soul
English
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”), of uncertain ultimate origin (see there for further information). Cognate with Scots saul, sowel (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel, Icelandic sál, Finnish sielu may have come from Old English sāwol.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- enPR: sōl
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /səʊl/, [sɒʊɫ]
- (New Zealand, General Australian) IPA(key): /sɐʉl/, [sɒʊɫ]
- (General American) IPA(key): /soʊl/
- (Canada) IPA(key): [so̞ːɫ]
Audio (General American): (file)
- Rhymes: -əʊl
- Homophones: Seoul, sole, sowl
Noun
editsoul (countable and uncountable, plural souls)
- (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death.
- 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid
- "Among the daughters of the air," answered one of them. "A mermaid has not an immortal soul, nor can she obtain one unless she wins the love of a human being. On the power of another hangs her eternal destiny. But the daughters of the air, although they do not possess an immortal soul, can, by their good deeds, procure one for themselves.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:
- No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or […] . And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.
- 2015 September 15, Toby Fox, Undertale, Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X:
- Flowey: See that heart? That is your SOUL, the very culmination of your being!
- 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid
- The spirit or essence of anything.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.
- 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith[1], Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, →OL, pages 36–37:
- It is possible with only these qualities for a man to be a reasonably efficient President, but there is one thing more needed to make him a great President. It is that quality of soul which makes a man loved by little children, by dumb animals, that quality of soul which makes him a strong help to all those in sorrow or in trouble, that quality which makes him not merely admired, but loved by all the people - the quality of sympathetic understanding of the human heart, of real interest in one's fellow men.
- Life, energy, vigor.
- 1725, [Edward Young], “Satire III. To the Right Honourable Mr. Dodington.”, in Love of Fame, the Universal Passion. In Seven Characteristical Satires, 4th edition, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson […], published 1741, →OCLC, page 52:
- That he vvants Algebra he muſt confeſs. / But not a ſoul to give our arms ſucceſs.
- (music) Soul music.
- A person, especially as one among many.
- 18 January 1915, D. H. Lawrence, letter to William Hopkin
- I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency.
- 18 January 1915, D. H. Lawrence, letter to William Hopkin
- An individual life.
- Fifty souls were lost when the ship sank.
- (mathematics) A kind of submanifold involved in the soul theorem of Riemannian geometry.
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:soul.
Synonyms
edit- (spirit or essence of anything): crux, gist; See also Thesaurus:gist
- (a person): See also Thesaurus:person
Derived terms
edit- after one's own soul
- album-oriented soul
- All Souls' Day
- bare one's soul
- bless my soul
- blue-eyed soul
- body and soul
- brevity is the soul of wit
- brown-eyed soul
- cut away one's soul
- dark night of the soul
- dead soul
- ensoul
- God rest his soul
- heart and soul
- keep body and soul together
- keep soul and body together
- kindred soul
- lay bare one's soul
- life and soul of the party
- lost soul
- may God have mercy on your soul
- neo soul
- neo-soul
- northern soul
- object-soul
- old soul
- pour one's soul out
- pour out one's soul
- psychedelic soul
- rest his soul
- rest one's soul
- sell one's soul
- sell one's soul to the devil
- sell one's soul to the Devil
- shiver my soul
- soul-ale
- soul bell
- soul blues
- soul-blues
- soul brother
- soul cake
- soul-cake
- soul conjecture
- soul-crushing
- soul-crushingly
- soul-destroying
- souled
- soul food
- soul fragment
- soulful
- soulfully
- soulfulness
- soulish
- soul kiss
- soullike
- soul loss
- soul-love
- soulmate, soul mate
- soul music
- soul patch
- soul-search
- soul search
- soul-searcher
- soul searching
- soul-searching
- soul-shaking
- soul sister
- soul-stirring
- soul-sucking
- soul theorem
- soul tie
- the eyes are the window to the soul
- tripartite soul
- white soul
- world-soul
- world soul
- world's soul
English terms starting with “soul”
Related terms
editDescendants
editTranslations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
editsoul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)
- (obsolete, transitive) To endow with a soul or mind.
- To beg on All Soul's Day.
- Coordinate term: trick-or-treat
- 1981, Geoffrey Scard, Squire and tenant: life in rural Cheshire, 1760-1900, page 93:
- All Souls' Day was celebrated by souling, a custom going back to pre-Reformation days: soul cakers and mummers toured the village begging for a soul cake — a plain, round, flat cake seasoned with spices.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editBorrowed from French souler (“to satiate”).
Verb
editsoul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)
- (obsolete) To feed or nourish.[1]
- 1741, unknown [formerly attributed to Daniel Defoe], The Life and Adventures of Mrs. Christian Davies, the British Amazon, commonly called Mother Ross: […], 2nd edition, London: Printed for R[ichard] Montagu, →OCLC, part II, page 76:
- During my Stay here, I was going to take Pot-Luck with Colonel Ingram, and accidentally meeting him in the Way, I told him I deſigned to ſoul a Plate with him, [...]
References
edit- ^ “soul”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “soul”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- soul in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- “soul”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams
editCzech
editNoun
editsoul m inan
- soul (music style)
Declension
editThis noun needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading
edit- “soul”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
Finnish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsoul
Declension
editInflection of soul (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | soul | — | |
genitive | soulin | — | |
partitive | soulia | — | |
illative | souliin | — | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | soul | — | |
accusative | nom. | soul | — |
gen. | soulin | ||
genitive | soulin | — | |
partitive | soulia | — | |
inessive | soulissa | — | |
elative | soulista | — | |
illative | souliin | — | |
adessive | soulilla | — | |
ablative | soulilta | — | |
allative | soulille | — | |
essive | soulina | — | |
translative | souliksi | — | |
abessive | soulitta | — | |
instructive | — | — | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of soul (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “soul”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
editFranco-Provençal
editAdjective
editsoul (Piemontais)
References
edit- soul in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
French
editEtymology 1
editSee saoul.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editsoul (feminine soule, masculine plural souls, feminine plural soules)
- post-1990 spelling of soûl, itself an alternative form of saoul (“drunk”)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsoul f (uncountable)
Further reading
edit- “soul”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsoul (usually uncountable, plural soulok)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | soul | soulok |
accusative | soult | soulokat |
dative | soulnak | souloknak |
instrumental | soullal | soulokkal |
causal-final | soulért | soulokért |
translative | soullá | soulokká |
terminative | soulig | soulokig |
essive-formal | soulként | soulokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | soulban | soulokban |
superessive | soulon | soulokon |
adessive | soulnál | souloknál |
illative | soulba | soulokba |
sublative | soulra | soulokra |
allative | soulhoz | soulokhoz |
elative | soulból | soulokból |
delative | soulról | soulokról |
ablative | soultól | souloktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
soulé | souloké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
souléi | soulokéi |
Possessive forms of soul | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | soulom | souljaim |
2nd person sing. | soulod | souljaid |
3rd person sing. | soulja | souljai |
1st person plural | soulunk | souljaink |
2nd person plural | soulotok | souljaitok |
3rd person plural | souljuk | souljaik |
Derived terms
editItalian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈsol/, (careful style) /ˈsowl/[1]
- Rhymes: -ol, (careful style) -owl
- Hyphenation: (careful style) sóul
Noun
editsoul m or f (invariable)
References
edit- ^ soul in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Anagrams
editMiddle English
editNoun
editsoul
- Alternative form of soule
Old French
editAdjective
editsoul m (oblique and nominative feminine singular soule)
- Alternative form of sol
Declension
editPolish
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from English soul, from Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsoul m inan
Declension
editDerived terms
editFurther reading
editPortuguese
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from English soul.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsoul m (uncountable)
- (music) soul music (a music genre combining gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz)
Romanian
editEtymology
editAdjective
editsoul m or f or n (indeclinable)
- soul (music)
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | soul | soul | soul | soul | ||
definite | — | — | — | — | |||
genitive/ dative |
indefinite | soul | soul | soul | soul | ||
definite | — | — | — | — |
Spanish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsoul m (uncountable)
Further reading
edit- “soul”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/əʊl
- Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Religion
- en:Folklore
- English terms with quotations
- en:Music
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Mathematics
- English verbs
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English transitive verbs
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- en:People
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Finnish terms borrowed from English
- Finnish terms derived from English
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/oul
- Rhymes:Finnish/oul/1 syllable
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish risti-type nominals
- Finnish uncountable nouns
- Piemontais
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French adjectives
- French alternative spellings
- French post-1990 spellings
- French terms borrowed from English
- French terms derived from English
- French nouns
- French uncountable nouns
- French feminine nouns
- fr:Musical genres
- Hungarian terms borrowed from English
- Hungarian terms derived from English
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with manual IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with homophones
- Rhymes:Hungarian/oːl
- Rhymes:Hungarian/oːl/1 syllable
- Hungarian uncountable nouns
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:Music
- Italian terms borrowed from English
- Italian terms derived from English
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ol
- Rhymes:Italian/ol/1 syllable
- Rhymes:Italian/owl
- Rhymes:Italian/owl/1 syllable
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- Italian nouns with multiple genders
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Old French lemmas
- Old French adjectives
- Polish terms borrowed from English
- Polish unadapted borrowings from English
- Polish terms derived from English
- Polish terms derived from Middle English
- Polish terms derived from Old English
- Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔwl
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔwl/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish singularia tantum
- pl:Musical genres
- Portuguese terms borrowed from English
- Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English
- Portuguese terms derived from English
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese uncountable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Musical genres
- Romanian terms borrowed from English
- Romanian terms derived from English
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives
- Romanian indeclinable adjectives
- Spanish terms borrowed from English
- Spanish terms derived from English
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/oul
- Rhymes:Spanish/oul/1 syllable
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish uncountable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns