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Wikipedia

Yoko Kanno

Not to be confused with Yugo Kanno.

Yoko Kanno (菅野 よう子, Kanno Yōko, born 18 March 1963) is a Japanese composer, arranger and music producer of soundtracks for anime series, video games, television dramas and movies. She has written scores for Cowboy Bebop, Terror in Resonance, Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex, Wolf's Rain, Turn A Gundam and Darker than Black. Kanno is a keyboardist and the frontwoman for Seatbelts, who perform many of her compositions.

Yoko Kanno
菅野 よう子
Kanno at Anime Expo 2010
Born
菅野 洋子

(1963-03-18) 18 March 1963 (age 61)[1][2]
Sendai, Japan
Other namesGabriela Robin
Occupations
  • Composer
  • arranger
  • music producer
Years active1985–present
Musical career
Genres
Instruments
LabelsCaptain Duckling Records

Early life

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Yoko Kanno was born on 18 March 1963, in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Her earliest experiences with music came from attending church with her parents. She studied keyboard on both the piano in her home and the organ at her kindergarten. In elementary school, she began participating in composition contests, but in high school, Kanno began to take more of an interest in literature than in music.[3]

Kanno attended Waseda University, where she majored in literature, but she transcribed music for various student groups at Waseda in her free time. During this time, Kanno—whose parents had only allowed her to listen to classical music—was introduced to rhythm by a friend who played drums in a school band.[3] She spoke of this experience in an interview with Akihiro Tomita:

I thought my friend was a genius. I had heard drums on the radio before, but it was like I had never really noticed them. Then I see drums performed live, and was able to experience a beat for the first time. I started to take heavy interest in music that wasn’t classical and joined the band elective.[3]

While with this band, she studied the composition and style of popular music.

While at Waseda, the Japanese video game company Koei asked Kanno to compose the soundtrack to Nobunaga's Ambition. The game turned out to be a hit, and Kanno's music career was launched.[3]

Career

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Yoko Kanno's soundtrack themes include "Kiseki no Umi" (Lodoss War), "Voices" (Macross Plus), "Tank!" (Cowboy Bebop), "Yakusoku wa Iranai" (Escaflowne), "Gravity" (Wolf's Rain), the whole soundtrack of Turn A Gundam, "Inner Universe" (Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex) and Stand Alone Complex O.S.T. In regards to making the Stand Alone Complex soundtrack, she said:

I had this image of a formal and rigid 'manly' world for the original comic. So I tried to think of ways to destroy that world. The theme I had in mind was, 'be human.' It represented the sentiment of 'why don't we take it easy and be more like a human being?'—instead of being a workaholic salaried man working for his company. Or be it Tachikoma wishing to become human. I wanted to express these 'tangible fuzziness,' sort of. For the opening theme song called 'inner universe,' I had an image of digital bits and composed a score consisting of recurrent quick beats.[4]

Having composed in various genres, including blues, classical, jazz, techno and J-pop, she was once asked if she favored a particular genre:

Ah ... I hear everyone talk about how many genres [I work in] like classical, jazz and others, but personally, I don't divide music by genre when creating. I don't create by saying, 'I must create a classical piece here,' or 'I must create a jazz piece here.' When I create music, I don't consider at all which genre I like best, but what the scene or the anime calls for, like a love [theme] or a mood. There isn't one genre I like more than the others. I find all of them satisfying and all inspire me in different ways.[5]

Since she works in the animation industry, she only receives instructions and storyboards from directors which helps her with composing. However, it is uncertain if all of her works are to be included in the finished project. She once said that this is a way she likes to work, for she does not have to deal with rules during composing.[citation needed] In reference to this, she once stated:

In my case, the creators talk to me and ask me to do a soundtrack a year or two before the animation is finished. At that time, I think of the plot in my brain, when the characters' names—everything about the characters—has not been decided yet. This is even when the title has not be decided yet.[5]

She was the lead member of the project band Seatbelts, which regrouped in 2004 to compose the soundtrack for the PlayStation 2 Cowboy Bebop video game (released in Japan in 2005).

She has composed for Koei games released during the late 1980s to early 1990s and for Napple Tale, a Dreamcast game. Due to her close involvement in the Cowboy Bebop anime, the game released by Bandai also features her work.

Apart from anime and games, Kanno also composes for live-action films and television commercials. Some popular brands she has composed for are Canon, DoCoMo, Fuji Xerox, 7-Eleven, Microsoft, Nissan, Toyota, Shiseido, Avon and MasterCard to name a few. Her contributions to films started in the 1990s but only since 2002 has there been a trend towards the medium, with some of the latter being shown in international film festivals.[6]

 
Kanno at Otakon 1999
 
Yoko Kanno (left) with Megumi Nakajima performing at Anime Expo 2010

She attended Otakon and Anime Expo in 1999, as well as Anime Expo New York in 2002. In 2010, she made a surprise appearance at Anime Expo.[7] Yoko Kanno performed her solo PianoMe concert at Otakon 2013.[8]

She composed a three-movement suite, entitled "Ray of Water," for the ascension of Emperor Naruhito. It was performed for him and Empress Masako at the enthronement celebration on 9 November 2019. Yoshikazu Okada wrote the lyrics for the vocal portion, which was performed at the celebration by the idol group, Arashi.[9][10][11]

Gabriela Robin

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On many of Kanno's tracks, "Gabriela Robin" was credited as a lyricist and vocalist, but whenever these songs were performed in concert, either Maaya Sakamoto or Origa would perform them. In a 2009 written interview, Robin said that she would perform live for the first time at Kanno's 2009 Tanabata Sonic concert. However, at the end of the concert - which featured Kanno directing the Warsaw Philharmonic - Kanno turned to the audience and sang "Moon", a song previously attributed to Robin from the Turn A Gundam soundtrack, revealing that "Gabriela Robin" was simply a pseudonym Kanno used to write songs mixing English and Japanese freely. In a later interview, Kanno said she picked the name because the first orchestral recording she had heard was the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, and at the time Yitzhak Rabin served as Israel's Prime Minister.[12][13]

Personal life

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In addition to Japanese, she speaks a little English and some French, but her English is poor and she needs translation help to converse in French.[5]

Commenting on spirituality and religion, Kanno has said:

I'm not religious at all. But Japanese don't believe in one God, but in gods everywhere in plants and animals. That's right. In Japan, Christianity has a wonderful image. People enjoy the image of Christ and Christianity in picture books, but not as a religion.[14]

Kanno enjoys music, photography, and writing. She has penned several journals for Newtype magazine, accompanying her articles with her own photographs for illustrations. Additionally, a collection of photographs taken by Kanno of her protégé and former production partner, Maaya Sakamoto, was showcased in the special event program for Sakamoto's thirtieth birthday concert at Nippon Budokan in 2010.

In 2011, Yoko Kanno expressed her support for the victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, composing a song titled "Kimi de Ite, Buji de Ite" (きみでいてぶじでいて, Stay With Me, Stay Safe).[15] Later, she composed NHK's official support song on the occasion of the first anniversary of the earthquake entitled "Hana wa Saku" (花は咲く, Flowers Will Bloom), including lyrics by Sendai film director Shunji Iwai. The song features notable natives from the affected areas of Miyagi, Fukushima and Iwate.[16][17]

Discography

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Studio albums

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Date Title Notes
1 January 1998 Song to Fly All songs composed and conducted by Yoko Kanno; track 8 performed by Yoko Kanno.
(Tracks 1–7, 9–11 performed by Cosmic Voices from Bulgaria, Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra,
Warsaw Chorus, Tulivu-Donna Cumberbatch, Franco Sansalone, Krzysztof Ciupinsky,
Steve Conte, Jadwiga Rappé and Gabriela Robin).[18]
22 May 2002 23-Ji no Ongaku All songs composed and conducted by Yoko Kanno. Vocals performed by Maaya Sakamoto. Album released by Victor Entertainment.
The title translates as "11:00 pm music".[19]
2 May 2008 CM Yoko Compilation album of music for commercials done by Yoko Kanno over the years. All songs composed by Yoko Kanno.
22 April 2009 CM Yoko 2 Compilation album of music for commercials done by Yoko Kanno over the years. All songs composed and/or arranged by Yoko Kanno.
27 May 2009 Space Bio Charge Compilation album of Yoko Kanno with Seatbelts.[20]
8 June 2011 Yoko Kanno produce Cyber Bicci Compilation album of previous works with Ilaria Graziano, along with new materials.[21]

Other involvements

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Artist Album Year Role(s)
Tetsu 100% Tokyo Taco Blues 1986 Composer for one track
Tetsu 100% 1987 Composer for four tracks
Ato3cm 1987 Composer for five tracks
Jack in the Box 1988 Composer for three tracks
Manatsu no Santa Claus 1988 Composer for one track
Sunao 1989 Composition credited to band
Chiyono Yoshino Montage 1988 Composer for two tracks
Song Bird 1989
  • Composer for three tracks
  • arranger for two tracks
Melanger 1990
  • Composer for one track
  • performer on two tracks
Keiko Nakajima Keiko Nakajima 1990 Composer for four tracks
Kyoko Endo Renai 1990 Arranger for seven tracks
Kobitori ni Naritai 1993 Arranger for all tracks
Fuyu no Miwa 1993 Arranger for all tracks
Hashire Hashire 1999 Arranger for two tracks
Aki Okui Lost Melodies 1994 Arranger for two tracks
Straw Color 1997 Arranger for one track
Tsuki no Mayu 2000 Composer for all tracks
Hitomi Mieno Hajimari no Boukenshya-tachi
~Hikari no Chizu~		 1995 Composer for two tracks
Miki Imai Love of my Life 1995 Arranger for four tracks
Thank You 1996 Arranger for four tracks
IMAI.MIKI from 1986 1998 Arranger for one track
Blooming Ivory 2000 Arranger for one track
Yuri Shiratori Atarashii Kutsu 1995
  • Composer for two tracks
  • lyricist for one track
Caramel Pop 1995 Composer and lyricist for two tracks
Samply Red Perfect Rouge 1996 Composition credited to band
Ah-ra ii Kimochi 1996 Composition credited to band
Kiseki to Taitsuku 1996 Composition credited to band
Happy Go Lucky OST 1997 Composer for eight tracks
Kemeko no Uta (Happy Go Lucky) 1997 Arrangement credited to band
It's for my Ego 1997 Composition credited to band
Perfect Rouge I, II, III 2002 Composition credited to band
Kyōko Koizumi Otokonoko, Onnanoko 1996
  • Composer for eight tracks
  • arranger for all tracks except 9
For my Life (Single) 1999 Composer for two tracks
Maaya Sakamoto Grapefruit 1997 Composer for all tracks
DIVE 1998 Composer for all tracks
Single Collection+ Hotchpotch 1999 Composer for all tracks
Lucy 2001 Composer for all tracks
Easy Listening 2001 Composer for all tracks
Single Collection+ Nikopachi 2003 Composer for all tracks
Shōnen Alice 2003 Composer for all tracks
Kazeyomi 2009 Composer for two tracks
You Can't Catch Me 2011 Composer for one track
Akino Arai Sora No Mori 1997 Composer for five tracks
Sora No Miwa 1997 Composer for two tracks
Hiru No Tsuki 1998 Arranger for two tracks
RGB 2002 Composer for one track
Yasui Inoue Kyuu Dan 1998 Composer for one track
Crystal Kay Eternal Memories 1999 Composer for two tracks
Komichi no Hana 1999 Composer for one track
C.C.L. Crystal Lover Light 2000
  • Composer for one track
  • arranger for one track
Kei Kobayashi Nagashime Play 2003 Composer for all tracks
SMAP Say What You Will 2005 Composer for two tracks
super.modern.artistic.performance 2008 Composer for one track
Yukawa Shione Yuki No Waltz 2007 Composer for one track
AKINO from bless4 Lost in Time 2007 Composer for all tracks
Chitose Hajime Cassini 2008 Composer for one track
Origa The Songwreath 2008 Composer for one track
Yoshika World 2008 Composer for one track
May'n May'n☆Street 2009 Composer for two tracks
Natsumi Kiyoura Juuku Iro 2010 Composer for one track
Megumi Nakajima Be with You 2012 Composer for one track[22]
Clammbon yet 2015 String arranger for one track

Works

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Anime

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Year Title Role(s)
1992 Porco Rosso Ending theme song arranger
1994 Please Save My Earth Composer
(other tracks by Hajime Mizoguchi)[23]
Macross Plus Composer
1995 Memories: Magnetic Rose Composer
1996 The Vision of Escaflowne Composer
(other tracks by Hajime Mizoguchi)
X Clamp Character File Composer
(other tracks by various others)
1997 Clamp School Detectives Second ending theme song composer
Noiseman Sound Insect Composer
1998 Record of Lodoss War: Chronicles of the Heroic Knight Opening theme song composer
Macross Dynamite 7 Insert song composer
Cowboy Bebop Composer
Cardcaptor Sakura Third opening theme song composer[24]
Brain Powerd Composer[25]
1999 Turn A Gundam Composer[24]
Jin-Roh Pianist[24]
Neo Tokyo Composer[24]
2000 Escaflowne Composer
(other tracks by Hajime Mizoguchi)
2001 Earth Maiden Arjuna Composer
Cowboy Bebop: Knockin' on Heaven's Door Composer
2002 RahXephon Opening theme song composer
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Composer[26]
2002 Dragon Ball Z: Dragon Ball Rangers Composer[24]
2003 Wolf's Rain Composer[27]
2004 Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex 2nd GIG Composer
2005 Genesis of Aquarion Composer
(other tracks by Hogari Hisaaki)
2006 Ōban Star-Racers Opening and ending theme song composer
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex - Solid State Society Composer
2007 Darker than Black: Kuro no Keiyakusha Composer[28]
Genius Party Insert song composer
Genesis of Aquarion Composer
2008 Macross Frontier Composer
2009 Ring of Gundam Composer[24]
2012 Aquarion Evol Composer
Code Geass: Akito the Exiled Theme song composer[29]
Kids on the Slope Composer
2014 Space☆Dandy
  • Composer
  • Ending theme song arranger

(other tracks by various others)[30]
Terror in Resonance Composer[31]
2015 Aquarion Logos Opening theme song composer[32]
2021 Macross Frontier Film Short: Labyrinth of Time Theme song composer[33]
2023 Spy x Family Season 2 Opening theme song arranger[34]

Video games

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Year Title Original system(s) Role(s)
1985 Romance of the Three Kingdoms PC-8801, Sharp X1, FM-7 Composer
1986 Nobunaga's Ambition Zenkokuban PC-8801, PC-9801 Composer[24]
1987 Genghis Khan PC-8801, PC-9801 Composer
1988 Nobunaga's Ambition Sengoku Gunyūden PC-8801, PC-9801 Composer
1989 Ishin no Arashi PC-9801 Composer
1990 Uncharted Waters PC-8801, PC-9801 Composer
Nobunaga's Ambition Bushō Fuunroku PC-9801 Composer
1992 Nobunaga's Ambition Haōden PC-9801 Composer
1993 Uncharted Waters 2: New Horizons PC-9801 Composer
1994 Nobunaga's Ambition Tenshōki PC-9801 Composer
2000 Napple Tale: Arsia in Daydream Dreamcast Composer[35]
2005 Cowboy Bebop: Tsuitou no Yakyoku PlayStation 2 Composer
2007 Ragnarok Online 2 MS Windows Composer[36]
2011 Continent of the Ninth MS Windows Theme song composer
2012 Ragnarok Online 2: Legend of the Second MS Windows Composer
2018 Starwing Paradox Arcade Theme song composer[37][38]
2023 Volzerk: Monsters and Lands Unknown MS Windows, iOS, Android Composer[39]

Television dramas

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Year Title Role(s)
2001 Yo ni mo Kimyou na Monogatari – Mama Shinhatsubai Composer
2002 Mayonaka Betsu no Kao Composer
2004 X'smap~Tora to Raion to Gojin no Otoko~ Composer
2006 Chichi ni Kanaderu Merodi Composer
2008 Camouflage Composer
2009 Kaze ni Mai Agaru Vinyl Sheet Composer
2013 Gochisōsan Composer
2017 Naotora: The Lady Warlord Composer[40]
2021 Cowboy Bebop Composer
2023 The Makanai: Cooking for the Maiko House Composer[41]

Movies

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Year Title Role(s)
1994 Yamato Takeru Composer
1996 Asalto Composer
Boku wa Benkyo ga Dekinai Composer
1997 Natsu Jikan no Otonatachi Composer
2002 Tokyo.sora Composer
Mizu no Onna Composer
2003 03 + Composer
2004 Kamikaze Girls Composer
2005 Ashura Composer
Su-ki-da Composer
2006 Honey and Clover Composer
2007 The Show Must Go On Composer
Say Hello! Composer
2010 Surely Someday Composer
2013 Petal Dance Composer
2015 Our Little Sister Composer[42]

Publicly commissioned works

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Year Title Occasion Role(s)
2019 "Ray of Water" Enthronement of Naruhito Composer

Commercial music

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Companies that have commissioned Kanno for commercial music include:[43]

Hired vocalists

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Artists who have performed at least one of Kanno's vocal tracks:

References

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  1. ^ "TETSU100% member profiles". TETSU100%. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  2. ^ Masako Furukawa (21 October 2013). "Modern Portrait: Composer Yoko Kanno". Asahi Shimbun Weekly Aera. Asahi Shimbun Publications: 56–60.
  3. ^ a b c d "Red Bull Music Academy Daily". daily.redbullmusicacademy.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  4. ^ "Production IG Interview with Yoko Kanno for Ghost in the Shell: SAC". productionig.com. 20 March 2002. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  5. ^ a b c "Interview with Kanno Yoko". Ex.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2000. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  6. ^ "KANNO Yoko". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  7. ^ Loo, Egan (2 July 2010). "Anime Expo Hosts Macross Frontier Composer Yoko Kanno". Anime News Network. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  8. ^ "Composer Yoko Kanno to Perform Concert at Otakon - News - Anime News Network". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  9. ^ "奉祝曲、天皇陛下のライフワーク「水」をテーマに : ニュース : 令和・新時代 : ニュース". 読売新聞オンライン (in Japanese). 9 November 2019. Archived from the original on 10 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  10. ^ "Pop and pomp: Arashi to sing at throne-accession festival in Tokyo：The Asahi Shimbun". The Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  11. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: 【フルバージョン】国民祭典 奉祝曲Ray of Water 雅子さま涙ぐまれる, retrieved 18 November 2019
  12. ^ "PLAZA インタビュー「菅野よう子さん」 - : PLAZA INTERVIEW - CPRA 公益社団法人日本芸能実演家団体協議会 実演家著作隣接権センター". Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  13. ^ "New Yoko Kanno releases announced". animenewsnetwork.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  14. ^ "Interview with Kanno Yoko". Ex.org. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  15. ^ Vazzoler, Marlen (21 March 2011). "Speciale Il terribile tsunami giapponese". anime.everyeye.it (in Italian). Retrieved 9 March 2023. Composer Yoko Kanno (Cowboy Bebop, Escaflowne) born in Miyagi prefecture, one of the areas most affected by the earthquake and tsunami, uploaded the song "Kimi de Ite, Buji de Ite by Kanno Yoko" on YouTube to support the victims.
  16. ^ Mousavi, Yousef (9 August 2021). "Yoko Kanno: What's She Been Up To?". Anime News Network. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  17. ^ "「花は咲く」コンピ発売、菅野よう子編曲の16バージョン収録". natalie.mu (in Japanese). 3 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  18. ^ "Song to fly". CD Japan. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  19. ^ "Music for the 23rd Hour | VICL-60885 - VGMdb". VGMdb. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  20. ^ "YOKO KANNO SEATBELTS RaiChikyu Kinen Collection Album Space Bio Charge". CD Japan. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  21. ^ "YOKO KANNO produce Cyber Bicci". CD Japan. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  22. ^ "Megumi Nakajima – Be With You". Discogs. 7 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  23. ^ "Hajime Mizoguchi & Yoko Kanno – Please Save My Earth (Image Soundtrack)". Discogs. 1995. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g Dennison, Kara (18 May 2019). "Six Yoko Kanno Projects We Don't Talk About Enough". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  25. ^ "Yoko Kanno – Brain Powerd". Discogs. 1998. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  26. ^ L. Inoa, Christopher (29 October 2022). "How Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Went From Massive Risk to Beloved Anime Classic". IGN. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  27. ^ "菅野 よう子 | WOLF'S RAIN | FlyingDog". Flying Dog (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  28. ^ "菅野よう子* – Darker Than Black (Original Soundtrack)". Discogs. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  29. ^ Loo, Egan (12 January 2012). "Maaya Sakamoto Sings Code Geass: Akito the Exiled Theme". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  30. ^ Loo, Egan (13 December 2013). "Etsuko Yakushimaru, Yoko Kanno Make Space Dandy's Ending Song". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  31. ^ "Staff-Cast | TVアニメ『残響のテロル』公式サイト". terror-in-tokyo.com (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  32. ^ Loo, Egan (7 May 2015). "Yoko Kanno Composes Aquarion Logos Opening Song by May'n". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  33. ^ Mateo, Alex (27 August 2021). "Yoko Kanno Composes New Macross Frontier Theatrical Film Short's Theme Song". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  34. ^ Japan, Billboard (25 September 2023). "Ado's 'Kurakura' Featured as 'SPYxFAMILY' Season 2 Opener: See the Trailer". Billboard. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  35. ^ "Napple Tale: Arsia in Daydream Soundtrack". The Greatest Game Music. 29 November 2019. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  36. ^ Niizumi, Hirohiko (13 September 2005). "Yoko Kanno scoring Ragnarok Online 2". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  37. ^ Sherman, Jennifer (7 November 2018). "Starwing Paradox Game's 2nd Animated Promo Video Previews Yoko Kanno's Theme Song". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  38. ^ Luster, Joseph (10 November 2018). "Sample Yoko Kanno's Starwing Paradox Theme Song in Latest Promo". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  39. ^ Romano, Sal (12 January 2023). "COLOPL announces free-to-play 3D action RPG Volzerk: Monsters and Lands Unknown for PC, iOS, and Android". Gematsu. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  40. ^ "NHK Taiga Drama Onna Joushu Naotora Ongaku Toranomaki Santora (Original Soundtrack) [Blu-spec CD2]". CDJapan. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  41. ^ Freer, Ian (24 January 2023). "The Makanai: Cooking For The Maiko House Review". Empire. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  42. ^ ""Umimachi Diary (Our Little Sister) (Movie)" Original Soundtrack". CDJapan. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  43. ^ "Grand Funk Inc. Official Website". Grandfunk.net. Archived from the original on 30 March 2007. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  44. ^ "Ben del Maestro". IMDB. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
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