The 1955–56 French Rugby Union Championship of first division was contested by 48 clubs divided in six pools of eight. The five better of each pool and the two better sixths (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified to play a "single match play-off" tournament.
The Championship was won by Lourdes that beat Dax in the final.
Christian Lasserre, Jean Bachelé, André Bérilhe, Pierre Augé, René Lapique, Roland Darracq, Gaston Dubois, Daniel Labadie, Pierre Castra, Claude Boniface, Jean Susbielle, Paul Lasaosa, Jean Othats, Raymond Albaladejo, Pierre Albaladejo