1762 in Canada
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Events from the year 1762 in Canada.
Incumbents
[edit]Governors
[edit]- Governor of the Province of Quebec: Jeffery Amherst
- Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Louis Billouart
- Governor of Nova Scotia: Jonathan Belcher
- Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Richard Edwards
Events
[edit]- November 3 – According to the preliminaries of peace, signed at Fontainebleau, England is to have, with certain West Indies, Florida, Louisiana, to the Mississippi River (without New Orleans), Canada, Acadia, Cape Breton Island and its dependencies, and the fisheries, subject to certain French interests. Spain is to have New Orleans and Louisiana, west of the Mississippi, with an undetermined Western boundary.
Births
[edit]July 17 : Alexander Macdonell, Roman Catholic bishop (died 1840 in Scotland)[3]
Deaths
[edit]August 28 : Augustin de Boschenry de Drucour, governor of Isle Royale.
Historical documents
[edit]Seeking to improve its fisheries position at peace talks, France captures Newfoundland, and loses it again three months later[4]
France "renounces all Pretensions" to Nova Scotia and cedes Canada and Cape Breton to Britain, which grants religious liberty to Catholics[5]
Seigneuries ("fiefs") of Canada are "deemed noble," with eldest son inheriting one half, and his male siblings sharing other half[6]
"The Canadians [are], in general, of a litigious disposition" with "multiplicity of Instruments" (to be replaced by "short and well digested Code")[7]
"Canadians in general are not much given to drunkenness, yet Men, Women and Children are used to drink a certain quantity of strong Liquors"[8]
Jesuits have missions to Indigenous people near Quebec at Jeune-Lorette (Wendat) and at Tadoussac and Chicoutimi (Innu; Note: "savages" used)[9]
Quebec general hospital is run by "ladies[...]of the best Families," but war and French king's unpaid debt must leave them in "utmost beggary"[10]
Canadians being "extremely tenacious of their Religion," British by not altering it and rebuilding "their great Church" would earn their loyalty[11]
Brief profiles of Innu, Huron-Wendat, Wolastoqiyik and Abenaki, with pledge of justice and instant redress of their complaints (Note: racial stereotypes)[12]
Soil is good, but Canadians are lazy and "not much skilled in Husbandry," and corrupted by "avaricious Men" (which British rule will end)[13]
With end of Canada's monopolies and more opportunity, trade in cod, whale products, naval stores, furs, hemp and flax, and potash will flourish[14]
British will end Canadian gentry's privilege, should keep clergy "in proper subjection," and have won over peasantry with generosity and lenity[15]
Excellent but misused iron industry near Trois-Rivières can be revived and expanded to supply Navy "with proper Iron for Ship Building"[16]
After detailing fur trade abuses, Gen. Thomas Gage suggests limiting western posts to five: Kaministiquia, Michilimackinac, Detroit and two others[17]
Catching whitefish at Sault Ste. Marie requires great skill in canoeing as well as netting[18]
Nova Scotia Council worried about security with so many Acadian prisoners in Halifax, and even more so in small unprotected settlements[19]
With Anglo-French hostilities ended, Commissioners for Trade and Plantations find it "neither necessary nor politic" to expel Acadians[20]
Nova Scotia executive authorized to borrow up to £4,500 to cover unpaid bounties and public works expenses, and to suspend bounties[21]
"Frauds and other Injuries [in] Trade and Dealing" committed against Indigenous people in Nova Scotia are to be prosecuted upon complaint[22]
For dissent or desertion "in Times of imminent Danger," Nova Scotia militia officers will be cashiered and lower ranks fined or imprisoned[23]
Seaman in St. John's harbor court-martial, sentenced for desertion to 600 lashes over 2 days, reprieved after first day for "imminent danger of his Life"[24]
References
[edit]- ^ Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
- ^ "George III". Official website of the British monarchy. Royal Household. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ^ "Alexander Macdonell | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ John Entick, "Newfoundland surprized by the French" The General History of the Late War; Vol. V (1764), pgs. 386-94. (See "The Recapture of Saint John’s, Newfoundland; Dispatches of Rear-Admiral, Lord Colville, 1761-1762") Accessed 29 March 2022
- ^ Article II, Preliminary Articles of Peace between His Britannick Majesty, the Most Christian King, and the Catholick King (in French and English; 1762), pgs. 6-7. (See also articles on French fishing rights and cession of St. Pierre and Miquelon to France) Accessed 29 March 2022
- ^ "3. State of the Government under the French Administration; Fiefs," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 40 (PDF frame 54). Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ "3. State of the Government under the French Administration; 5," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 41 (PDF frame 55). Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ "4. Revenues and Expence of the Government under the French Administration; Observations; 2," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 50 (PDF frame 64). Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ "5th, Church Government; The Jesuites," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 51 (PDF frame 65). Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ "5th, Church Government; The General Hospital near Quebec," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 53 (PDF frame 67). Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ "5th, Church Government; Observations: 1st, 4th," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 53-4 (PDF frames 67-8). Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ "6th, Indian Nations residing within the Government," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 54-6 (PDF frames 68-70). (See also locations of three Indigenous villages in Trois Riviéres region on pg. 67 (PDF frame 81) Accessed 31 March 2022
- ^ "7th, Nature of the Soil and its Produce," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 56 (PDF frame 70). (See also similar comments about Trois Riviéres region on pg. 63 (PDF frame 77) Accessed 31 March 2022
- ^ "9th, Trade," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 57, 58-9 (PDF frames 71, 72-3). Accessed 31 March 2022
- ^ "10th, Character of the People," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 59-60 (PDF frames 73-4). Accessed 31 March 2022
- ^ "Advantages derived to the French," Col. Burton's Report of the State of the Government of Three Rivers (April 1762), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 64-5 (PDF frames 78-9). Accessed 31 March 2022
- ^ "To remedy the Inconveniencies & abuses," General Gage's Report of the State of the Government of Montreal (March 20, 1762), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 71 (PDF frame 85). Accessed 31 March 2022
- ^ Alexander Henry, "They are full of white-fish" Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories[....] (1809), pg. 59. (See also spearing trout under ice) Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ Council meeting (July 26, 1762), Nova Scotia Documents, Acadian French, pgs. 323-5. (See also Acadian depredations and deportation in northern Nova Scotia and Gen. Amherst on Acadian detention alternatives and complications following Massachusetts assembly's refusal of deportees) Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ "Extract from the Minutes of the Proceedings of the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations" (December 3, 1762), Nova Scotia Documents, Acadian French, pgs. 337-8. Accessed 30 March 2022
- ^ "An Act to enable the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or Commander in Chief, to borrow the Sum of Four Thousand Five Hundred Pounds for paying off the Public Debts, and to postpone the Payment of Bounties and Premiums" 2 George III - Chapter 2, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 29 March 2022
- ^ "An Act for Preventing fraudulent Dealings in the Trade with the Indians" 2 George III - Chapter 3, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 29 March 2022
- ^ "An Act for the better regulating the Militia, on actual Service in Time of War" 2 George III - Chapter 7, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 29 March 2022
- ^ "Herewith I inclose you the Sentences of nineteen Courts Martial as follow (...) 18. Matthew Hay" (October 10, 1762), "The Recapture of Saint John's, Newfoundland; Dispatches of Rear-Admiral, Lord Colville, 1761-1762," Maritime Museum of Canada Occasional Papers, Number Six (1959). Accessed 29 March 2022
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