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1939 Tour de France

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1939 Tour de France
Route of the 1939 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Paris
Route of the 1939 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Paris
Race details
Dates10–30 July 1939
Stages18, including eight split stages
Distance4,224 km (2,625 mi)
Winning time132h 03' 17"
Results
Winner  Sylvère Maes (BEL) (Belgium)
  Second  René Vietto (FRA) (South-East)
  Third  Lucien Vlaemynck (BEL) (Belgium B)
  Mountains  Sylvère Maes (BEL) (Belgium)
  Team Belgium B
← 1938
1947 →

The 1939 Tour de France was the 33rd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 10 to 30 July. The total distance was 4,224 km (2,625 mi).

Taking place on the eve of World War II, there was already much animosity in Europe. Italy, Germany and Spain all declined to send teams to the race, so the 1938 Italian champion Gino Bartali would not be defending his title.[1] To fill out the ranks, Belgium sent two teams, and France had five teams. This would be the final Tour for eight years, until 1947.

Between the second and the seventh stage, the last rider in the general classification was eliminated.[2]

The race was won by Belgian Sylvère Maes who also won the mountains classification.

Innovations and changes

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For the first time, a mountain time trial was scheduled: stage 16b.[3] A rule was added to make it more difficult to finish the race: from the second stage to the seventh stage, the last rider in the classification was to be removed from the race.[2]

The nutrition of the cyclists became more professional: cyclists were reporting that the use of vitamins increased their performance.[4]

Teams

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of teams and cyclists in the 1939 Tour de France.

Because Italy, Germany and Spain did not send teams,[5] the Tour organisation were short on participating cyclists. To solve this, they allowed Belgium to send two teams, and France to send four additional regional teams.[6]

The French cyclists had been successful in the 1930s, but their Tour winners were absent in 1939: 1930 and 1932 winner André Leducq had retired in 1938, as had 1931 and 1934 winner Antonin Magne; 1933 winner Georges Speicher did not ride, and 1937 winner Roger Lapébie was injured. This all made the Belgian team favourite.[3]

The teams entering the race were:[7]

  • Belgium
  • Switzerland
  • Luxembourg
  • Netherlands
  • France
  • Belgium B
  • France North-East/Île de France
  • France West
  • France South-West
  • France South-East

Route and stages

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The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,770 m (9,090 ft) at the summit of the Col de l'Iseran mountain pass on stage 16b.[8][9]

Stage characteristics and winners[2][10][11][12]
Stage Date Course Distance Type[a] Winner
1 10 July Paris to Caen 215 km (134 mi) Plain stage  Amédée Fournier (FRA)
2a 11 July Caen to Vire 64 km (40 mi) Individual time trial  Romain Maes (BEL)
2b Vire to Rennes 119 km (74 mi) Plain stage  Éloi Tassin (FRA)
3 12 July Rennes to Brest 244 km (152 mi) Plain stage  Pierre Cloarec (FRA)
4 13 July Brest to Lorient 174 km (108 mi) Plain stage  Raymond Louviot (FRA)
5 14 July Lorient to Nantes 207 km (129 mi) Plain stage  Amédée Fournier (FRA)
6a 15 July Nantes to La Rochelle 144 km (89 mi) Plain stage  Lucien Storme (BEL)
6b La Rochelle to Royan 107 km (66 mi) Plain stage  Edmond Pagès (FRA)
16 July Royan Rest day
7 17 July Royan to Bordeaux 198 km (123 mi) Plain stage  Raymond Passat (FRA)
8a 18 July Bordeaux to Salies-de-Béarn 210 km (130 mi) Plain stage  Marcel Kint (BEL)
8b Salies-de-Béarn to Pau 69 km (43 mi) Individual time trial  Karl Litschi (SUI)
9 19 July Pau to Toulouse 311 km (193 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Edward Vissers (BEL)
20 July Toulouse Rest day
10a 21 July Toulouse to Narbonne 149 km (93 mi) Plain stage  Pierre Jaminet (FRA)
10b Narbonne to Béziers 27 km (17 mi) Individual time trial  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
10c Béziers to Montpellier 70 km (43 mi) Plain stage  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
11 22 July Montpellier to Marseille 212 km (132 mi) Plain stage  Fabien Galateau (FRA)
12a 23 July Marseille to Saint-Raphaël 157 km (98 mi) Plain stage  François Neuens (LUX)
12b Saint-Raphaël to Monaco 122 km (76 mi) Plain stage  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
13 24 July Monaco to Monaco 101 km (63 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Pierre Gallien (FRA)
14 25 July Monaco to Digne 175 km (109 mi) Plain stage  Pierre Cloarec (FRA)
15 26 July Digne to Briançon 219 km (136 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Sylvère Maes (BEL)
16a 27 July Briançon to Briançon 126 km (78 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  Pierre Jaminet (FRA)
16b Bonneval to Bourg-Saint-Maurice 64 km (40 mi) Mountain time trial  Sylvère Maes (BEL)
16c Bourg-Saint-Maurice to Annecy 104 km (65 mi) Plain stage  Antoon van Schendel (NED)
28 July Annecy Rest day
17a 29 July Annecy to Dôle 226 km (140 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  François Neuens (LUX)
17b Dôle to Dijon 59 km (37 mi) Individual time trial  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
18a 30 July Dijon to Troyes 151 km (94 mi) Plain stage  René Le Grevès (FRA)
18b Troyes to Paris 201 km (125 mi) Plain stage  Marcel Kint (BEL)
Total 4,224 km (2,625 mi)[13]

Race overview

[edit]
Main articles: 1939 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 10c and 1939 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 18b
Sylvère Maes (pictured at the Tour 1936), winner of the general classification

In the first stage, regional Amedée Fournier won the sprint of a group of nine cyclists, and was the first cyclist in 1939 to wear the yellow jersey. In the next stage, Romain Maes, who had finished in the same group as Fournier, won the time trial, and captured the lead. He lost it in the second part of that stage, when a group got away.[3] Three regional riders were now on top of the general classification, led by Jean Fontenay.

René Vietto, leader of the regional South-East team, was in second place. In the fourth stage, Vietto got into the winning break, and took over the lead, closesly followed by Mathias Clemens on six seconds.[3]

In the ninth stage, the single Pyrenees stage of 1939, Edward Vissers attacked instead of helping his team leader Sylvère Maes. Vissers won the stage, but Vietto was able to stay with Maes. Maes climbed to the second place in the general classification, three minutes behind Vietto.[3]

Maes was able to win back a little time, and just before the Alps were climbed from stage 15 on, Vietto was still leading, with Maes still in second place, two minutes behind. Sylvère Maes attacked on that stage, and Vietto was not able to follow. Vietto finished 17 minutes behind Maes, and lost the lead. The next stage was split in three split stages. In the first part, Vietto was able to stay close to Maes, but in the second part, the individual mountain time trial, Maes won ten minutes on Vietto. Maes was now leading with a margin of 27 minutes, and the victory seemed secure.[3]

In the last stages, Maes was able to extend his lead with a few more minutes. Maes became the winner, with a margin of more than half an hour.

Classification leadership and minor prizes

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The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 79 cyclists that started the race, 49 finished.

For the mountains classification, 10 mountains were selected by the Tour organisation.[2] The mountains classification in 1939 was won by Sylvère Maes. The first cyclist to reach the top received 10 points, the second cyclist 9 points, and so on until the tenth cyclist who received 1 point.

The team classification was calculated in 1939 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner. In 1939, there were ten teams of eight cyclists. There were the national teams of Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and France. Belgium also sent a second team, "Belgium B". Finally, there were four regional French teams: North-East, West, South-West and South-East.[2] The South-West team was registered with eight cyclist, but only seven cyclists started the race. Only two of the South-West cyclists finished the race, so they were not in the team classification.

Classification leadership by stage[14]
Stage Winner General classification
 Mountains classification[b] Team classification
1 Romain Maes Amédée Fournier no award Belgium A
2a Éloi Tassin Romain Maes
2b Pierre Cloarec Jean Fontenay France-West
3 Raymond Louviot
4 Amédée Fournier René Vietto
5 Lucien Storme
6a Edmond Pagès
6b Raymond Passat
7 Marcel Kint Belgium B
8a Karl Litschi
8b Edward Vissers
9 Pierre Jaminet Edward Vissers
10a Pierre Jaminet
10b Maurice Archambaud
10c Maurice Archambaud
11 Fabien Galateau
12a François Neuens
12b Maurice Archambaud
13 Pierre Gallien
14 Pierre Cloarec
15 Sylvère Maes Sylvère Maes
16a Pierre Jaminet
16b Sylvère Maes Sylvère Maes
16c Antoon van Schendel
17a François Neuens
17b Maurice Archambaud
18a René Le Grevès
18b Marcel Kint
Final Sylvère Maes Sylvère Maes Belgium B

Final standings

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General classification

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Final general classification (1–10)[16]
Rank Rider Team Time
1  Sylvère Maes (BEL) Belgium 132h 03' 17"
2  René Vietto (FRA) South-East + 30' 38"
3  Lucien Vlaemynck (BEL) Belgium B + 32' 08"
4  Mathias Clemens (LUX) Luxembourg + 36' 09"
5  Edward Vissers (BEL) Belgium + 38' 05"
6  Sylvain Marcaillou (FRA) France + 45' 16"
7  Albertin Disseaux (BEL) Belgium B + 46' 54"
8  Jan Lambrichs (NED) Netherlands + 48' 01"
9  Albert Ritserveldt (BEL) Belgium B + 48' 27"
10  Cyriel Vanoverberghe (BEL) Belgium B + 49' 44"

Mountains classification

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Mountains in the mountains classification[2][17]
Stage Rider Height Mountain range Winner
9 Aubisque 1,709 metres (5,607 ft) Pyrenees Edward Vissers
9 Tourmalet 2,115 metres (6,939 ft) Pyrenees Edward Vissers
9 Aspin 1,489 metres (4,885 ft) Pyrenees Edward Vissers
13 Braus 1,002 metres (3,287 ft) Alps-Maritimes Sylvère Maes
15 Allos 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) Alps Edward Vissers
15 Vars 2,110 metres (6,920 ft) Alps Edward Vissers
15 Izoard 2,361 metres (7,746 ft) Alps Sylvère Maes
16a Galibier 2,556 metres (8,386 ft) Alps Dante Gianello
16 Iseran 2,770 metres (9,090 ft) Alps Sylvère Maes
17a Faucille 1,320 metres (4,330 ft) Alps Sylvère Maes
Final mountains classification (1–10)[2][18][19]
Rank Rider Team Points
1  Sylvère Maes (BEL) Belgium 86
2  Edward Vissers (BEL) Belgium 84
3  Albert Ritseveldt (BEL) Belgium B 71
4  Dante Gianello (FRA) France 61
5  René Vietto (FRA) South-East 22
5  Christophe Didier (LUX) Luxembourg 22
7  Victor Cosson (FRA) France 18
8  Pierre Gallien (FRA) North-East 17
9  Louis Thiétard (FRA) North-East 16
9  Oreste Bernardoni (FRA) South-East 16

Team classification

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Final team classification (1–9)[6][20]
Rank Team Time
1 Belgium B 398h 17' 20"
2 France + 35' 47"
3 Belgium + 36' 18"
4 Luxembourg + 1h 12' 35"
5 France North-East + 1h 23' 20"
6 France South-East + 1h 38' 09"
7 Netherlands + 2h 06' 07"
8 France West + 5h 50' 37"
9 Switzerland + 6h 45' 27"

Aftermath

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Although he did not win the race, René Vietto became a popular cyclist. He was the most popular runner-up in France until Raymond Poulidor.[6]

The sales of the organising newspaper l'Auto had dropped to 164000, and the newspaper was sold to Raymond Patenôtre.[21] A few months after Germany had conquered France in the Second World War, Patenôtre sold l'Auto to the Germans.[22]

Directly after the Tour, the organisation announced the 1940 Tour de France would be run in 20 stages and five rest days.[23] But the Second World War made it impossible to hold a Tour de France in the next years, although some replacing races were held. Only in 1947 would the Tour be held again, and Vietto would again play an important role then, holding the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification for 15 of the 21 stages.[24]

The victory of Maes would be the last Belgian Tour victory for 30 years, until Eddy Merckx won the 1969 Tour de France.[25]

Notes

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  1. ^ The icons shown here indicate whether the stage was run as a time trial, the stage was flat or the stage included mountains for the mountains classification. Stage 16b was a time trial that included a mountain.
  2. ^ No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.[15]

References

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  1. ^ Evanno, Yves-Marie (2013). "Du cliquetis des pédales au bruit des bottes : un été cycliste perturbé en Bretagne (juillet-septembre 1939)" (PDF) (in French). En Envor, revue d'histoire contemporaine en Bretagne. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "33ème Tour de France 1939" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f McGann & McGann 2006, pp. 144–147.
  4. ^ Applegate, Elizabeth A.; Grivetti, Louis E. (1997). "Search for the Competitive Edge: A History of Dietary Fads and Supplements". The Journal of Nutrition. 127 (5): 869S–873S. doi:10.1093/jn/127.5.869S. PMID 9164254.
  5. ^ Bowen 2006, p. 152.
  6. ^ a b c James, Tom (15 August 2003). "1939: "Le Roi René" and the regionals". VeloArchive. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  7. ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1939 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  8. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 178.
  9. ^ "Et voici, dix ans apres... Le Tour de France 1939" [And here, ten years later... The Tour de France 1939]. Le Miroir des sports (in French). 11 July 1939. p. 3 – via Gallica.
  10. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 37.
  11. ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2009.
  12. ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1939 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  13. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 108.
  14. ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1939" [Information about the Tour de France from 1939]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  15. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
  16. ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1939 – Stage by stage". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  17. ^ Augendre 2016, pp. 175–192.
  18. ^ Van Lonkhuyzen, Michiel. "Tour-Giro-Vuelta". Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  19. ^ "Le tableau d'honneur des grimpeurs du Tour 39" (in French). L'Auto No 15000. 30 July 1939. p. 3.
  20. ^ "De Ronde van Frankrijk – Sylver Maes winnaar" (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 31 July 1939. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  21. ^ Thompson 2008, p. 310.
  22. ^ Thompson 2008, p. 35.
  23. ^ "Novita per l'edizione 1940". Il littoriale (in Italian). Biblioteca digitale. 31 July 1939. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
  24. ^ James, Tom (15 August 2003). "1947: Robic snatches it at the death". VeloArchive. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  25. ^ "21 juli 1969. Eddy Merckx wint zijn eerste Tour" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 21 July 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2010.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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Media related to Tour de France 1939 at Wikimedia Commons

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