apostrophus
English
editEtymology
editFrom Latin apostrophus.
Noun
editapostrophus (plural apostrophi)
- (archaic) The omission of a vowel or syllable from a word, usually indicated by the apostrophe symbol ( ' ). examples: 'til, can't
- 1640, Ben Jonson, The English Grammar: Book 2: Of Syntax:
- Vowels suffer also this apostrophus before the consonant h.
- 1824, August Matthiä, Copious Greek Grammar - Volume 1, page xxxvi:
- Not that any examples are wanting to prove that the ancients did use the apostrophus in prose; for it was scarecely possible for them not to do so in many instances;
- 1865, Alexander Hume, Henry Benjamin Wheatley, Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue:
- Out of one word, the apostrophus is most usual in poesie;
- (archaic) The apostrophe symbol used to mark this elision.
- 1644, Richard Hodges, The English Primrose:
- The apostrophus or mark of contraction, is the same with the comma, onely the difference is of place; for, this stands not in the line, but over the upper part thereof, where the contraction is:
- 1833, Philipp Buttmann, Edmund Henry Barker, Dr. Philip Buttmann's Intermediate Or Larger Greek Grammar, page 46:
- In the Greek, as in other languages, a short vowel at the end of a word before another vowel, is thrown out by elision, and the apostrophus ' is placed as a mark or sign over the empty space;
- 1842, George Knox Gillespie, The Formative Greek Grammar, page 4:
- This apocope is denoted by the apostrophus ( ' ),
- (music, historical) An open notehead ( ~ ) or an apostrophe ( ' ) used as a neume to mark a low, unaccented syllable at the beginning of a phrase or a short quick syllable
- 1598, William Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost:
- You find not the apostrophus, and so miss the accent. Let me supervise the canzonet.
- 2009, Iain Fenlon, Early Music History, page 66:
- In the early Graduals Benevento VI. 38 and 40, the apostrophus is common in syllabic passages in sequences, tropes and prosulae.
- 2010, Rebecca Maloy, Inside the Offertory: Aspects of Chronology and Transmission, page iv:
- In transcriptions from Ben 34, I have not distinguished the apostrophus from regular notes.
- 2017, John Boe, Chant and Notation in South Italy and Rome before 1300, page 66:
- The early Beneventan apostrophus was optional, instructive and exemplary, suggesting low, quick, unaccented syllables at the start of a phrase (sometimes implying a preceding breath) in the Gregorian Mass Propers and short or quick syllables in tropes, prosulae and sequences.
- The symbol 'Ɔ', used in Roman numerals to indicate multiplication by 10.
- 1862, Richard Hiley, The Elements of Latin Grammar, page 26:
- In every multiplication with ten a fresh apostrophus is added; thus IƆƆ = 5000, IƆƆƆ = 50,000.
- 1878, Ethan Allen Andrews, Grammar of the Latin Language, page 72:
- The annexing of the apostrophus or inverted C (Ɔ) to IƆ makes its value ten times greater;
- 2002, Allied Chambers, The Chambers Dictionary:
- The symbol Ɔ, known as the apostrophus, might be repeated one or more times after IƆ , each Ɔ making the number ten times greater , as IƆƆ = 5000 , ƆƆƆƆ = 500 000.
- 2018, Jan K. Coetzee, Books & Bones & Other Things, page 78:
- Anno CIƆ IƆ C LXXXVI. (Apostrophus numbering): In the year 1686
Latin
editEtymology
editFrom Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, literally “turned back”), from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /aˈpos.tro.pʰus/, [äˈpɔs̠t̪rɔpʰʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /aˈpos.tro.fus/, [äˈpɔst̪rofus]
Noun
editapostrophus m (genitive apostrophī); second declension
- (Late Latin, orthography) The symbol '; apostrophe
Declension
editSecond-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | apostrophus | apostrophī |
Genitive | apostrophī | apostrophōrum |
Dative | apostrophō | apostrophīs |
Accusative | apostrophum | apostrophōs |
Ablative | apostrophō | apostrophīs |
Vocative | apostrophe | apostrophī |
Descendants
editDescendants of apostrophus
- → Albanian: apostrof
- → Asturian: apóstrofe (learned)
- → Catalan: apòstrof (learned)
- → Czech: apostrof
- → Danish: apostrof
- → Dutch: apostrof, apostrophe (archaic)
- → Esperanto: apostrofo
- → French: apostrophe (learned)
- → German: Apostroph
- → Italian: apostrofo (learned)
- → Luxembourgish: Apostroph
- → Latvian: apostrofs
- → Lithuanian: apostròfas
- → Macedonian: апостроф (apostrof)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: apostrof
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: apostrof
- → Polish: apostrof
- → Portuguese: apóstrofo (learned)
- → Serbo-Croatian: àpostrof
- → Slovene: apostrọ̑f
- → Spanish: apóstrofo (learned)
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English terms with archaic senses
- English terms with quotations
- en:Music
- English terms with historical senses
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 4-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Late Latin
- la:Orthography