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Εἰ μὲν σφάλλεται,
διδάσκειν εὐμενῶς
καὶ τὸ παρορώμενον δεικνύναι.
εἰ δὲ ἀδυνατεῖς,
σεαυτὸν αἰτιᾶσθαι ἢ μηδὲ σεαυτόν.
Clicero [ˈklicɛɾɔ], Hellenized as Κλίκαιρων, preferably in Coptic Ⲕⲗⲓⲕⲁⲓⲣⲱⲛ, is an imitation of the Latin cognomen Cicero the regional Macedonian word кликер (kliker), which means "resourcefulness" or "acumen". For example, one might remark "Му работе кликеро!" (Mu rabote klikero!, 'He, indeed, is resourceful!') when someone offers a clever solution to a problem, albeit the phrase is often used ironically or humorously.
Werner Betz was a German linguist and medievalist. He developed a complex terminology for calques that will be used below, namely, more specifically for compound words, Lehnübersetzung (a "word-by-word" literal loan translation), Lehnübertragung (a loan rendition which has only one corresponding word), and Lehnschöpfung (a loan creation that lacks some nuances of the translated word).
- For concept (which can be literally associated with "grasp"), examples include: German Begriff (a Lehnübertragung since be- doesn't correspond with con-), Macedonian поим (poim) (related to има (ima, “to have, to hold”), however somewhat divergent, thus a Lehnschöpfung), Modern Greek σύλληψη (which can be equated to Latin conceptus, thus a Lehnübersetzung since they have identical prepositional prefixes).
- For development (literally "unfolding"), examples include: Spanish desarrollo (Lehnübersetzung), French development (Lehnübersetzung), German Entwicklung (Lehnübersetzung), and Macedonian развиток (razvitok) and Serbo-Croatian развој (both Lehnübersetzungen). Perhaps all derive from Latin ēvolūtiō, ēvolūtiōnis, which perhaps derives from or is influenced by Ancient Greek ἀνάπτυξις (anáptuxis).
- Macedonian поднесе (podnese) and Serbo-Croatian подносити are apparent Lehnübersetzungen of English suffer, ultimately of Latin suffero, sufferere, where под- ⇔ sub- and носити ⇔ fero, ferere. However, подносити and поднесе (podnese), and English suffer, despite etymological similarity, are semantically divergent (the former meaning to endure rather than to suffer).
- The semantic development of Spanish querer and Italian chiedere (both from Latin Latin quaero (“I ask”), although the Italian word retains the original meaning, the sense of "to want" is used) is analogous to the semantic shift Proto-Slavic *jьskati has undergone in the contemporary sense of the descendant Macedonian сака (saka) and Bulgarian иска (iska).
Reconstructing the old Macedonian case system
edit
Help me complete this declension table if any idea comes to mind. A placeholder word бог is used since it retains some case declensions in fossilized phrases other words do not.
Case |
Singular indefinite |
Singular definite unspecified |
Plural indefinite |
Plural definite unspecified
|
Nominative |
бог |
богот |
богови |
боговите
|
Genitive |
бога |
богатого[1] |
? |
?
|
Dative |
богу |
богутому[1] |
? |
?
|
Accusative |
бога |
богатого[1] |
? |
?
|
Vocative |
боже |
— |
богови |
—
|
Instrumental |
богум,[2] божем (?)[3] |
? |
? |
?
|
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2
The singular definite unspecified declensions in genitive, dative, and accusative are taken and applied from an example of archaic Macedonian dialects found here.
- ^ Attested in the expression збогум (zbogum, “[go] with God”).
- ^ Attested in the conjunction божем (božem, “as if”).
- oneiroctony – the destruction or dismissal of a dream, idea, or project
τὸν φρονεῖν βροτοὺς ὁδώσαντα,
τὸν πάθει μάθος θέντα κυρίως ἔχειν.
στάζει δ᾽ ἔν θ᾽ ὕπνῳ πρὸ καρδίας
μνησιπήμων πόνος: καὶ παρ᾽
ἄκοντας ἦλθε σωφρονεῖν.
δαιμόνων δέ που χάρις βίαιος
σέλμα σεμνὸν ἡμένων.
ΕΛΠΛ Ἕως λύηται πῆμα λήθης, “until the misery of lethe is absolved”.
ДΛΟΠ Дάκρυα λήθης ὀντοπαθείαν ποιϝήσουσιν, “the tears from lethe will create ontopathy”.
ΠΟΑΓ Πόνος ὀντόπαθους ἀξύμπαν γενήσεται, “the toil of the ontopath will become alethia”.
ДΛΑΦ Дαίμονες λήθης ἀξύμπαν φρίσσουσιν, “the demons of lethe collapse to alethia”.
ΕΟΘΡ Ἐλεύθεροτέρα οὐδένως θελημάτων ῥοή, “more arbitrary than nothing the flow of desire”.
ΑΑΑΑ Ἀλήθεια ἀοριστούς ἀξύμπαντι ἄξει, “alethia will lead the aorists to the axympan”.
ΑΜΑΦ Ἀόριστη μετάνοια ἀλήθειαν φύσει, “the aorist metanoia will bring forth alethia”
ΟΟΧΟ Οὐλήθεια οὐ χῶρει ὀντόπαθους, “ulethia does not hold the ontopaths”.
ΟСΑД Ὅρον σχιζοληθείας ἀπόλλυσθαι δεῖ, “the horus of schizolethia must be abandoned”.
ΑΟΑΠ Ἀγάπη οἴσει ἀλήθειαν πᾶσι, “love will bring alethia to all”.