Zakaria Amara (born August 18, 1985) is one of 17 people detained on June 2 and 3, 2006, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the 2006 Toronto terrorism arrests. He was convicted for planning to launch terrorist attacks against targets in Southern Ontario and was believed to be one of the ringleaders. A dual Canadian-Jordanian citizen at the time of his arrest, Amara was stripped of his Canadian citizenship on September 26, 2015.[3] However, on June 19, 2017, his Canadian citizenship was automatically restored following the passage of Bill C-6.[4]
Zakaria Amara | |
|---|---|
| Born | August 18, 1985 |
| Citizenship | Jordanian (1985–present) Canadian (1985–2015; 2017–present) |
| Criminal status | Incarcerated |
| Conviction(s) | Pleaded Guilty:
|
| Criminal charge | 2006 Toronto terrorism arrests
|
| Penalty | Life imprisonment; eligible for parole in 2016. |
Life
editAmara was born in Jordan and baptized as an Orthodox Christian.[1][2] He moved to Saudi Arabia at the age of four, and converted to Islam at the age of ten.[2] Amara moved to Cyprus, his mother's home country, when he was 10 and stayed there until 1997, when he immigrated to Canada at the age of 13.[2]
As a child, Amara attended Meadowvale Secondary School, as well as Milton District High School. He married, moved into a basement apartment with his in-laws on Periwinkle Crescent, and enrolled at Humber College where he was studying Electronics Engineering Technology.
Described as "funny" and "sociable",[5] he worked part-time as a Canadian Tire gas station attendant to offset costs of his schooling.[6] Amara was an Honour Roll student in high school and later dropped out of Ryerson University.
Terrorist activities
editAmara is considered one of the ringleaders in the plot and was originally close to Fahim Ahmad. He grew tired with his lack of action and broke away from Ahmed's group.[7]
He had looked at websites which led investigators to believe he was trying to find instructions on bomb making.[5]
In February 2006, Mubin Shaikh reported to police that Amara had shown him a primitive detonator he had built to be activated by cell phone.[5] This led investigators to "gain access" to Amara's apartment and study the device.[8] He is alleged to have brought Shareef Abdelhaleem into his plot,[9][10] giving him money. Abdelhaleem then gave C$2,000 to an unidentified police mole in the case as a "downpayment" on 3 tonnes[7] of ammonium nitrate which the mole claimed he would purchase.[8]
Arrest
editThe Mississauga apartment of the 20-year-old Amara was surrounded by police, who positioned snipers on the rooftops of nearby houses. Neighbours brought lawn chairs into their yards, made popcorn and enjoyed watching the three-hour spectacle that entailed Amara's arrest to the end.[6]
His solicitor, David Kolinsky, has claimed that Amara was mistreated by a prison guard, after being allegedly abused while being searched.
On September 19, 2006, Amara was denied bail in a Brampton courtroom.
Trial
editAmara was charged with four offences under Canada's Anti-terrorism Act: two counts of receiving terrorist training and participating in a terrorist group, one count of recruiting for a terrorist group and one count of intent to set off an explosion with the aim of causing bodily harm or great damage.
As a result of preferred direct indictment by the Crown Attorney on 24 September 2007, Amara was rearrested and charged with knowingly instructing a person to carry out an activity for the benefit of a terrorist group.[11]
On October 8, 2009, Amara pleaded guilty to two counts: "knowingly participating in a terrorist group and intending to cause an explosion for the benefit of a terrorist group".[12]
Amara stated he had learned how to construct a fertilizer bomb over the internet and planned to use it on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officials say the type of bomb he was constructing could have killed hundreds after they reconstructed his techniques.[13]
On January 18, 2010, Amara was sentenced 21 months' imprisonment for the camp plot. In arriving at that sentence, the judge credited Amara with seven years and three months for the 43 months, 2 weeks and 4 days that he had spent in pre-sentence custody. Hence, on that count, he received the equivalent of a nine-year sentence and did not contest that sentence on appeal.[14]
On January 21, 2010, Amara's sentence was extended to life imprisonment. Mr. Justice Bruce Durno's decision is the stiffest punishment imposed in the terrorism conspiracy and also the stiffest punishment imposed to date under Canada's antiterrorism laws, which Parliament passed in the aftermath of al-Qaeda's 2001 terrorist attacks against the United States.[15] Amara is ineligible for parole before 2016.[1]
Imprisonment and parole
editA week before his sentence Amara released a public statement apologizing for his actions and renouncing extremism.[16]
While serving his sentence, Amara received a letter in September 2015 saying his Canadian citizenship had been revoked, making it possible he would be deported to Jordan when he gets out of prison.[2] On February 25, 2016, the Canadian government introduced legislation that could allow Amara to regain his Canadian citizenship.[17] Immigration Minister Ahmed Hussen confirmed during an interview in March 2017 that Amara's citizenship would be restored following Bill C-6's passage, and on June 19, 2017 he regained his Canadian citizenship. Amara was the only person whose citizenship was stripped under the Conservative government's Bill C-24.[4]
Amara was granted day parole in November 2022 and has since found employment. In a decision to extend his parole in 2023, a panel of the Parole Board of Canada described him as, "committed to [his] long-term rehabilitation and [his] reintegration into the community has gone well to date.”[18]
References
edit- ^ a b c Canadian Press (28 September 2015). "Toronto 18's Zakaria Amara among 1st to lose citizenship under Bill C-24". CBC News. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Bell Stewart (26 September 2015). "Canada revokes citizenship of Toronto 18 ringleader using new anti-terror law". National Post. Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "Canada revokes citizenship of Toronto 18 ringleader using new anti-terror law". 26 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27. Retrieved 2015-09-26.
- ^ a b "Immigration minister defends legislation that prevents convicted dual nationals from losing citizenship". National Post. 1 March 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
- ^ a b c PBS, Frontline, Canada: The Cell Next Door Archived 2017-10-27 at the Wayback Machine, January 30, 2007
- ^ a b MacBride, Craig. Mississauga News, Terror charges shock Meadowvale students[permanent dead link], June 5, 2006
- ^ a b Teotonio, Isabel. "Toronto 18". The Star. Toronto. Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
- ^ a b CBC, Among the Believers; Timeline Archived 2013-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Freeze, Colin (7 June 2006). "How the police watched the plan unfold". The Globe and Mail. p. A1.
- ^ Thomas, Vanessa and Make Becker. Buffalo News, A portrait of terrorist suspects Archived 2012-12-06 at archive.today, June 5, 2006.
- ^ Teotonio, Isabel (2007-09-24). "Homegrown terror case goes to trial". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
- ^ "Alleged Toronto 18 ringleader pleads guilty". CBC News. 2009-10-08. Archived from the original on October 10, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ "Canada jails truck bomb plotter". BBC News. January 18, 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-01-19. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- ^ "Zakaria Amara v. Her Majesty the Queen". Supreme Court of Canada. Retrieved 23 April 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Freeze, Colin (18 January 2010). "Terrorist mastermind given life sentence". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on 2010-01-21. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ^ "Canada jails Toronto truck bomb plotter Zakaria Amara". BBC News. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-01-19. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ^ Parry, Tom (25 February 2016). "Liberals move to overhaul rules on revoking, granting citizenship". CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 2016-02-27. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ "Toronto 18 jihadi terror boss now works in an Ontario watch shop on day parole". National Post. 10 August 2023.