Kaalapani
| Kaalapaani | |
|---|---|
 Poster | |
| Directed by | Priyadarshan |
| Screenplay by | T. Damodaran Priyadarshan |
| Story by | Priyadarshan |
| Produced by | Mohanlal R. Mohan (co-producer) |
| Starring | Mohanlal Prabhu Tabu Amrish Puri |
| Cinematography | Santosh Sivan |
| Edited by | N. Gopalakrishnan |
| Music by | Ilaiyaraaja |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by | Pranamam Pictures Shogun Films Amitabh Bachchan Corporation (Hindi) |
Release date |
|
Running time | 180 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Budget | ₹2.50 crore[1] |
Kaalapaani (transl. Black Water) is a 1996 Indian Malayalam-language epic historical drama film written by T. Damodaran and directed by Priyadarshan. Set in 1915, the film focuses on the lives of Indian independence activists incarcerated in the Cellular Jail (or Kālā Pānī) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands during the British Raj. The ensemble cast includes Mohanlal, Prabhu, Tabu, Amrish Puri, Nedumudi Venu, Sreenivasan, Tinnu Anand, Annu Kapoor, Alex Draper, Sankaradi, and Vineeth. The film was produced by Mohanlal for Pranavam Arts in association with R. Mohan's Shogun Films.
The film is about the lives of prisoners in British India who are brought to Kālā Pānī. The name Kalapani is derived from the mode of imprisonment in British India. Ilaiyaraaja composed the music, the cinematography was by Santosh Sivan, and the editing by N. Gopalakrishnan. The film introduced Dolby Stereo into Malayalam cinema. It was made on a budget of ₹2.50 crore, making it the costliest Malayalam film made until then.[1]
Kaalapaani was released on 6 April 1996 in 450 theaters worldwide, which was the largest release for any Indian film until then. The film is now regarded as one of the classics in Malayalam cinema.[2] Originally made in Malayalam, the film was dubbed and released in Hindi as Saza-E-Kala Pani, Tamil as Siraichalai, and in Telugu as Kaala Pani. Amitabh Bachchan bought the Hindi dubbing rights, besides narrating the prologue for the Hindi version.[3] The film won four National Film Awards, including the awards for Best Art Direction (Sabu Cyril), Best Special Effects (S. T. Venky), and Best Cinematography (Santosh Sivan). The movie also won seven Kerala State Film Awards.
Plot
In 1965, G. S. Sethu (Vineeth) of the Indian Army goes to Ross Island, Kaalapaani to find the whereabouts of his aunt Parvathi's (Tabu) husband Govardhan Menon (Mohanlal), who has been sent to jail in 1916 during the period of British rule. In an old room containing record of prisoners held at the jail, Sethu comes across Govardhan's records and learns his story.
Govardhan, a doctor and Indian nationalist, is wrongly accused of bombing a train carrying 55 people, including British officials. On his wedding day with Parvathi, he is deported to a cellular jail at Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. There, hundreds of Indian prisoners are incarcerated in the cellular jail, including leading participants of the independence movement.
David Berry (Alex Draper) is a sadistic jailor who is of Irish descent, while Len Hutton (John Kolvenbach) is a kindhearted English doctor. Savarkar (Annu Kapoor) is incarcerated and tries his best to keep the spirit of the prisoners going despite unbelievable torture.
Parvathi keeps waiting for Govardhan to come back. Due to Len's efforts, the government decides to investigate the matter of the torture meted out to the prisoners. 14 people are ordered to be released. One of them is Mukundan (Prabhu), Govardhan's friend. David and the jail warden Mirza Khan (Amrish Puri) hatch a plan to incite a prison riot and shoot down 13 prisoners while they are escaping. Mukundan refuses to escape and is taken on the pretext of meeting the Chief Commissioner, and is shot and killed. Seeing Mukundan's dead body, Govardhan throws down David from one of the towers and kills Mirza Khan by strangling him. Govardhan is hanged to death.
All this is shown in intermittent flashbacks. Sethu, after knowing Govardhan has already been hanged to death 45 years ago, decides to not tell the truth to his aunt as her wait of 50 years would have been in vain. The film ends with Sethu lying to her that he met Govardhan and talked to him about her, indicating she will never come to know about Govardhan's death and will keep waiting for him for the rest of her life.
Cast
- Mohanlal as Dr. Govardhan Menon / Unni
- Prabhu as Mukundan Iyengar, a revolutionary who wanted avenge British officer Barrington for killing locals.
- Tabu as Parvathi / Parvathikutty, Dr.Govardhan's lover and later wife
- Amrish Puri as Jailer Mirza Khan, an Afghan jailer who is a companion of David Barry.
- Vineeth as G. Sethu, Dr.Govardhan's nephew who is in the Indian Army
- Alex Draper as Jailer David Barry, a sadist and cruel jailer in Kalapani.
- John Kolvenbach as Dr. Len Hutton, a kind-hearted doctor.
- Annu Kapoor as Savarkar
- Sankaradi as Kunju Muhammad Musaliar, an influential Muslim prisoner who always tries to unite all Hindu and Muslim prisoners
- Nedumudi Venu as Sreekandan Nair, Govardhan's maternal uncle, who was a local chieftain and a loyalist to the British Rule
- Delhi Ganesh as Pandiyan, a prisoner who have done many nationalistic activities who attempted to escape from prison, later he were sentenced to death.
- Sreenivasan as Moosa a.k.a. Kanaran, a prisoner and a spy of Mirza Khan
- Cochin Haneefa as Ahmed Kutty, a kind hearted and patriot guard in the jail
- Maniyanpilla Raju as Nair, an official in the Andaman & Nicobar administration of independent India
- Tinnu Anand as Ram Lakhan, a prisoner
- Govind Menon as Parmanand, a prisoner
- S.R. Veeraraghavan as Achyuthan, a prisoner
- Sreenath as Satyasheelan, a Prisoner
- Ajayan Adoor as a Prisoner
- Suma Jayaram as Sreekandan Nair's daughter, who was jealous of Parvathi falling in love with Govardhan
- Tom Alter as British Chief Commissioner of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Province
- Kozhikode Narayanan Nair as Naanu Nair, Parvathi's father and Sreekandan Nair's assistant
- Poojappura Ravi as Nampoothiri, who wanted to marry Parvathi
- Antony Perumbavoor as Mukundan's friend and accomplice
- Kanya Bharathi as Mukundan's sister
Production
Development
Director Priyadarshan co-wrote the screenplay with screenwriter, T. Damodaran. The basis for the story were existing accounts of life in cellular jail, particularly excerpts from biographies of political leaders of the Indian Independence Movement. Most of these excerpts covered the ruthless routine of prisoners in jail, under the command of Jailer David Barry, Major James Pattinson Walker and Petty officer Mirza Khan.[4][5][6]
Pre-production
While the Pre-World War I ports were recreated on the Andaman Islands, several huge sets were built on a 1.5 acres space in Murugalaya Studio, Chennai to replicate the Cellular Jail. In Madras, the sets of Cellular Jail cost about Rs 12 lakh to build on 1.5 acres at the Murugalaya Studio. Apparently, director Priyadarshan was adamant and determined to be faithful to the details of the era. He says: "The Andamans had not seen a horse in 20 years. We had to carry four horses there at a cost of about Rs 3 lakh. When the filming was over, we presented them to the Andamans administration."[1] Prior to the making of the film, Prabhu had broken his knee and during his recovery phase, put on considerable weight. In order to accommodate his physique into the script, Priyadarshan altered the character to make him eat constantly in the film.[7]
Filming
The budget of the film, ₹2.5 crore (equivalent to ₹14 crore or US$1.6 million in 2023), was much larger than the average ₹1 crore for a Malayalam film at the time.[1] The shooting was completed in 72 days at Andaman and Nicobar Islands, several parts of Kerala and Chennai. Post production took more than four months to complete. Composer Ilaiyaraaja completed his symphonic score in 16 days; audiographer Deepan Chatterji completed the sound design and mix in 90 days. This is the first Malayalam film to recorded in Dolby Stereo.[8]
The film is shot in the Malayalam language. However, numerous portions contain dialogues in Hindi, English, Tamil, Bengali, Telugu, and German.
Soundtrack
| Kaalapani | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soundtrack album by | ||||
| Released | 5 March 1996 | |||
| Recorded | 1996 | |||
| Genre | Feature film soundtrack | |||
| Length | 27:08 | |||
| Label | Sagara | |||
| Producer | Ilaiyaraaja | |||
| Ilaiyaraaja chronology | ||||
| ||||
The music was composed and conducted by Ilaiyaraaja. K. S. Chithra was the only female singer in all the versions, while male singers kept changing from version to version.
- Track list
All lyrics are written by Gireesh Puthenchery, except where noted
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Artist(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Aattirambile Kombile" | M. G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra | 5:01 | |
| 2. | "Chempoove Poove" | M. G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra | 4:59 | |
| 3. | "Kottum Kuzhal Vizhi" | M. G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra, Chorus | 5:43 | |
| 4. | "Marikkoodinullil" | K. S. Chithra, Ilaiyaraaja | 5:07 | |
| 5. | "Vande Mataram" | Javed Akhtar | Mano, Choir | 6:06 |
All lyrics are written by Arivumathi
| No. | Title | Artist(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Alolam Kili Thopilae" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra | 5:01 |
| 2. | "Suttum Sudar Vizhi" | M. G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra, Chorus | 5:43 |
| 3. | "Sempoove Poove" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra | 4:59 |
| 4. | "Mannan koorai chelai" | K. S. Chithra, Gangai Amaran | 5:07 |
| 5. | "Ithu Thaai Pirandha" | Mano, Choir | 6:06 |
All lyrics are written by P. K. Mishra, except where noted
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Artist(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Zindagi Mein Tum Mile" | Hariharan, K. S. Chithra | 5:01 | |
| 2. | "Bachpan Ke Saathi Mere" | Hariharan, K. S. Chithra, Choir | 5:43 | |
| 3. | "Sandhya Ki Laali" | M. G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra | 4:59 | |
| 4. | "Baaghon Ki Bahaarein" | K. S. Chithra, M. G. Sreekumar | 5:07 | |
| 5. | "Vande Mataram" | Javed Akhtar | Mano, Choir | 6:06 |
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Artist(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Chaamanthi Poove" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra | 4:59 | |
| 2. | "Kannekommana" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra | 5:01 | |
| 3. | "Mojullona" | K. S. Chithra | 5:07 | |
| 4. | "Vande Mataram" | Javed Akhtar | Mano, Choir | 6:06 |
| 5. | "Yakshakanne" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra, Choir | 5:43 |
Reception
On 31 May 1996, P. S. Joseph from India Today wrote, "This ambitious venture by a director known for his comedies in Malayalam, and some competent films in Bollywood like - Muskurahat (1992) and Gardish (1993), does not carry the impact it ought to. Despite its flashes of brilliance and exceptional photography, and a Rs 3.10 crore budget - the largest ever for a Malayalam film - Kaalapaani does not linger in the memory after you leave the cinema hall."[9] However, he praised Sabu Cyril's art direction calling it "exceptional" and Amrish Puri's performance writing, "The redeeming feature is Amrish Puri - the inimitable actor with a menacing voice and remarkable screen presence. He walks tall in the prison, epitomising the brutality and viciousness of the British Raj."[9] In January 2021, Gokul Nair of Film Companion wrote, "A great deal of effort has been out into making Kaalapaani, one of Priyadarshan's darkest films. The violence depicted is graphic and accurate, be it the mass shootings, the severe beatings, or other forms of torture."
Accolades
- Best Art Direction – Sabu Cyril
- Best Cinematography – Santosh Sivan
- Best Audiography – Deepan Chatterji
- Best Special Effects – S. T. Venky
- Second Best Film – Mohanlal (producer), R.Mohan (co-producer)
- Best Actor – Mohanlal
- Best Cinematography - Santosh Sivan
- Best Art Director – Sabu Cyril
- Best Music Director – Ilaiyaraaja
- Best Processing Lab – Gemini Colour Lab
- Best Costume Designer – Sajin Raghavan
References
- ^ a b c d Radhakrishnan, M. G. (15 June 1995). "An epic gamble". Indiascope. India Today Group. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ Roktim Rajpal (14 August 2015). "Mohanlal's 'Kaalapani' to Mammootty's 'Pazhassi Raja': Southern films that reminisce about the battle for free India". New Delhi. IBN Live. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ "- YouTube". YouTube.
- ^ O.N Jaiswal. "CELLULAR JAIL :WITNESS TO GORY SUFFERINGS OF FREEDOM FIGHTERS". Press Information Bureau.
- ^ Gönderen Yılmazzz. "Cellular Jail Port Blair — Andaman and Nicobar Islands". Ritemail.
- ^ Cathy Scott-Clark, Adrian Levy (23 June 2001). "Survivors of our hell". The Guardian.
- ^ "Rediff On The NeT: Transcript of the Prabhu Chat". Archived from the original on 3 March 2000.
- ^ Nair, Ranjith (1–14 September 2011). "ഈ സിനിമയെ ഞങ്ങൾ സ്നേഹിക്കുന്നു". Vanitha (in Malayalam). Malayala Manorama.
- ^ a b "Film review: Kaalapaani, starring Mohanlal, Prabhu, Tabu". India Today. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
External links
- 1996 films
- 1990s Malayalam-language films
- Films set in the Indian independence movement
- Films with screenplays by T. Damodaran
- Films set in 1916
- Films set in 1965
- Indian prison films
- Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award
- Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
- Pranavam Arts International films
- Films set in Kerala
- Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award
- Films that won the Best Audiography National Film Award
- Films that won the Best Special Effects National Film Award
- Films set in the British Raj
- Memorials to Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
- Films set in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands