From ꜣm (“is grasped”) + .s (“she, it”) or ꜣm (“is grasped”) + sj (“she, it”), thus literally ‘it is grasped’.[1]
m
- a type of club or mace, the ames-sceptre, used as a weapon by the king and the gods [since the Pyramid Texts]
- an epithet of the god Osiris [Greco-Roman Period]
Declension of ꜣms (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣms
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| ꜣms
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ꜣms
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ꜣms
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jms
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ꜣms
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ꜣms
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[Late Period]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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3-lit.
- (intransitive) to wield the ames-sceptre [Pyramid Texts]
Conjugation of ꜣms (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣms, geminated stem: ꜣmss
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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ꜣms
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ꜣmsw, ꜣms
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ꜣmst
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ꜣms
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ꜣms
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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ꜣms
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ḥr ꜣms
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m ꜣms
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r ꜣms
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
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active
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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| perfect
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ꜣms.n
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consecutive
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ꜣms.jn
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| terminative
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ꜣmst
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| perfective3
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ꜣms
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obligative1
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ꜣms.ḫr
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| imperfective
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ꜣms
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| prospective3
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ꜣms
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potentialis1
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ꜣms.kꜣ
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| subjunctive
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ꜣms
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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ꜣms.n
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—
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—
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| perfective
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ꜣms
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ꜣms
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ꜣms, ꜣmsw5, ꜣmsy5
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| imperfective
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ꜣms, ꜣmsy, ꜣmsw5
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ꜣms, ꜣmsj6, ꜣmsy6
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ꜣms, ꜣmsw5
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| prospective
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ꜣms, ꜣmstj7
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ꜣmstj4, ꜣmst4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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3-lit.
- (transitive) Only used in ꜣms-jb (“to be(come) happy, to be(come) cordial”)
Conjugation of ꜣms (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣms, geminated stem: ꜣmss
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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ꜣms
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ꜣmsw, ꜣms
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ꜣmst
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ꜣms
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ꜣms
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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ꜣms
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ḥr ꜣms
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m ꜣms
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r ꜣms
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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ꜣms.n
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ꜣmsw, ꜣms
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consecutive
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ꜣms.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| terminative
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ꜣmst
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| perfective3
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ꜣms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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ꜣms.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| imperfective
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ꜣms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| prospective3
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ꜣms
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ꜣmss
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potentialis1
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ꜣms.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| subjunctive
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ꜣms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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passive
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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ꜣms.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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| perfective
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ꜣms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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ꜣms
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ꜣms, ꜣmsw5, ꜣmsy5
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| imperfective
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ꜣms, ꜣmsy, ꜣmsw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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ꜣms, ꜣmsj6, ꜣmsy6
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ꜣms, ꜣmsw5
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| prospective
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ꜣms, ꜣmstj7
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—
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ꜣmstj4, ꜣmst4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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See the forms at ꜣms-jb.
m
- Alternative form of jwms (“exaggeration, nonsense”)
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 11.3–11.7, 11
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 3
- ^ Gundacker, Roman (2011) “On the Etymology of the Egyptian Crown Name mrsw.t*: An “Irregular” Subgroup of m-Prefix Formations” in Lingua Aegyptia, volume 19, page 38
