dmj

Egyptian

FWOTD – 23 June 2023

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼiːmVɾ/ → /ˈtʼiːmVʔ/ → /ˈtʼiːma/ → /ˈtʼiːmə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼiːmVɾ/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼiːmVʔ/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼiːma/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼiːmə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /dɛmi/
  • Conventional anglicization: demi

Noun

 m

1. harbor, mooring
   • c. 1859 BCE – 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B2 (pAmherst 2 and pBerlin 3025) lines 101–103:

     jr sqdd ẖr.f nj sꜣḥ.n.f tꜣ nj mjn.n dpwt.f r dmj.s

     As for him who sails with it, he cannot set foot on land, and his boat cannot moor at its harbor.

2. locality, quarter, town
   • c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 11–12:

     nj sḏr z ḥqr.w r dmj.j

     No one went to bed hungry in my district.

3. dry land, ground not covered by water [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Declension of dmj (masculine)

singular	dmj
dual	dmjwj
plural	dmjw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of dmj  

dmj	dmj

Derived terms

• spr r dmj

 

Descendants

• Demotic: tmj
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϯⲙⲉ (time)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϯⲙⲓ (timi), ⲧⲓⲙⲓ (timi)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϯⲙⲓ (timi), ⲧⲓⲙⲓ (timi)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϯⲙⲉ (time)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϯⲙⲉ (time), ⲧⲓⲙⲉ (time)
• ⇒? Coptic: ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲁϯ (tamiati)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /dɛmi/
  • Conventional anglicization: demi

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to touch
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 136–138:

     
     

     wn.k(w) r.f dmꜣ.kw ḥr ẖt.j dmj.n.j zꜣtw m bꜣḥ.f

     At that I was stretched out on my belly, having touched the ground before him,

2. (transitive) to reach (a place)
3. (transitive) to join with, to attach oneself to (someone) [New Kingdom]
4. (transitive) to take part in (jubilation) [New Kingdom]
5. (transitive) to salve (+ n: someone) with (a salve) [19th Dynasty]

Inflection

Conjugation of dmj (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: dmj

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
dmj	dmjw, dmj	dmjt	dmj	dmj

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
dmj	ḥr dmj	m dmj	r dmj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	dmj.n	dmjw, dmj	consecutive	dmj.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	dmjt
perfective3	dmj	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	dmj.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	dmj	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	dmj	dmj	potentialis1	dmj.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	dmj	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	dmj.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	dmj	active + .tj1, .tw2	dmj	dmj, dmjw5, dmjy5
imperfective	dmj, dmjy, dmjw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	dmj, dmjj6, dmjy6	dmj, dmjw5
prospective	dmj, dmjtj7	—	dmjtj4, dmjt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of dmj  

dmj	dmj

Derived terms

• sdmj

 

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲉ (toume)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲙⲓ (tōmi), ⲧⲟⲙ- (tom-), ⲧⲉⲙ- (tem-), ⲧⲟⲙ⸗ (tom⸗)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲙⲉ (tōōme), ⲧⲱⲙⲉ (tōme)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 453.6–455.3, 455.5–456.7
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 313
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 118, 156, 271, 274, 473.
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) “ϯⲙⲉ”, in Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN