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Wiktionary

gast

See also: Gast and gäst

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)

  1. (obsolete) To frighten.

Anagrams

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Breton

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Etymology

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Cognate with Cornish gest, Welsh gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).

Noun

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gast f (plural gisti)

  1. (vulgar, derogatory) whore, bitch

Inflection

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The template Template:br-noun-mutation does not use the parameter(s): 
g=f
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

  Mutation of gast  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular gast c'hast unchanged kast
plural gisti c'histi unchanged kisti

Danish

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Etymology 1

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From Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Doublet of gejst.

Noun

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gast

  1. (obsolete) ghost, revenant
    Synonyms: spøgelse, genganger, genfærd, gespenst

Etymology 2

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From German Gast (“guest”), from Proto-West Germanic *gasti. Doublet of gæst.

Noun

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gast c (singular definite gasten, plural indefinite gaster)

  1. a (unspecialized) crewmember on a ship
    Synonyms: matros, sømand

Further reading

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch gast, from Old Dutch *gast, from Proto-West Germanic *gasti, from Proto-Germanic *gastiz.

Noun

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gast m (plural gasten, diminutive gastje n)

  1. guest
    Synonym: genodigde
    Antonyms: gastheer, gastvrouw
    Ik heb afgelopen week wat familie te gast gehad. ― Some family members stayed with me as guests last week.
  2. (chiefly in combinations) knave, worker, apprentice, delivery boy
    Antonyms: meester, stagemeester
  3. (colloquial) dude, guy
    Synonyms: gozer, vent
    Die gast is echt niet goed bij z'n hoofd. ― That guy really isn't right in the head.
    Zijn broer is best een aardige gast. ― His brother is quite a nice guy.
    Gast, waar heb je het nou helemaal over? ― Dude, what are you even on about?
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Negerhollands: gast

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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gast

  1. inflection of gassen:
    1. second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. (archaic) plural imperative

Gothic

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Romanization

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gast

  1. Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄

Icelandic

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Verb

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gast

  1. singular past indicative of getast

Middle English

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Noun

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gast

  1. Alternative form of gost

Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gāst m

  1. spirit
    sē Hālga Gāst
    the Holy Spirit
    Iċ bēo mid þē on gāste.
    I'll be with you in spirit.
  2. ghost
  3. breath
  4. demon

Declension

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Declension of gāst (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative gāst gāstas
accusative gāst gāstas
genitive gāstes gāsta
dative gāste gāstum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Based on Latin vastus (“uncultivated, unoccupied”)

Noun

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gast oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)

  1. destruction

Adjective

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gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)

  1. destroyed; ravaged; decimated

Descendants

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References

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Old Frisian

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Kēning Richard III and gāstar.

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Cognates include Old English gāst and Old Saxon gēst.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gāst m

  1. ghost, spirit

Descendants

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References

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  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

Old High German

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).

Noun

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gast m (plural gesti)

  1. guest

Declension

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Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)
case singular plural
nominative gast gesti
accusative gast gesti
genitive gastes gesto
dative gaste gestim, gesten
instrumental gastu —

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, whence also Old English ġiest.

Noun

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gast m

  1. guest

Declension

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Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)
singular plural
nominative gast gest
accusative gast gest
genitive gasties gastiō
dative gastie gastium
instrumental — —


Descendants

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  • Middle Low German: gast
    • Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Gast
      Sauerländisch: Gast
      Westmünsterländisch: Gast
    • Plautdietsch: Gaust
    • → Saterland Frisian: Gast
    • → West Frisian: gast

Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology 1

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See gäst

Noun

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gast c

  1. A crew member on a ship
    • 1882, Carl Eneroth, Humoresker till lands och sjös, page 10:
      Gastarne på Gefion hade öfverraskat några makliga sköldpaddor, som tagit sig en stadigare tupplur hitanför Gibraltar, och de der tystlåtna gökarne skänktes bort af kaptenen hit och dit, så att slutligen blott en fans öfrig.
      The crew of the Gefion had surprised a few lazy turtles, who had taken a more substantial nap hither of Gibraltar, and those silent fellows were given away by the captain here and there, so that at last only one remained.

Etymology 2

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From Old Swedish gaster, possibly borrowed from Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

Noun

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gast c

  1. A ghost
    Synonym: vålnad
Usage notes
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The more common word for ghost is spöke.

Declension
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Declension of gast
nominative genitive
singular indefinite gast gasts
definite gasten gastens
plural indefinite gastar gastars
definite gastarna gastarnas
Derived terms
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References

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Anagrams

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Welsh

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Etymology

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Cognate with Cornish gest, Breton gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).

Noun

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gast f (plural geist)

  1. bitch, female dog
    Coordinate term: ci
  2. (vulgar, derogatory, offensive) bitch
  3. (vulgar, derogatory, offensive) whore
    Synonym: putain

Mutation

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Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gast ast ngast unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gast”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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