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Translingual
editHan character
edit舵 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜十心 (HYJP), four-corner 23411, composition ⿰舟它)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1010, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30400
- Dae Jaweon: page 1468, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3060, character 6
- Unihan data for U+8235
Chinese
edittrad. | 舵 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 舵 | |
alternative forms | 舦 Cantonese 艜/𰰏 Cantonese 柁 Southern Min |
Glyph origin
editPhono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'aːlʔ) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).
Etymology
editAttested late, in Shiming as 柂 and Guangyun as 舵.
Shiming connects it to 拖 (OC *l̥ˤaj, “to drag, to pull, to haul”). Meanwhile, Schuessler (2007) considers it an areal word; compare Vietnamese lái (“to drive (a wheeled vehicle), to steer (a vessel), etc.”) and Thai ท้าย (táai, “stern; back; rear end”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): do4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): to5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): due3
- Northern Min (KCR): duòi
- Eastern Min (BUC): duâi / dò̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6du
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): do4 / do5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: duò
- Wade–Giles: to4
- Yale: dwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
- Palladius: до (do)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: do4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: do
- Sinological IPA (key): /to²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: to4 / to5 / taai5
- Yale: tòh / tóh / táaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: to4 / to5 / taai5
- Guangdong Romanization: to4 / to5 / tai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔː²¹/, /tʰɔː¹³/, /tʰaːi̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- to5 - literary;
- to4 - vernacular (read as 砣, usually in compounds in the sense of “rudder”);
- taai5 - vernacular (“rudder; steering”).
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ho3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hᵘɔ²²/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: to5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: to
- Hakka Romanization System: do
- Hagfa Pinyim: do4
- Sinological IPA: /to⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: due3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuɤ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: duòi
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuɛ⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi / dò̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuɑi²⁴²/, /to⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- duâi - vernacular;
- dò̤ - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō
- Tâi-lô: tō
- Phofsit Daibuun: doi
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /to²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ
- Tâi-lô: tǒ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /to²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: tǒo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōa
- Tâi-lô: tuā
- Phofsit Daibuun: doa
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tua²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tua³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tuǎnn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi
- Tâi-lô: tāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: dai
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tai³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tai²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎi
- Tâi-lô: tǎi
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tai²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- tō/tǒ/tǒ͘ - literary;
- tōa/tǒa, tāi/tǎi - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: daX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤajʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːlʔ/
Definitions
edit舵
Compounds
editReferences
editJapanese
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
舵 |
かじ Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
/kadi/ → /kad͡ʑi/
From Old Japanese. This originally referred to a single oar-like device attached to the back of a small boat and swept from side to side to propel the boat forward. This was also used for steering, and over time, the “single back oar” sense was largely superseded by the “steering device” sense.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (nautical) the rudder of a boat or ship
- (nautical, aeronautics) the helm, tiller, or wheel of a boat or ship, or of an aircraft
- (figurative) a position of leadership or control
- (nautical) a single oar-like device attached to the back of a small boat and swept from side to side to propel the boat forward
Synonyms
edit- (rudder): 舵板 (kajiban, literally “rudder board”)
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
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