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Wiktionary

새

새 U+C0C8, 새
HANGUL SYLLABLE SAE
Composition:ㅅ + ㅐ
← 샇
[U+C0C7] 		Hangul Syllables 색 →
[U+C0C9]
새색샊샋샌샍샎
샏샐샑샒샓샔샕
샖샗샘샙샚샛샜
생샞샟샠샡샢샣
사 ←→ 샤
See also: 새- and -새

Korean

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Etymology 1

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First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 새〯 (Yale: sǎy), the rising pitch implying an earlier bisyllabic form *saCi, which is reflected in Jeju 생이 (saeng'i) and 상이 (sang'i), and dialectal 사이 (sai, Gyeonggi, South Chungcheong, Hwanghae).

Compare also Japanese 鷺(さぎ) (sagi, “heron, egret”).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɛ(ː)] ~ [sʰe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [새(ː)/세(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sae
McCune–Reischauer?sae
Yale Romanization?sāy
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 새의 / 새에 / 새까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

Noun

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새 (sae, “bird”)

새 • (sae)

  1. bird (in general)
    Synonym: (academic) 조류(鳥類) (joryu)
    새가 힘차게 날개를 치며 저 하늘을 향해 활활 날아올랐다.
    Sae-ga himchage nalgae-reul chimyeo jeo haneur-eul hyanghae hwalhwal naraollatda.
    The bird soared to the skies, mightily flapping its wings.
    새들이 나뭇가지 위에 앉아 짹짹 지저귀며 노래하고 있다.
    Sae-deur-i namutgaji wi-e anja jjaekjjaek jijeogwi-myeo noraehago itda.
    There are birds chirping and singing on a tree branch.
Derived terms
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Derived terms
See also
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Etymology 2

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First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 새〮 (Yale: sáy).

Originally in Middle Korean, in addition to being a determiner, the term also functioned as a noun meaning "something new". However, that is no longer the case in Modern Korean, and its remnant—albeit less transparent to the modern speaker—survives in certain constructions such as 새로 (saero, “newly”, literally “as something new”).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sae
McCune–Reischauer?sae
Yale Romanization?say

Determiner

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새 • (sae)

  1. new, novel; fresh
    Antonyms: 옛 (yet, “old; previous”), 헌 (heon, “worn out; used”)
    길고 길었던 밤이 새니 이윽고 세상에 새 날이 밝았다.
    Gilgo gireot-deon bam-i saeni ieukgo sesang-e sae nar-i balgatda.
    The long night has passed, and a new day has dawned upon the world.
    우리에게는 참신한 새 아이디어들이 절실히 필요하다.
    Uri-ege-neun chamsinhan sae aidieo-deur-i jeolsilhi piryohada.
    We are desperately in need of original and fresh ideas.
Derived terms
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Derived terms
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Related terms
See also
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Etymology 3

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Regular contraction from 사이 (sai, “gap; space between”).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɛ(ː)] ~ [sʰe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [새(ː)/세(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sae
McCune–Reischauer?sae
Yale Romanization?sāy

Noun

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새 • (sae)

  1. Contraction of 사이 (sai, “gap; space between”).
    • 1987, “어젯밤 이야기 (eojetbam iyagi) [Last Night Story]”, 박건호 / 朴建浩 (Bak Geonho) [Park Gun-ho] (lyrics), performed by 소방차 (Sobangcha):
      쉴 새 없는 음악
      swil sae eomneun eumak
      unending music
      (literally, “music that has no space to rest”)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 4

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First attested in the Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong eonhae (妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해), 1463, as Middle Korean 새〯 (Yale: sǎy).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sae
McCune–Reischauer?sae
Yale Romanization?say

Noun

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새 (sae, “Arundinella hirta”)

새 • (sae) (uncommon in isolation)

  1. a general term for any plant from the family Poaceae: the true grasses
    1. (specifically) Arundinella hirta (a type of grass native to East Asia)
      Synonym: 야고초(野古草) (yagocho)
    2. Short for 억새 (eoksae): silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
  2. straw thatch used for roofing
    Synonym: 이엉 (ieong, “straw thatch”)
See also
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Etymology 5

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Sino-Korean word from 璽.

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sae
McCune–Reischauer?sae
Yale Romanization?say

Noun

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새 • (sae) (hanja 璽)

  1. Synonym of 국새(國璽) (guksae, “royal seal; state seal”)
Derived terms
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Etymology 6

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Ultimately from Middle Korean 사ᄫᅵ〮 (Yale: sàWí). Presumably a borrowing from central Korean into the local dialect rather than the traditional dialectal form, which would be 새비 (saebi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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새 • (sae)

  1. (southern Gyeongsang) Dialectal form of 새우 (sae'u, “shrimp”)
Synonyms
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Historical and regional synonyms of 새우 (sae'u, “shrimp; prawn”)
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GroupRegionLocationWords
Standardised formsSouth Korean Standard Language새우 (sae'u) (general), 생이 (saeng'i) (small freshwater), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small freshwater), 토하 (toha) (small freshwater), 징거미 (jinggeomi) (large freshwater), 대하 (daeha) (large marine)
North Korean Cultured Language새우 (sae'u) (general)
Historical formsMiddle Korean사ᄫᅵ〮 (sàWí)
Early Modern Seoul Korean새요 (saeyo), 새오 (sae'o), 새우 (sae'u) (from 19th c.)
Central KoreanGyeonggiModern colloquial Seoul새우 (se'u) (general), 생이 (seng'i) (small freshwater), 새뱅이 (sebeng'i) (small freshwater), 토하 (toha) (small freshwater), 징거미 (jinggeomi) (large freshwater), 대하 (deha) (large marine)
Traditional Seoul새우 (sae'u) (large), 생이 (saeng'i) (small)
Kaesong새우 (sae'u) (large), 생이 (saeng'i) (small)
Changpung새우 (sae'u) (large), 생이 (saeng'i) (small)
Yeoncheon새우 (sae'u) (large), 생이 (saeng'i) (small)
Paju새우 (sae'u), 대하 (daeha) (large marine)
Pocheon새우 (sae'u), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small freshwater)
Ganghwa새우 (sae'u), 대와 (daewa) (large marine)
Yangpyeong새오 (sae'o) (small freshwater), 생오 (saeng'o) (small marine), 징게미 (jing:gemi) (large)
Hwaseong새우 (sae'u), 새갱이 (saegaeng'i) (freshwater), 대화 (daehwa) (large marine)
Yongin새우 (sae'u), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i)
Icheon새우 (sae'u) (esp. marine), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (esp. freshwater)
YeongseoChuncheon새우 (sae'u)
Wonju새우 (sae'u), 생이 (saeng'i), 징게미 (jing:gemi) (large freshwater)
Kosan새우 (sae'u)
Pyonggang새우 (sae'u)
Cheorwon새우 (sae'u)
Inje새우 (sae'u), 징게미 (jing:gemi) (large freshwater)
Hongcheon새우 (sae'u) (general), 징게미 (jing:gemi) (large marine)
Hoengseong새우 (sae'u)
YeongdongGangneung생오 (sáengò)
Wonsan새비 (saebi)
Kumya새비 (saebi)
Kowon새비 (saebi)
Munchon새비 (saebi)
Anbyeon새비 (saebi)
Tongchon새비 (saebi)
Kosong새비 (saebi), 새우 (sae'u)
Yangyang새우 (sae'u)
Samcheok생오 (séngò)
Pyeongchang새우 (sae'u), 생우 (saeng'u) (marine)
Yeongwol새우 (sáeù)
Jeongseon새우 (sae'u)
North ChungcheongCheongju새우 (sae'u) (large), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small), 징개미 (jing:gaemi) (large freshwater)
Jincheon새우 (sae'u) (large), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small)
Chungju새우 (sae'u) (large), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small)
Jecheon새우 (sae'u) (large), 새배이 (saebaei) (small freshwater), 태화 (taehwa) (large marine), 징개미 (jinggaemi) (large freshwater)
Danyang새우 (sae'u) (freshwater or small marine), 태화 (taehwa) (large marine), 징기미 (jinggimi) (large marine)
Goesan새우 (sae'u) (large), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small), 징개미 (jinggaemi) (large freshwater)
Boeun새우 (sae'u) (large), 새부랭이 (saeburaeng'i) (small), 징기미 (jing:gimi) (large freshwater), 새오 (sae'o), 대하 (daeha) (large marine)
Okcheon새우 (sae'u), 사뱅이 (sabaeng'i), 징개미 (jing:gaemi) (large)
Yeongdong새우 (sae'u) (large), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small), 징기미 (jing:gimi) (large freshwater), 대하 (daeha) (large marine)
South ChungcheongDaejeon새우 (sae'u), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater)
Seosan새우 (sae'u) (large), 새오 (sae'o), 대와 (daewa) (large marine)
Cheonan새우 (sae'u) (large), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater), 대하 (daeha) (large marine)
Yesan새우 (sae'u), 새오 (sae'o), 대화 (daehwa) (large marine)
Hongseong새우 (sae'u) (large), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small)
Cheongyang새우 (sae'u) (large), 새오 (sae'o)
Gongju새우 (sae'u) (large), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i) (small), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large)
Yeongi새우 (sae'u) (large)
Boryeong새오 (sae'o)
Buyeo새우 (sae'u) (large)
Seocheon새우 (sae'u) (large), 새웅개 (sae'unggae) (small), 대와 (daewa) (large marine), 중와 (jung'wa) (small marine)
Nonsan새우 (sae'u), 새웅개 (sae'unggae) (small), 대하 (daeha) (large marine)
Geumsan새우 (sae'u) (large), 징개미 (jinggaemi) (large), 새붕개 (saebunggae), 새비 (saebi) (small)
South HwanghaeHaeju새우 (sae'u)
Ongjin새우 (sae'u)
Yonan새우 (sae'u)
Taetan새우 (sae'u)
Chaeryong새우 (sae'u)
Changyon새우 (sae'u)
Anak새우 (sae'u)
Unnyul새우 (sae'u)
North HwanghaeHwangju새우 (sae'u)
Sohung새우 (sae'u)
Kumchon새우 (sae'u)
Singye새우 (sae'u)
Suan새우 (sae'u)
Koksan새우 (sae'u)
Gyeongsang KoreanNorth GyeongsangDaegu쇄비 (swaebi)
Yeongju새우 (sae'u)
Bonghwa새우 (sae'u)
Uljin생오 (saeng'o)
Mungyeong새우 (sae'u)
Yecheon새우 (sae'u) (marine), 새파우 (saepau), 징거마지 (jinggeomaji) (freshwater)
Andong새우 (sae'u) (marine), 징거미 (jinggeomi) (freshwater)
Sangju새비 (saebi) (large marine), 새우 (sae'u) (marine), 사비 (sabi) (marine), 사우 (sau) (small marine), 징'검'사우 (jing geom sau) (freshwater), 미꼬레~이 (mikkorẽi)
Uiseong쌔비 (ssaebi), 쇄비 (swaebi), 징기미 (jinggimi) (large freshwater), 대화 (daehwa) (large marine)
Cheongsong새우 (sae'u), 징기미 (jinggimi) (freshwater)
Yeongdeok새비 (saebi) (marine), 쇄비 (swaebi) (marine), 새우 (sae'u) (freshwater), '쇄 ( swae)
Gimcheon쌔비 (ssaebi)
Pohang새비 (saebi), 쇄비 (swaebi), '쇄 ( swae)
Yeongcheon새비 (saebi)
Goryeong새비 (saebi) (small or general), 치~이까재 (chĩikkajae) (large)
Cheongdo새애비 (saeaebi), 대아 (daea) (large marine)
Gyeongju새우 (sae'u), 쇄비 (swaebi), '쇄 ( swae), 대하 (daeha) (large marine)
Ulleung쇄비 (swaebi)
South GyeongsangBusan새비 (saebi), '새 ( sae), 징기미 (jinggimi) (large freshwater), 찡기미 (jjinggimi) (large freshwater)
Ulsan새애비 (saeaebi), 쇄비 (swaebi), 새우 (sae'u), 징기미 (jinggimi) (large)
Changwon새비 (saebi), 쌔비 (ssaebi), 쌔애비 (ssaeaebi), 쌔우 (ssae'u)
Geochang새비 (saebi), 새우 (sae'u), 쌔우 (ssae'u)
Hapcheon새비 (saebi)
Changnyeong새비 (saebi), 새뱅이 (saebaeng'i), 새애비 (saeaebi), 새우 (sae'u)
Miryang새비 (saebi), 쌔비 (ssaebi), 새우 (sae'u), 찡기미 (jjinggimi) (large freshwater)
Hamyang새비 (saebi) (small), 징기미 (jinggimi) (large)
Sancheong새비 (saebi), 새우 (sae'u), 말찡기미 (maljjinggimi) (large freshwater)
Uiryeong새비 (saebi), 새우 (sae'u), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater)
Hadong새비 (saebi), 쌔비 (ssaebi), 셰비 (syebi), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater), '대'하 ( dae ha) (large marine)
Jinju새비 (saebi) (small), 새오 (sae'o), 징기미 (jinggimi) (large)
Haman새우 (sae'u)
Gimhae새비 (saebi), '새 ( sae), 시애비 (siaebi), 시애 (siae), 새우 (sae'u)
Yangsan새애비 (saeaebi), '새 ( sae), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater)
Sacheon새비 (saebi) (general), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater), 멀찡기미 (meoljjinggimi) (large freshwater)
Goseong새비 (saebi), 쌔비 (ssaebi), 새우 (sae'u)
Namhae새비 (saebi), 새배 (saebae), 대하 (daeha) (large marine), 홍대 (hongdae) (large marine)
Tongyeong새비 (saebi), 새우 (sae'u)
Geoje새비 (saebi), 쌔비 (ssaebi), 쌔애비 (ssaeaebi), 새배 (saebae)
DiasporaYanbian (in general)새우 (sae'u), 징기미 (jinggimi) (large freshwater), 대와 (daewa) (large marine)
Jeolla KoreanNorth JeollaJeonju새웅개 (sae'unggae)
Gunsan새비 (saebi) (small freshwater), 새웅개 (sae'unggae) ( small freshwater), 새우 (sae'u)
Wanju새비 (saebi) (small), 새웅개 (sae'unggae), 질렁구 (jilleonggu) (large freshwater), 대와 (daewa) (large marine)
Jinan새비 (saebi)
Muju새비 (saebi), 새붕개 (saebunggae), 새우 (sae'u), 징개미 (jinggaemi) (large)
Gimje새비 (saebi), 새붕개 (saebunggae), 새웅개 (sae'unggae)
Jeongeup새비 (saebi), 새붕개 (saebunggae), 새웅개 (sae'unggae)
Imsil새비 (saebi), 새우 (sae'u), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater)
Jangsu새비 (saebi)
Gochang새비 (sebi)
Sunchang새비 (saebi)
Namwon새비 (saebi), 새우 (sae'u), 대와 (daewa) (large marine)
South JeollaGwangju새비 (sebi)
Yeonggwang새우 (se'u), 찡거미 (jjinggeomi) (large freshwater), 물거리 (mulgeori) (large freshwater)
Jangseong새비 (sebi)
Damyang새비 (sebi)
Gokseong새비 (sebi), 찡게미 (jjinggemi) (large freshwater), 홍게 (hong:ge) (small freshwater)
Gurye새비 (saebi)
Hampyeong새비 (sebi)
Sinan새비 (sebi), 토하 (toha) (freshwater), 대야 (de:ya) (large marine), 호야 (hoya) (small marine)
Mokpo새비 (sebi)
Naju새비 (sebi)
Hwasun새비 (sebi)
Suncheon새비 (sebi)
Gwangyang새비 (saebi), 쌔비 (ssaebi), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater), 대수리 (daesuri) (large marine)
Yeongam새비 (sebi)
Jindo새비 (sebi), 태와 (tewa) (small freshwater)
Haenam새비 (sebi)
Gangjin새비 (sebi)
Jangheung새비 (sebi)
Boseong새비 (saebi), 징게미 (jinggemi) (large freshwater)
Goheung새비 (saebi)
Yeosu새비 (sebi)
Pyongan KoreanSouth PyonganPyongyang생우 (saeng'u)
Chunghwa생우 (saeng'u)
Sunchon생우지 (saeng'uji)
Sukchon새웅지 (sae'ungji)
Anju새웅지 (sae'ungji)
North PyonganUiju생우지 (saeng'uji)
Pakchon새우 (sae'u)
Chongju새우 (sae'u)
Sonchon새우지 (sae'uji)
Ryongchon생우지 (saeng'uji)
Nyongbyon새우 (sae'u)
Kusong새우 (sae'u)
Huichon새우 (sae'u)
Kanggye새우 (sae'u)
Chasong새우 (sae'u)
Hamgyong KoreanSouth HamgyongHamhung새비 (saebi)
Chongpyong새비 (saebi)
Yonggwang새비 (saebi)
Sinhung새비 (saebi)
Hongwon새비 (saebi)
Pukchong새비 (saebi)
Riwon새비 (saebi)
Tanchon새비 (saebi)
North HamgyongChongjin새비 (saebi)
Kimchaek새비 (saebi)
Kilju새비 (saebi)
Myongchon새비 (saebi)
Puryong새비 (saebi)
Musan새비 (saebi)
Hyesan새비 (saebi)
Kapsan새비 (saebi)
Pungso새비 (saebi)
Kimhyongjik새우 (sae'u)
Yukjin KoreanYukjinKyonghung새비 (sàebí)
Hoeryong새비 (sàebí)
Onsong새비 (sàebí)
Kyongwon새비 (sàebí)
DiasporaHunchun새비 (sàebí)
JejuJeju City새위 (saewi), 사위 (sawi), 새우 (sae'u)
Daejeong새위 (saewi), 사위 (sawi)
Gujwa새위 (saewi), 사위 (sawi), 새비 (saebi)
Seogwipo새위 (saewi)
Many Korean dialects traditionally had a four-way division in words for shrimp (freshwater/marine, large/small). Some surveys are inexact on this matter.
This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas.

Etymology 7

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Not attested in the Middle Korean corpus, wherein the Sino-Korean term had seemingly already replaced any native counterpart in the central dialect.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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새 • (sae)

  1. (obsolete or sailors' jargon) east
    Synonyms: (used nowadays) 동(東) (dong), (used nowadays) 동(東)쪽 (dongjjok)
Usage notes
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Supposedly used in Yukjin, and by certain sailors.

Derived terms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 8

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See the main entries.

Verb

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새 • (sae)

  1. An infinitive form of 새다 (saeda, “to leak”)
  2. An infinitive form of 새다 (saeda, “to dawn”)

Etymology 9

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Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

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새 • (sae)

More information
  1. 塞:
    (MC reading: 塞 (MC sojH))
  2. 璽:
    (MC reading: 璽 (MC sjeX))
  3. 賽:
    (MC reading: 賽 (MC sojH))

Middle Korean

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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새〯 (sǎy) (locative 새〯예〮 (sǎy-yéy))

  1. bird (in general)
    • 1461, 楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해 [Neung-eomgyeong eonhae], page 7:79a:
      고기〮와〮 새〯와〮 거붑〮과〮 ᄇᆡ〮얌괘〮 그 類(ᄅᆔᆼ〮) ᄀᆞᄃᆞᆨᄒᆞ니〮라〮
      kwòkí-Gwá sǎy-Gwá kèpwúp-kwá póyyàm-kwá-y kù LYWÚY kòtòk-hò-nílá
      [Therefore], the [world] has plenty of fish, birds, turtles, snakes, and the like.
Descendants
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  • Korean: 새 (sae)

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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새〮 (sáy)

  1. something new
    • 1465, 圓覺經諺解 / 원각경언해 [Wongakgyeong eonhae], page 4:188b:
      엇〯뎨〮 모로〮매〮 ᄂᆞᆯᄀᆞ〮닐〮 덜〯오〮 새〮ᄅᆞᆯ〮 더으며〮 […]
      ěstyéy mwòlwómáy nòlk-ón-í-l tělGwó sáy-lól tèùmyé […]
      [Then], how shall I drop that which is old and take that which is new, […] ?
Derived terms
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Adverb

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새〮 (sáy)

  1. newly
    Synonym: 새〮로〮 (sáy-lwó)
    • 1447, 釋譜詳節 / 석보상절 [Seokbo sangjeol], page 6:2a:
      沙(상)彌(밍)ᄂᆞᆫ〮 새〮 出(츄ᇙ〮)家(강)ᄒᆞᆫ 사〯ᄅᆞ〮미니〮
      SÀ.MÌ-nón sáy CHYWÚLQ.KÀ-hòn sǎlóm-ìní
      沙彌 [Chinese for "novice Buddhist monk"] is a person who newly became a Buddhist monk.

Determiner

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새〮 (sáy)

  1. new
Descendants
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  • Korean: 새 (sae)
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