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{{Multiple issues|
{{Copyediting|date=October 2023}}
{{POV|date=October 2023}}
}}
{{Short description|Indian saint}}
{{Short description|Indian saint}}
{{Other uses|Dadu (disambiguation)}}
{{Other uses|Dadu (disambiguation)}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Sant Dadu Dayal Ji
| name = Dadu Dayal
| image = Dadudayal.jpg
| image = Dadudayal.jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_date = 1544
| birth_date = 1544
| birth_place = [[Ahemdabad]], [[Gujarat Sultanate]]
| birth_place =
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| death_date = 1603
| death_date = 1603
| death_place = [[Akoda]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<ref name="Britannica">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dadu-Hindu-saint Dadu Hindu saint] at [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online. Retrieved 31 December 2018.</ref>
| death_place = [[Akoda]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<ref name="Britannica">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dadu-Hindu-saint Dadu Hindu saint] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602173250/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dadu-Hindu-saint |date=2 June 2022 }} at [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online. Retrieved 31 December 2018.</ref>
| nationality =
| nationality =
| guru = Bharmanand Ji, Budhan Bhagwan
| guru = Bābā Būḍhāu
| sect = [[Sant Mat]]
| sect = [[Sant Mat]]
| philosophy = [[Bhakti]]
| philosophy = [[Bhakti]]
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| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| signature =
| signature =
| honorific prefix =
}}
}}


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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}


Sant '''Dadu Dayal''' ([[Devanagari]]: संत दादूदयाल जी, {{IAST|Saint Dādūdayāl}}, 1544—1603) was a [[Sant Mat|poet-saint]] from [[Gujarat]], [[India]], a religious reformer who spoke against formalism and priestcraft.
'''Dadu Dayal''' ([[Devanagari]]: दादू दयाल, {{IAST|Saint Dādūdayāl}}, 1544–1603) was a [[Sant Mat|poet-saint]] religious reformer who spoke against formalism and [[priestcraft]] and was active in [[Rajasthan]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
"Dadu" means brother, and "Dayal" means "the compassionate one".<ref>https://www.siddhayoga.org/poetry-of-saints/dadu-dayal</ref>
"Dadu" means brother, and "Dayal" means "the compassionate one".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.siddhayoga.org/poetry-of-saints/dadu-dayal|title=Poet-saint Dadu Dayal|access-date=5 June 2021|archive-date=5 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605162945/https://www.siddhayoga.org/poetry-of-saints/dadu-dayal|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Life==
Dādū Dayāl was born into the [[Pinjara|Piñjārā]]/Dhuniyā caste, but later sources attempted to portray him as a [[Brahmin]]. According to Jangopāl, he was born in [[Ahmedabad]]. However, other sources do not attest to this, nor did Dādū Dayāl have any impact on the city during his lifetime. Dādū Dayāl claimed to have received visions from his guru, Bābā Būḍhāu, at the ages of 11 and 18.<ref name=":0" />


In 1573, his son, Garībdās, was born in the town of [[Sambhar Lake Town|Sambhar]], [[Rajasthan]]. His later children include Maskīndās, Havā, and Bāī. According to Jangopāl, his children were born without sexual intercourse with his wife. However, according to Rāghavdās, they were merely his first four disciples.<ref name=":0" />
==Early life==
Dadu Dayal was born on 1544 in a [[Gaur Brahmin]] family of [[Ahmedabad]] city of Gujarat state (India).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Aakib|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9sxEAAAQBAJ&q=Dadu|title=Complete Rajasthan GK (English)|publisher=SI Publication|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.bharatdiscovery.org/india/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2|title=Dadu Dayal {{!}} Bharatkosh|website=m.bharatdiscovery.org|language=hi|access-date=2021-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nindi Punj |url=http://archive.org/details/DaduPanthReligiousChangeIdentityFormationInJaipurStateJamesHastingsM.Thesis |title=Dadu Panth Religious Change & Identity Formation In Jaipur State James Hastings M. ( Thesis) |language=English}}</ref>


In Sambhar, Dādū Dayāl claimed to hold debates with orthodox religious figures, and preached a "middle path" between various sects. By 1579, Dādū Dayāl and his four children/disciples moved to [[Amber, India|Amber]]. According to the Dādu panthī tradition, Dādū Dayāl visited the court of [[Akbar]] on the invitation of [[Bhagwant Das|Bhagavantdās]], Kachvāhā ruler of Amber. He became increasingly nomadic. He moved to [[Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Karaṛālā]], Naraina where he received land.<ref name=":0" />
==Teachings and legacy==
Dadu Dayal was a spiritual man.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saint Dadu Dayal, the integrator|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mind-matters/saint-dadu-dayal-the-integrator|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref> His work is known as Dadudayal ki Vani / Dadudayal -Ra Duha. He believed in God<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-23|title=Saint Dadu Dayal {{!}}|url=https://www.hinduscriptures.com/gurus/saints-from-east/saint-dadu-dayal/35593/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Hindu Scriptures {{!}} Vedic lifestyle, Scriptures, Vedas, Upanishads, Itihaas, Smrutis, Sanskrit.|language=en-US}}</ref> because At the age of seven [[Kabir]] met him. After meeting with him, he uttered this speech:- Jin moku nij naam diya, soi Satguru hamaar | Dadu doosra koi nahin, Kabir Sirjanhaar |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-27|title=Whom did God Kabir meet: Who has attained the Supreme God?|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/whom-did-god-kabir-meet/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=S A NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref> His many compositions were to establish harmony between Hinduism and Islam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=दादू दयाल {{!}} भारतकोश|url=https://m.bharatdiscovery.org/india/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2|access-date=2021-06-05|website=m.bharatdiscovery.org|language=hi}}</ref>


In 1603, Dādū Dayāl died. His body was left in the wilderness, instead of being cremated or buried as per [[Hindus|Hindu]] or [[Muslims|Muslim]] tradition.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Horstmann |first=Monika |title=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |publisher=Brill |editor-last=Jacobsen |editor-first=Knut A. |chapter=Dādū Dayāl |editor-last2=Basu |editor-first2=Helene |editor-last3=Malinar |editor-first3=Angelika |editor-last4=Narayanan |editor-first4=Vasudha}}</ref>
Dadu Dayal taught [[Ahimsa]] (non-violence) and [[vegetarianism]].<ref>Asfari, Amin. (2019). ''Civility, Nonviolent Resistance, and the New Struggle for Social Justice''. Brill. p. 102. {{ISBN|978-9004417588}}</ref>


==Dadupanth==
==Dadupanth==
{{anchor | Dadupanth}}
{{anchor | Dadupanth}}
{{see also | Sampradaya | Guru–shishya tradition | l2= Parampara | Akhara }}


{{Split section|Dadupanth|date=March 2024}}
⚫
Dadu Dayal later moved to [[Akoda (city)|Naraina]], near [[Jaipur]] [[Rajasthan]], where he gathered around himself a group of followers, forming a sect that became known as the ''[[Dadupanth]]''.{{sfn|Callew|1987|pp=181–190}}<ref name="Britannica" />


⚫
Dadu Dayal later moved to [[Akoda (city)|Naraina]], near [[Jaipur]] [[Rajasthan]], where he gained a group of followers, forming a sect that became known as the ''[[Dadupanth]]''.{{sfn|Callew|1987|pp=181–190}}<ref name="Britannica" />
⚫
Dadupanthis are one of the 7 martial [[akhara]]s of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] [[sampradaya]] of Hindus.{{sfn|Dandekar|1987}} Vaishnavism has following four major sects:<ref name=HinduRakshak1/>
⚫
** Sri founded by Ramananda, Dadupanthis are one of those 7 martial akharas of Vaishnavite in the sec of Ramanada
⚫
** Brahma founded by Madhava
⚫
** Ridra founded by Vishnusuvamin
⚫
** Sanakadi founded by Nimbarka.


⚫
Dadupanthis are one of the 7 martial [[akhara]]s of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] [[sampradaya]] of Hindus.{{sfn|Dandekar|1987}} Vaishnavism has following four major sects:<ref name=HinduRakshak1/>
⚫
Followers of Vaishnavism are also called [[Bairagi Caste|Bairagi]] or Vairagi. Among the Bairagi, those who became part of the military akharas were organised in the 7 akharas founding dates of most of which are unclear. Each of the akhara accepted members from all 4 sects of vaishnavism. Bairagi military akharas generally did not follow the prohibition against eating meat or taking of narcotics.<ref name=HinduRakshak1>David N. Lorenzen, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-YmMWpcVEC&dq=dashnami+akhara+aurangzeb&pg=PA52 Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History], Yoda Press, p.51-65.</ref>
⚫
* Sri, founded by Ramananda. Dadupanthis are one of those 7 martial akharas of Vaishnavite in the sect of Ramanada.
⚫
* Brahma. founded by Madhava.
⚫
* Ridra, founded by Vishnusuvamin
⚫
* Sanakadi, founded by Nimbarka.
⚫
Followers of Vaishnavism are also called [[Bairagi Caste|Bairagi]] or Vairagi. Among the Bairagi, those who became part of the military akharas were organised in the 7 akharas, of which the founding dates are unclear. Each of the akhara accepted members from all 4 sects of Vaishnavism. Bairagi military akharas generally did not follow the prohibition against eating meat or taking narcotics.<ref name=HinduRakshak1>David N. Lorenzen, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-YmMWpcVEC&dq=dashnami+akhara+aurangzeb&pg=PA52 Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426210417/https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-YmMWpcVEC&dq=dashnami+akhara+aurangzeb&pg=PA52 |date=26 April 2023 }}, Yoda Press, p.51-65.</ref>


===Dadu Anubhav Vani===
===Dadu Anubhav Vani===
{{anchor | Dadu Anubhav Vani}}
{{anchor | Dadu Anubhav Vani}}


Dadu's compositions in [[Braj Bhasha|Braj language]] were recorded by his disciple Rajjab and are known as the ''Dadu Anubhav Vani'', a compilation of 5,000 verses. Another disciple, [[Janagopal]], wrote the earliest biography of Dadu.{{sfn|Callew|1987|pp=181–190}}{{sfn|Nayak|1996|p=96}} Dadu alludes to spontaneous (''[[sahaja]]'') bliss in his songs. Much of the imagery used is similar to that used by [[Kabir]], and to that used by earlier [[Sahajiya]] [[Buddhist]]s and [[Nath]] [[yogi]]s. Dadu believed that devotion to God should transcend religious or sectarian affiliation, and that devotees should become non-sectarian or ''"Nipakh"''.<ref>[http://blog.sahajayoga.org/?p=26 Dadu on Realisation] at sahajayoga.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812162422/http://blog.sahajayoga.org/?p=26 |date=12 August 2011 }}</ref> He has something to say about that:{{sfn|Upadhaya|1980|p=10}}
Dadu's compositions in [[Braj Bhasha|Braj language]] were recorded by his disciple Rajjab and are known as the ''Dadu Anubhav Vani'', a compilation of 5,000 verses. Another disciple, [[Janagopal]], wrote the earliest biography of Dadu.{{sfn|Callew|1987|pp=181–190}}{{sfn|Nayak|1996|p=96}} Dadu alludes to spontaneous (''[[sahaja]]'') bless in his songs. Much of the imagery used is similar to that used by [[Kabir]], and to that used by earlier [[Sahajiya]] [[Buddhist]]s and [[Nath]] [[yogi]]s. Dadu believed that devotion to God should transcend religious or sectarian affiliation, and that devotees should become non-sectarian or ''"Nipakh"''.<ref>[http://blog.sahajayoga.org/?p=26 Dadu on Realisation] at sahajayoga.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812162422/http://blog.sahajayoga.org/?p=26 |date=12 August 2011 }}</ref> He has something to say about that:{{sfn|Upadhaya|1980|p=10}}
{{Verse translation
{{Verse translation
|So kāfir jo bolai kāf;
|So kāfir jo bolai kāf;
dil apna nahim rakhe sāf...
dil apna nahim rakhe sāf...
|The infidel is one who tells a lie;
|The infidel is one who tells a lie;
One whose conscience is not clear...}}
One whose conscience isn't
clear...}}


===Dadupanthi Thambas ===
===Dadupanthi Thambas===
{{anchor | Dadupanthi }}
{{anchor | Dadupanthi }}


Dadu had 100 disciples that attained ''[[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhi]]''. He instructed additional 52 disciples to set up ashrams, 'Thambas' around the region to spread the Lord's word.
Dadu had 100 disciples that attained ''[[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhi]]''. He instructed additional 52 disciples to set up ashrams, 'Thambas' around the region to spread the Lord's word.


Dadu ji spent the latter years of his life in [[Naraina railway station|Naraiana]], a small distance away from the town of Dudu, near Jaipur city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://devasthan.rajasthan.gov.in/images/Jaipur/DaduDwara.htm | title=Temple Profile }}</ref>
Dadu ji spent the latter years of his life in [[Naraina railway station|Naraiana]], a small distance away from the town of Dudu, near Jaipur city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://devasthan.rajasthan.gov.in/images/Jaipur/DaduDwara.htm | title=Temple Profile | access-date=18 June 2021 | archive-date=24 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201416/https://devasthan.rajasthan.gov.in/images/Jaipur/DaduDwara.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>


Five thambas are considered sacred by the followers; Naraiana, Bhairanaji, Sambhar, Amer, and Karadala (Kalyanpura). Followers at these thambas later set up other places of worship.
Five thambas are considered sacred by the followers: Naraiana, Bhairanaji, Sambhar, Amer, and Karadala (Kalyanpura). Followers at these thambas later set up other places of worship.


===Dadupanthi Martial Akharas ===
===Dadupanthi Martial Akharas===
{{anchor | Dadupanthi akhara }}
{{anchor | Dadupanthi akhara }}


Armed martial akharas were first likely formed by the Dadupanthi Guru '''Jait Sahib''' (1693 - 1734 CE) when he recruited armed Naga [[Sadhu#Hinduism|sadhu]]s. In 1733, Dadupanthis were tax paying farmers in [[Jaipur State]] and martial Naga Sadhus were employed to enforce the payment of taxes. In 1793, Dadupanthis and Jaipur State had an agreement under which Dadhupanthis provided 5000 armed soldier sadhus to defend the Jaipur State. During the [[1857 rebellion]], Dadupanthis acted as mercenaries who helped [[British raj]].
Armed martial akharas were first likely formed by the Dadupanthi Guru '''Jait Sahib''' (1693–1734 CE) when he recruited armed Naga [[Sadhu#Hinduism|sadhu]]s. In 1733, Dadupanthis were tax paying farmers in [[Jaipur State]], and martial Naga Sadhus were employed to enforce the payment of taxes. In 1793, Dadupanthis and Jaipur State had an agreement under which Dadhupanthis provided 5000 armed soldier sadhus to defend the Jaipur State. During the [[1857 rebellion]], Dadupanthis acted as mercenaries who helped [[British raj]].


===Prominent Dadupanthis===
===Prominent Dadupanthis===


===Present status ===
===Present status===
Dadupanth has continued in Rajasthan to the present-day and has been a major source of early manuscripts containing songs by Dadu and other [[North India]]n saints.{{sfn|Callew|1987|pp=181–190}}
Dadupanth has continued in Rajasthan to the present-day and has been a major source of early manuscripts containing songs by Dadu and other [[North India]]n saints.{{sfn|Callew|1987|pp=181–190}}


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{{portal | Hinduism }}
{{portal | Hinduism }}
* [[Akhara]]
* [[Akhara]]
* [[Bhakti movement]]
* [[Bhakti movement]]
* [[Sampradaya]]
* [[Sampradaya]]
** [[Vaishnavism]] sampradaya
** [[Vaishnavism]] sampradaya
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* {{cite book|surname1=Lorenzen |given1=David N.|author-link1=David N. Lorenzen |year=1995|title=Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action|place=New York|publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpSxJg_ehnIC&pg=PA57 |isbn=978-0-7914-2025-6}}
* {{cite book|surname1=Lorenzen |given1=David N.|author-link1=David N. Lorenzen |year=1995|title=Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action|place=New York|publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpSxJg_ehnIC&pg=PA57 |isbn=978-0-7914-2025-6}}
* {{cite book|first=Sujatha |last=Nayak|year=1996|chapter=Dadu Dayal|title=Poet-Saints of India |editor-surname1=Sivaramkrishna|editor-given1=M. |editor-surname2=Roy |editor-given2=S. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMvlDsnEgRoC&pg=PA90 |publisher=A Sterling Paperback|location=New Delhi |pages=90–100|isbn=81-207-1883-6}}
* {{cite book|first=Sujatha |last=Nayak|year=1996|chapter=Dadu Dayal|title=Poet-Saints of India |editor-surname1=Sivaramkrishna|editor-given1=M. |editor-surname2=Roy |editor-given2=S. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMvlDsnEgRoC&pg=PA90 |publisher=A Sterling Paperback|location=New Delhi |pages=90–100|isbn=81-207-1883-6}}
* ''Sant Dadu Dayal: Encyclopaedia of Saints Series (Volume 25)''. Eds. Bakshi, S. R.; Mittra, Sangh (2002). New Delhi: Criterion Publications. {{ISBN|81-7938-029-7}}
* ''Sant Dadu Dayal: Encyclopaedia of Saints Series (Volume 25)''. Eds. Bakshi, S. R.; Mittra, Sangh (2002). New Delhi: Criterion Publications. {{ISBN|81-7938-029-7}}
* {{cite book|first=K. N. |last=Upadhaya |year=1980 |title=Dadu the Compassionate Mystic |publisher=Radha Soami Satsang Beas |location=Punjab}}
* {{cite book|first=K. N. |last=Upadhaya |year=1980 |title=Dadu the Compassionate Mystic |publisher=Radha Soami Satsang Beas |location=Punjab}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://www.rajgk.in/2019/04/short-notes-on-dadu-dayal-ji.html Short Notes on Dadu dayal ji]
* [https://www.rajgk.in/2019/04/short-notes-on-dadu-dayal-ji.html Short Notes on Dadu dayal ji]
*[http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2 Dadu Dayal at Kavita Kosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130419072205/http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2 |date=19 April 2013 }} ([[Hindi]])
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2 Dadu Dayal at Kavita Kosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130419072205/http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2 |date=19 April 2013 }} ([[Hindi]])
*[http://www.livres-chapitre.com/-Z1SE7W/-CALLEWAERT-W.M./-THE-HINDU-BIOGRAPHY-OF-DADU-DAYAL.html The Biography of Dadu Dayal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130135829/http://www.livres-chapitre.com/-Z1SE7W/-CALLEWAERT-W.M./-THE-HINDU-BIOGRAPHY-OF-DADU-DAYAL.html |date=30 November 2020 }}
* [http://www.livres-chapitre.com/-Z1SE7W/-CALLEWAERT-W.M./-THE-HINDU-BIOGRAPHY-OF-DADU-DAYAL.html The Biography of Dadu Dayal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130135829/http://www.livres-chapitre.com/-Z1SE7W/-CALLEWAERT-W.M./-THE-HINDU-BIOGRAPHY-OF-DADU-DAYAL.html |date=30 November 2020 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJTlfpQo5Xo Video of the celebration of Dadupanth in Naraina]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJTlfpQo5Xo Video of the celebration of Dadupanth in Naraina]


Latest revision as of 19:36, 26 October 2024

For other uses, see Dadu (disambiguation).
Dadu Dayal
Personal
Born1544
Died1603
Akoda, Rajasthan, India[1]
ReligionHinduism
SectSant Mat
Organization
Founder ofDadu Panth
PhilosophyBhakti
Religious career
GuruBābā Būḍhāu
Literary worksDadu Anubhav Vani

Dadu Dayal (Devanagari: दादू दयाल, Saint Dādūdayāl, 1544–1603) was a poet-saint religious reformer who spoke against formalism and priestcraft and was active in Rajasthan.

Etymology

[edit]

"Dadu" means brother, and "Dayal" means "the compassionate one".[2]

Life

[edit]

Dādū Dayāl was born into the Piñjārā/Dhuniyā caste, but later sources attempted to portray him as a Brahmin. According to Jangopāl, he was born in Ahmedabad. However, other sources do not attest to this, nor did Dādū Dayāl have any impact on the city during his lifetime. Dādū Dayāl claimed to have received visions from his guru, Bābā Būḍhāu, at the ages of 11 and 18.[3]

In 1573, his son, Garībdās, was born in the town of Sambhar, Rajasthan. His later children include Maskīndās, Havā, and Bāī. According to Jangopāl, his children were born without sexual intercourse with his wife. However, according to Rāghavdās, they were merely his first four disciples.[3]

In Sambhar, Dādū Dayāl claimed to hold debates with orthodox religious figures, and preached a "middle path" between various sects. By 1579, Dādū Dayāl and his four children/disciples moved to Amber. According to the Dādu panthī tradition, Dādū Dayāl visited the court of Akbar on the invitation of Bhagavantdās, Kachvāhā ruler of Amber. He became increasingly nomadic. He moved to Karaṛālā, Naraina where he received land.[3]

In 1603, Dādū Dayāl died. His body was left in the wilderness, instead of being cremated or buried as per Hindu or Muslim tradition.[3]

Dadupanth

[edit]

Dadu Dayal later moved to Naraina, near Jaipur Rajasthan, where he gained a group of followers, forming a sect that became known as the Dadupanth.[4][1]

Dadupanthis are one of the 7 martial akharas of Vaishnavite sampradaya of Hindus.[5] Vaishnavism has following four major sects:[6]

  • Sri, founded by Ramananda. Dadupanthis are one of those 7 martial akharas of Vaishnavite in the sect of Ramanada.
  • Brahma. founded by Madhava.
  • Ridra, founded by Vishnusuvamin
  • Sanakadi, founded by Nimbarka.

Followers of Vaishnavism are also called Bairagi or Vairagi. Among the Bairagi, those who became part of the military akharas were organised in the 7 akharas, of which the founding dates are unclear. Each of the akhara accepted members from all 4 sects of Vaishnavism. Bairagi military akharas generally did not follow the prohibition against eating meat or taking narcotics.[6]

Dadu Anubhav Vani

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Dadu's compositions in Braj language were recorded by his disciple Rajjab and are known as the Dadu Anubhav Vani, a compilation of 5,000 verses. Another disciple, Janagopal, wrote the earliest biography of Dadu.[4][7] Dadu alludes to spontaneous (sahaja) bless in his songs. Much of the imagery used is similar to that used by Kabir, and to that used by earlier Sahajiya Buddhists and Nath yogis. Dadu believed that devotion to God should transcend religious or sectarian affiliation, and that devotees should become non-sectarian or "Nipakh".[8] He has something to say about that:[9]

Dadupanthi Thambas

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Dadu had 100 disciples that attained samadhi. He instructed additional 52 disciples to set up ashrams, 'Thambas' around the region to spread the Lord's word.

Dadu ji spent the latter years of his life in Naraiana, a small distance away from the town of Dudu, near Jaipur city.[10]

Five thambas are considered sacred by the followers: Naraiana, Bhairanaji, Sambhar, Amer, and Karadala (Kalyanpura). Followers at these thambas later set up other places of worship.

Dadupanthi Martial Akharas

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Armed martial akharas were first likely formed by the Dadupanthi Guru Jait Sahib (1693–1734 CE) when he recruited armed Naga sadhus. In 1733, Dadupanthis were tax paying farmers in Jaipur State, and martial Naga Sadhus were employed to enforce the payment of taxes. In 1793, Dadupanthis and Jaipur State had an agreement under which Dadhupanthis provided 5000 armed soldier sadhus to defend the Jaipur State. During the 1857 rebellion, Dadupanthis acted as mercenaries who helped British raj.

Prominent Dadupanthis

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Present status

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Dadupanth has continued in Rajasthan to the present-day and has been a major source of early manuscripts containing songs by Dadu and other North Indian saints.[4]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Dadu Hindu saint Archived 2 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine at Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  2. ^ "Poet-saint Dadu Dayal". Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Horstmann, Monika. "Dādū Dayāl". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online. Brill.
  4. ^ a b c Callew 1987, pp. 181–190.
  5. ^ Dandekar 1987.
  6. ^ a b David N. Lorenzen, 2006, Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History Archived 26 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Yoda Press, p.51-65.
  7. ^ Nayak 1996, p. 96.
  8. ^ Dadu on Realisation at sahajayoga.org Archived 12 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Upadhaya 1980, p. 10.
  10. ^ "Temple Profile". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.

Sources

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