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Navin Ramgoolam

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The Honourable
Navin Ramgoolam
GCSK FRCP
नवीन रामगुलाम
Ramgoolam in 2014
6th Prime Minister of Mauritius
In office
5 July 2005 – 17 December 2014
President
Preceded byPaul Bérenger
Succeeded byAnerood Jugnauth
In office
27 December 1995 – 11 September 2000
PresidentCassam Uteem
Preceded byAnerood Jugnauth
Succeeded byAnerood Jugnauth
7th Leader of the Opposition
In office
11 September 2000 – 4 July 2005
Prime Minister
Preceded byPaul Berenger
Succeeded byPaul Bérenger
In office
15 September 1991 – 20 December 1995
Prime MinisterAnerood Jugnauth
Preceded byPrem Nababsing
Succeeded byNicholas Von Mally
Personal details
Born
Navinchandra Ramgoolam

(1947-07-14) 14 July 1947 (age 77)
Port Louis, British Mauritius
Citizenship
Political partyLabour Party
SpouseVeena Brizmohun (1979–present)
Parents
Residence(s)Riverwalk, Floreal
Alma mater
Signature

Navinchandra Ramgoolam (born 14 July 1947) is a two-time former Prime Minister of Mauritius and the current leader of the Labour Party.[1] He was Leader of the Opposition from 1991 to 1995. He served as Prime Minister for the first time from December 1995 until September 2000 and then became Leader of the Opposition again from October 2000 to 4 July 2005. On 5 July 2005, he became prime minister for a second term after his coalition, "Alliance Sociale," won the general elections. He was re-elected Prime Minister in 2005, serving till 2014, when he was defeated. Ramgoolam's political career has been marked by his efforts to modernize Mauritius and focus on social welfare policies. His leadership of the Labour Party has positioned him as one of the key figures in Mauritian politics over the past few decades. On 11 November 2024, following the national elections, he was re-elected as Prime Minister after the huge victory of his coalition Alliance du Changement, securing all the 60 seats in the National Parliament, with 3 candidates elected for each of the 20 constituencies, overthrowing the previously ruling Militant Socialist Movement that formed the Alliance Lepep.

Early life and education

Navin Ramgoolam was born on 14 July 1947 to Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (SSR) and Sushil Ramjoorawon at their Desforges Street residence in Port Louis. SSR was the 6th Governor General of Mauritius, as well as the first Chief Minister and Prime Minister of Mauritius. In the 1800s, his ancestors migrated to Mauritius from Harigaon in Bhojpur district, Bihar.[2] He attended the Royal College Curepipe from 1960 to 1966 and proceeded to study medicine in Ireland between 1968 and 1975, where he obtained the LRCP&SI licentiates from the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Soon afterwards Ramgoolam was arrested in May 1978 by British Police for dangerous driving, and for driving whilst drunk.[3] On 8 July 1979 Ramgoolam married Veena Brizmohun,[4] a Mauritian who grew up in England and was studying social sciences at the University of London. The wedding ceremony, held at Cinema BDC in Quatre Bornes, was attended by Governor General Dayendranath Burrenchobay, opposition leader Anerood Jugnauth, and others. The newly-wed couple returned to London where Veena planned to complete her studies, and her husband wanted to specialise in cardiology.[5]

When his father SSR died in December 1985, Ramgoolam was on the point of immigrating to Canada when Sir Satcam Boolell (then leader of the Labour Party) and Paul Berenger (the leader of the Mauritian Militant Movement) convinced him to return and assume the leadership of the Labour party with the objective of an alliance which would defeat Anerood Jugnauth in the general elections. He subsequently served as a medical doctor at Dr A.G Jeetoo Hospital in Mauritius from 1985 to 1987. In 1987, he started his law studies at The London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London. Upon completion of his LLB degree in 1990, he returned to Mauritius to face the electorate as the new leader of the Labour Party in the 1991 general election.

Navin Ramgoolam with former Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh.
Navin Ramgoolam with Obamas.

Political career

1991 elections and first candidacy

Main article: 1991 Mauritian general election

The leadup to the general elections held in 1991 saw a realignment of the country's major political parties. The Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM), which had been the main opposition party, decided to contest the election as an ally of Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth's Militant Socialist Movement (MSM). Ramgoolam's Labour Party and Gaëtan Duval's Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate (PMSD), both of which had been allied with the MSM in the previous election, formed a separate alliance, along with the Rodrigues People's Organisation (OPR). A major campaign issue was the proposal of the MSM-MMM alliance to cut the country's ties with the British Monarchy and declare a republic with a President as head of state. Ramgoolam opposed this, arguing that the Presidential office would be too ceremonial, leaving all executive powers effectively in the hands of the Prime Minister.

The election turned out to be a landslide for Jugnauth. The MSM/MMM alliance won 57 of the 62 directly elected seats. Of the 5 seats won by Ramgoolam's alliance, 2 were held by the OPR and 3 by his own Labour Party (Arvin Boolell, Vasant Bunwaree and himself, being elected in constituency 5, Triolet & Pamplemoussess). Following his defeat, he took leave as Leader of the Opposition and returned to London to complete his law vocational course at Inns of Court School of Law. He was called to United Kingdom Bar, Inner Temple in 1993.

In 1993, Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth asked the Speaker of the National Assembly to declare Ramgoolam's seat vacant as he had not attended Parliament for three consecutive moments. The Speaker referred the case to the Court but the Judge found that it was unconstitutional.

Shortly afterwards, Jugnauth dismissed Bérenger from the Cabinet after learning that Ramgoolam had hosted him at a private dinner at his Riverwalk residence. Bérenger and 10 MMM members joined Ramgoolam on the opposition benches. Although the MMM caucus was larger than the Labour Party caucus, he agreed to let Ramgoolam continue as Leader of the Opposition.

1995 elections

Main article: 1995 Mauritian general election

The Labour Party and the MMM went on to forge an alliance to contest the 1995 elections. The alliance won all 60 directly elected seats from the mainland (with Labour taking 35 seats and the MMM 25). Ramgoolam became Prime Minister with Bérenger as his Deputy. The coalition soon fractured and Ramgoolam dismissed Bérenger in 1997. Bérenger then became Leader of the Opposition and Ramgoolam formed a one-party government.

2000 elections

Main article: 2000 Mauritian general election

Jugnauth and Bérenger formed a new alliance to contest the 2000 elections. Part of the agreement was to allow Jugnauth to serve for the first three years of the five-year term, then resign to assume the Presidency and allow Bérenger to complete his unexpired term. Ramgoolam, for his part, formed an alliance with the Mauritian Party of Xavier-Luc Duval (PMXD), a breakaway from the PMSD led by Xavier-Luc Duval, the son of Sir Gaëtan Duval. The MSM/MMM alliance won 54 of the 60 directly elected mainland seats. Ramgoolam, who had retained his own seat, became Leader of the Opposition.

2005 elections

His Alliance Social won the general elections against the MSM/MMM outgoing government. He was again appointed as prime minister with a majority of 38 out of 60 seats. His alliance also won the local/municipal elections in 2006 where the MSM/MMM was severely defeated. These consecutive defeats and internal instability caused the break-up of the MSM/MMM coalition.

As the MSM had more seats than the MMM and Pravind Jugnauth was not elected, Nando Bodha was appointed as Leader of the Opposition.

2010 elections

Main article: 2010 Mauritian general election

With the 2010 elections approaching, Ramgoolam decided in 2008 to support Jugnauth for re-election as President, to forestall a possible return by Jugnauth to parliamentary politics, where Ramgoolam viewed him as a potential threat. Jugnauth's condition for accepting the offer was an alliance between the Labour Party and the MSM. At Ramgoolam's insistence, the Alliance de L'Avenir also included the PMSD, into which the PMXD, and its leader, Xavier-Luc Duval, had merged; seven of the sixty parliamentary candidates would come from the PMSD).

The Alliance de L'Avenir won 41 of the 60 directly elected seats. Ramgoolam remained Prime Minister and Pravind Jugnauth, son of Sir Anerood Jugnauth, became his Deputy. Following the involvement of some members of the MSM in the Medpoint Scandal, however, Ramgoolam dismissed the MSM from the government.

2014 elections

Main article: 2014 Mauritian general election

The general elections originally scheduled for 2015 were brought forward to December 2014. The Labour Party made a new alliance with the MMM, proposing a constitutional amendment to upgrade the Presidency to a less ceremonial role. Ramgoolam and Bérenger, the MMM leader, claimed that the election was a referendum on the proposal, which they called the Second Republic. If the alliance won more than 45 of the 60 directly elected mainland seats, the Constitution would be amended; Ramgoolam would run for the Presidency and Bérenger would succeed him as Prime Minister.

Ramgoolam and Berenger were opposed by the MSM-led Alliance Lepep, which also included the PMSD, which had been Ramgoolam's coalition partner, and a new party called Muvman Liberater, formed by a significant portion of ex-members of the MMM who were opposed to the idea of giving Ramgoolam more powers. The Alliance Lepep, which opposed the proposal for the Second Republic, won 47 seats out of 60. The Labour-MMM alliance won only 13 seats, 9 from the MMM and 4 from the Labour Party. Ramgoolam lost his seat for the first time in his political career. On 12 December 2014, he resigned as Prime Minister of Mauritius.

2024 elections

The general election was scheduled on 10 November 2024, where the Labour Party together with the MMM, Nouveau Démocrate and Rezistans ek Alternativ formed the "Alliance du changement", to oppose the "Alliance Lepep" which composed of the MSM, Muvman Liberater and the PMSD. The Alliance du changement won the general election with a 60-0 in its favour.[6]

Controversies

1978 arrest by British police

Navin Ramgoolam was arrested in the UK on 24 May 1978 in Wardour Street, Soho, London according to records of the Foreign Colonial Office (FCO). He was a student at University College London (UCL). When Navin Ramgoolam was subjected to a blood test the result was positive. As a result he was summoned for driving with excess alcohol in his blood, and was fined at Malborough Street Magistrate Court where he eventually pleaded guilty.[7]

2015 arrest for conspiracy and money laundering

In February 2015 Navin Ramgoolam was arrested for alleged conspiracy, money laundering and as part of a July 2011 robbery and murder case (Affaire Roches-Noires).[8][9][10][11]

Awards and decorations

Ramgoolam receives Pravasi Bharatiya Samman from President of India in 2008

Honours

Navin Ramgoolam with former Prime Minister of United Kingdom, David Cameron.

Ramgoolam has received several accolades and honours. In 1998 he was made an Honorary Fellow of the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Dr Honoris Causa by the University of Mauritius, Dr Honoris Causa from Aligarh Muslim University, India and Dr Honoris Causa by the Jawaharlal Nehru University, India in October 2005. Other awards he attained are the Grand Officier de la Legion d'Honneur from France in March 2006, the Honorary Freeman of Rodrigues from Rodrigues Regional Assembly in March 2007, The Wilberforce Medal from Wilberforce Lecture Trust, Hull, United Kingdom in June 2007, The Rajiv Gandhi Award from Mumbai Regional Congress Committee, India in August 2007, The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award from Government of the Republic of India in January 2008 as well as Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean (GCSK) from the Government of the Republic of Mauritius in March 2008. In Paris, Ramgoolam received the Prix Louise Michel, awarded generally each year to a high personality in recognition of his or her outstanding contribution in the political field. He was made Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) by the Padmashree Dr D. Y. Patil University, Mumbai, India in February 2009, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) of the Royal College of Physicians, London in May 2009, Honorary Doctor by Staffordshire University, United Kingdom in July 2010, Order of the Rule of Law by the World Jurist Association, Bethesda, Maryland, USA in April 2011, Overseas Bencher by the Inner Temple, United Kingdom in April 2011 and Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa) by the Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India in February 2012.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Notes Biographiques" (in French). Labour Party. Archived from the original on 19 September 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  2. ^ "Politics here is spelt with a capital 'C' - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Independent Mauritius 1968-2016 : The State, Nationhood, Realm Republic and Dynasties". Le Mauricien. 6 March 2016. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  4. ^ "Bio-data of Dr The Honourable Navinchandra Ramgoolam". Government of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  5. ^ "Il y a 38 ans le 8 juillet 1979: Navin Ramgoolam se marie (08-July-2017)". L'Express. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  6. ^ "Mauritius's opposition coalition wins legislative election". global.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  7. ^ "Independent Mauritius 1968-2016 : The State, Nationhood, Realm Republic and Dynasties". Le Mauricien. 6 March 2016. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  8. ^ "Navingate: un épisode 2 sur Roches-Noires…". L'Express. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  9. ^ Gangaram, Jean Marie. "Affaire Roches-Noires". 5 Plus. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  10. ^ Mohun, Ledweena. "Affaire Roches-Noires : Navin Ramgoolam et la mort d'Anand Ramdhony". Defimedia. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  11. ^ Peerbaye, Nafiisah (29 November 2018). "Affaire Roches-Noires: Sooroojebally était présent le 3 juillet 2011". L'Express. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  12. ^ "List of Previous Pravasi Bhartiya Samman". 28 December 2014. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  13. ^ "CURRICULUM VITAE". Government of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
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Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Mauritius
1995–2000 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Mauritius
2005–2015


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