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Latvian

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Etymology

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Originally the iterative form of dialectal dzirst (to perceive, to hear), a variant of dialectal dzirt (to praise, to honor), from Proto-Baltic *gir-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-, *gʷerH- (to produce audible voice; to praise, to welcome). The semantic evolution was from “to praise, to say” to “to produce a voice” to “to perceive a voice, to hear.” Cognates include Lithuanian girdė́ti, Old Prussian gerdant (gerdaut?, to say), Sudovian hirdet (< *girdēt), Sanskrit गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti, to call, to invoke, to praise), गुरते (guráte, to welcome), गी (gī́, word, call, praise).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [dzìɾdɛ̂ːt]
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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dzirdēt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present dzirdu, dzirdi, dzird, past dzirdēju)

  1. to hear (to perceive sounds with one's ears)
    dzirdēt dziesmuto hear a song
    dzirdēt saucienu, čukstusto hear a shout, a whisper
    vai tu mani dzirdi?do you hear me?
    viņš dzirdēja, ka krūmos aizlūst kāds sauss zars, un pietrūkās sēdushe heard that some dry twig broke in the bushes, and quickly sat up (listening)
  2. to hear (to learn, to get to know about something)
    es dzirdēju, ka te celšot jaunu mājuI heard that they'll build a new house here
    viņs to dzirdēja no brāļahe heard it from (his) brother
  3. to hear, to be hearing (to be capable of hearing)
    viņš labi nedzirdhe doesn't hear well
    ne visi dzīvnieki dzirdnot all animals (can) hear

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “dzirdēt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN