson 8,406 31.63%
Others 68 0.26%
United States presidential election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2020[22]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Joe Biden 20,880 66.03%
Republican Donald Trump 10,104 31.95%
Libertarian Jo Jorgensen 399 1.26%
Others 237 0.76%
Wisconsin gubernatorial election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2018[23]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Tony Evers 15,705 57.26%
Republican Scott Walker 11,276 41.11%
Others 448 1.63%
United States Senate election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2018[23]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 17,126 62.63%
Republican Leah Vukmir 10,162 37.16%
Others 57 0.21%
United States presidential election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2016[24]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Hillary Clinton 16,316 56.87%
Republican Donald Trump 10,034 34.98%
Libertarian Gary Johnson 1,332 4.64%
Others 918 3.2%
United States Senate election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2016[24]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Russ Feingold 15,038 52.31%
Republican Ron Johnson 13,147 45.73%
Others 563 1.96%
Wisconsin gubernatorial election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2014[25]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Republican Scott Walker 12,875 51.83%
Democratic Mary Burke 11,713 47.16%
Others 252 1.01%
United States presidential election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2012[26]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Democratic Barack Obama 15,220 50.61%
Republican Mitt Romney 14,511 48.25%
Others 344 1.14%
United States Senate election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2012[26]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Republican Tommy Thompson 14,588 49.24%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 14,516 49.00%
Others 522 1.76%
Wisconsin gubernatorial recall election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, June 2012[27]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Republican Scott Walker 14,059 53.63%
Democratic Tom Barrett 12,033 45.90%
Others 125 0.47%
Wisconsin gubernatorial election in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 2010[28]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Republican Scott Walker 12,579 51.84%
Democratic Tom Barrett 11,541 47.56%
Others 144 0.06%

Transportation

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Wauwatosa is served by MCTS Routes 21, 22, 28, 31, 33, 66, 76 and 92. It is also served by Waukesha Metro route 1 and MCTS's BRT route, Connect 1 at the Milwaukee County Regional Center.

Interstate 41 runs on the westside of the city.

The westernmost portion of the Hank Aaron State Trail runs through the city.[29]

The Canadian Pacific Kansas City (Milwaukee Road) Main line from Chicago to Miles City, which previously extended to Washington runs through Wauwatosa. The line had commuter service between Milwaukee and Watertown until 1972.

Education

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Wauwatosa is served by the Wauwatosa School District:[30]

  • High Schools: Wauwatosa West, Wauwatosa East
  • Middle Schools: Whitman, Longfellow
  • Elementary Schools: Eisenhower, Jefferson, Lincoln, Madison, McKinley, Roosevelt, Underwood, Washington, Wilson
  • Additional school-district services are provided to juvenile residents of the Milwaukee County Grounds—at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and the Milwaukee County's Children and Adolescent Services Center—through the River Hills School on the Milwaukee County Mental Health Complex grounds. County juveniles in secure detention receive educational services through the Vel R. Phillips Juvenile Justice Center School within the Milwaukee County Children's Court building

Catholic elementary schools in the city include St. Bernard, St. Joseph, St. Jude and Christ King. Lutheran Schools include Our Redeemer and St. John's.

Points of interest

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Church of the Annunciation in Wauwatosa, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

Wauwatosa contains Milwaukee County's Regional Medical Center, which includes the Medical College of Wisconsin, the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, and Froedtert Hospital, one of two level-one trauma centers in the state. Other points of interest are the Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church designed by Frank Lloyd Wright; and the Memorial Center, built in 1957, which contains the public library, an auditorium, and the city hall. The Washington Highlands Historic District, a residential neighborhood designed in 1916 by renowned city planner Werner Hegemann, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, as was the Kneeland-Walker House. The Milwaukee County School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy Historic District, located on a former high school campus, was added in 1998. Other buildings on the list include Wauwatosa's oldest house, the Lowell Damon House; the Thomas B. Hart House; and the Wauwatosa Woman's Club Clubhouse.

In July 2019, the Tourism Commission of Wauwatosa sponsored the installation of several new murals by professional artists.[31] The murals are curated by Milwaukee-based public arts agency Wallpapered City, and the artworks appear on buildings from 64th Street to 70th Street along North Avenue.'[32]

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Wauwatosa is the home town of the narrator of an unrecorded song by Bob Dylan, "On, Wisconsin" (not to be confused with the University of Wisconsin fight song of the same name).[33] The lyrics were written by Dylan in 1961, but the song remained unfinished until 2018, when local musician Trapper Schoepp wrote music to accompany Dylan's lyrics. Schoepp recorded the song at Wauwatosa's Wire & Vice studio for his album Primetime Illusion (2019).[34][35]

An episode of the police procedural television show Criminal Minds, entitled "In Name and Blood" (S03 E02), was set in Wauwatosa.[citation needed][36]

Notable people

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References

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  1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  3. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  4. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  5. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  6. ^ "THE HISTORY OF WAUWATOSA". visitmilwaukee.org. VISIT Milwaukee. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
  7. ^ Milwaukee Journal, July 12, 1914
  8. ^ Watrous, Jerome Anthony, Memoirs of Milwaukee County: from the earliest historical times down to the present, including a genealogical and biographical record of representative families in Milwaukee County, Chicago: Western Historical Association, 1909; Volume 1, pp. 69-70
  9. ^ Village of Wauwatosa. "City of Wauwatosa Incorporated May 27, 1897 Under General Law, Recorded Misc. Rec. Vol. 5, PG. 397; Boundary Description" (PDF). Office of the Secretary of State of Wisconsin. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2007. Retrieved April 8, 2007.
  10. ^ ""City of Wauwatosa, Wisconsin: History: 1952" City of Wauwatosa website". Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  11. ^ Thatcher, Betsy (December 16, 1992). "Tosa council drops cross from emblem Quadrant of shield will be plain red field". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. p. 6. Retrieved November 23, 2023 – via NewsBank.
  12. ^ "Suzanne Vallier Wins Wauwatosa Logo Contest". Milwaukee Journal. April 12, 1957.
  13. ^ Richmond, Todd. "Protests spark in Wisconsin after police officer not charged for death of Black man". Global News. Associated Press. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  14. ^ Mehlberg, Rusty (November 20, 2020). "Eight people injured after shooting at Mayfair Mall, suspect still at large". WTMJ-AM radio station. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  15. ^ Ivan Pereira; Joshua Hoyos; Greg Bradbury (November 22, 2020). "Teenager charged in connection with Wisconsin mall shooting". ABC News. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  16. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  17. ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  18. ^ "Station: MT Mary College, WI". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  19. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Wauwatosa city, Wisconsin". Census.gov. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
  20. ^ a b "Wauwatosa Election Results". November 7, 2024. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  21. ^ a b "Election Summary EL-45". City of Wauwatosa. November 8, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  22. ^ "Wauwatosa Election Results". November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  23. ^ a b "Election Summary EL-45". City of Wauwatosa. November 8, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  24. ^ a b "Wauwatosa Election Results". November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  25. ^ "Wauwatosa Election Results". November 4, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  26. ^ a b "Wauwatosa Election Results". November 6, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  27. ^ "Wauwatosa Election Results". June 5, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  28. ^ "Wauwatosa Election Results". November 2, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  29. ^ "Hank Aaron State Trail Map" (PDF). Friends of Hank Aaron State Trail. February 26, 2021. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  30. ^ "Wauwatosa School District / Home". www.wauwatosa.k12.wi.us.
  31. ^ Tanzilo, Bobby. "Wallpapered City is bringing series of murals to the heart of East Tosa". OnMilwaukee. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  32. ^ Inouye, Dominic. "The Power of Street Art: Conversations with the New Tosa Muralists". Milwaukee Independent. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  33. ^ Robbins, Dean (October 6, 2017). "Bob Dylan's Ode To Wisconsin". Wisconsin Life. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  34. ^ Nelson, James B. (November 14, 2018). "Local musician Trapper Schoepp to release 'On, Wisconsin,' a song he co-wrote with Bob Dylan". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  35. ^ Greene, Andy (November 13, 2018). "How a Wisconsin Singer Got a Bob Dylan Co-Writing Credit for New Song 'On, Wisconsin'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  36. ^ Bernero, Edward Allen (October 3, 2007), In Name and Blood (Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller), Mandy Patinkin, Thomas Gibson, Paget Brewster, Shemar Moore, The Mark Gordon Company, CBS Paramount Network Television, ABC Signature, retrieved February 18, 2021
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