voco

See also: vocò, voĉo, and -voco

Ido

Etymology

Borrowing from English voice, French voix, Italian voce and Spanish voz. Compare Esperanto voĉo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /voˈt͡so/

Noun

voco (plural voci)

1. voice
2. (figuratively) expression of opinion

Derived terms

• mivoce (“in an undertone”)
• senvoceso (“loss of voice, aphonia”)
• voca voto (“viva voce vote”)
• vocala (“vocal, verbal, oral, uttered or relating to the voice”)
• voce (“by word of mouth”)
• voco alta (“high voice”)
• voco basa (“low voice”)
• voco di koncienco (“the voice of conscience”)
• voco klara (“clear voice”)
• voco obskura (“unclear voice”)
• voco publika (“public opinion”)
• voco ruptosona (“broken voice”)
• vocokonduktilo (“voice conductor”)
• vocoreflektilo (“sounding board”)

 

Italian

Verb

voco

1. first-person singular present indicative of vocare

Anagrams

• covo, covò

Latin

Etymology

Denominal from the oblique stem *wokʷ- of vōx (“voice, speech”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯o.koː/, [ˈu̯ɔkoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈvo.ko/, [ˈvɔːko]

Verb

vocō (present infinitive vocāre, perfect active vocāvī, supine vocātum); first conjugation

1. (transitive) to call, summon, beckon (with one's voice)
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.265:

     […] ultro / hortantem et fessas ad pabula nota vocantem

     […] freely / calling them and exhorting the weary insects to eat their familiar food.

   1. (transitive, by extension) to invoke, summon, call upon (a person, especially a god)
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.223:

     “Vāde age, nāte! Vocā Zephyrōs et lābere pennīs, [...].”

     [Jupiter to Mercury:] “Go, [fly] away, my son! Invoke the Zephyrs and glide on the wings [of your sandals], [...].”

   1. (transitive, by extension) to summon, convene, call together
      • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

        Cn. Fuluius Centumalus P. Sulpicius Galba consules cum idibus Martiis magistratum inissent, senatu in Capitolium uocato, de re publica, de administratione belli, de prouinciis exercitibusque patres consuluerunt.

        When the consuls Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus and Publius Sulpicius Galba took up the magistracy on the Ides of March, they summoned the senate to the Capitoline Hill and consulted the senators on issues regarding the state, the handling of the war, the provinces and the armies.

2. (transitive) to name, designate
3. to bring or put (into a state or condition)

   vocare in dubium ― to call into question

Conjugation

   Conjugation of vocō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	vocō	vocās	vocat	vocāmus	vocātis	vocant
	imperfect	vocābam	vocābās	vocābat	vocābāmus	vocābātis	vocābant
	future	vocābō	vocābis	vocābit	vocābimus	vocābitis	vocābunt
	perfect	vocāvī	vocāvistī, vocāstī2	vocāvit, vocāt2	vocāvimus, vocāmus2	vocāvistis, vocāstis2	vocāvērunt, vocārunt, vocāvēre2
	pluperfect	vocāveram, vocāram2	vocāverās, vocārās2	vocāverat, vocārat2	vocāverāmus, vocārāmus2	vocāverātis, vocārātis2	vocāverant, vocārant2
	future perfect	vocāverō, vocārō2	vocāveris, vocāris2	vocāverit, vocārit2	vocāverimus, vocārimus2	vocāveritis, vocāritis2	vocāverint, vocārint2
passive	present	vocor	vocāris, vocāre	vocātur	vocāmur	vocāminī	vocantur
	imperfect	vocābar	vocābāris, vocābāre	vocābātur	vocābāmur	vocābāminī	vocābantur
	future	vocābor	vocāberis, vocābere	vocābitur	vocābimur	vocābiminī	vocābuntur
	perfect	vocātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	vocātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	vocātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	vocem	vocēs	vocet	vocēmus	vocētis	vocent
imperfect	vocārem	vocārēs	vocāret	vocārēmus	vocārētis	vocārent
perfect	vocāverim, vocārim2	vocāverīs, vocārīs2	vocāverit, vocārit2	vocāverīmus, vocārīmus2	vocāverītis, vocārītis2	vocāverint, vocārint2
pluperfect	vocāvissem, vocāssem2	vocāvissēs, vocāssēs2	vocāvisset, vocāsset2	vocāvissēmus, vocāssēmus2	vocāvissētis, vocāssētis2	vocāvissent, vocāssent2
passive	present	vocer	vocēris, vocēre	vocētur	vocēmur	vocēminī	vocentur
imperfect	vocārer	vocārēris, vocārēre	vocārētur	vocārēmur	vocārēminī	vocārentur
perfect	vocātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	vocātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	vocā	—	—	vocāte	—
	future	—	vocātō	vocātō	—	vocātōte	vocantō
passive	present	—	vocāre	—	—	vocāminī	—
	future	—	vocātor	vocātor	—	—	vocantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		vocāre	vocāvisse, vocāsse2	vocātūrum esse	vocārī, vocārier1	vocātum esse	vocātum īrī
participles		vocāns	—	vocātūrus	—	vocātus	vocandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		vocandī	vocandō	vocandum	vocandō	vocātum	vocātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
²At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• advocō
• āvocō
• convocō
• ēvocō
• invocō
• prōvocō
• revocō
• vocābilis
• vocābulum
• vocāmen
• vocātiō
• vocātīvē
• vocātīvus
• vocātor
• vocātus
• *vocicō
• vocitō

 

Related terms

• vocābulum
• vōcālis
• vōcālitās
• vōcāliter
• vocātōrius
• vōcula
• vōculātiō
• vōx

 

Descendants

• Catalan: vogar (possibly)
• Friulian: vogâ (possibly)
• Galician: vogar (possibly)
• Italian: vocare, vogare (possibly)
• Occitan: vogar (possibly)
• Franco-Provençal: voyer
• Portuguese: vogar (possibly)
• Sardinian: abogai, bogai (possibly)
• Spanish: bogar (possibly)
• Sicilian: vucari (possibly)
• Venetan: vogar (possibly)

References

• “voco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “voco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• voco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the middle ages: media quae vocatur aetas
    
  • to be ruined, undone: ad exitium vocari
    
  • to endanger, imperil a person or thing: aliquem, aliquid in periculum (discrimen) adducere, vocare
    
  • to throw doubt upon a thing: in dubium vocare
    
  • to make a thing the subject of controversy: in controversiam vocare, adducere aliquid
    
  • to be contested, become the subject of debate: in controversiam vocari, adduci, venire (De Or. 2. 72. 291)
    
  • to become the object of suspicion: in suspicionem vocari, cadere
    
  • to make a person odious, unpopular: in invidiam, odium (alicuius) vocare aliquem
    
  • to invite some one to dinner: aliquem vocare, invitare ad cenam
    
  • to go through accounts, make a valuation of a thing: ad calculos vocare aliquid (Amic. 16. 58)
    
  • to call a meeting of the senate: senatum vocare, convocare
    
  • to summon some one before the court: in ius, in iudicium vocare aliquem
    
  • (ambiguous) to speak, utter a sound: vocem mittere (sonitum reddere of things)
    
  • (ambiguous) to lower one's voice: vocem summittere
    
  • (ambiguous) to prevent some one from speaking: vocem intercludere (Just. 11. 8. 4)
    
  • (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
    
  • (ambiguous) insulting expressions: voces (verba) contumeliosae
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 691f