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Indonesian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Malay peng- -an.

Pronunciation

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Circumfix

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peng- -an

  1. the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]
    terjemah (to translate) → ‎penerjemahan (translation (process))
    tulis (to write) → ‎penulisan (writing)
    serah (to hand over) → ‎penyerahan (surrendering)
  2. the object of an action [base]
    tahu (to know) → ‎pengetahuan (knowledge)
    temu (to meet, to encounter) → ‎penemuan (discovery)
  3. the place of an action [base]
    bakar (to burn) → ‎pembakaran (burning place)
    cuci (to wash) → ‎pencucian (laundry)
    giling (to roll) → ‎penggilingan (mill)

Derived terms

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References

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  • Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (2017) Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia [Standard Grammar of Indonesian Language]‎[1] (in Indonesian), 4 edition, Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, archived from the original on 13 June 2022
  • James N. Sneddon (2010) Indonesian : a comprehensive grammar, 2 edition, London: Roultedge, →ISBN, →OCLC

Malay

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Etymology

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Combination of affixes peng- and -an.

Pronunciation

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  • (before /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /r/, /w/, /j/) IPA(key): /pə an/
  • (before /b/, /p/, /f/) IPA(key): /pəm an/
  • (before /t͡ʃ/, /d/, /d͡ʒ/, /t/, /z/) IPA(key): /pən an/
  • (before /ɡ/, /h/, /k/, vowels) IPA(key): /pəŋ an/
  • (before /s/) IPA(key): /pəɲ an/
  • (before monosyllabic roots) IPA(key): /pəŋə an/

Circumfix

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peng- -an (Jawi spelling ڤڠ- -ن)

  1. the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]
    terjemah (to translate) → ‎penterjemahan (translation (process))
    tulis (to write) → ‎penulisan (writing)
    serah (to hand over) → ‎penyerahan (surrendering)
  2. the object of an action [base]
    tahu (to know) → ‎pengetahuan (knowledge)
    temu (to meet, to encounter) → ‎penemuan (discovery)
  3. the place of an action [base]
    gantung (to hang) → ‎penggantungan (hanging place)
    cuci (to wash) → ‎pencucian (laundry)
    darat (land) → ‎pendaratan (landing place)

Derived terms

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References

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  • Karim, Nik Safiah, M. Onn, Farid, Haji Musa, Hashim, Mahmood, Abdul Hamid (2008) Tatabahasa Dewan[2] (in Malay), 3 edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, pages 121–126