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488 Madison Avenue

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Coordinates: 40°45′32″N 73°58′31″W / 40.75889°N 73.97528°W / 40.75889; -73.97528 (Look Building)
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488 Madison Avenue
The corner of the building at Madison Avenue and 52nd Street
Map
Alternative namesLook Building
General information
TypeOffice
Architectural styleInternational Style
LocationManhattan, New York, U.S.
Coordinates40°45′32″N 73°58′31″W / 40.75889°N 73.97528°W / 40.75889; -73.97528 (Look Building)
Named forLook magazine
Construction startedNovember 1948
Topped-outAugust 1949
OpenedEarly 1950
OwnerThe Feil Organization
Height304 ft (93 m)
Technical details
Floor count25
Design and construction
Architecture firmEmery Roth & Sons
Main contractorUris Brothers
Look Building
Location488 Madison Ave., New York, New York
Coordinates40°45′32″N 73°58′31″W / 40.75889°N 73.97528°W / 40.75889; -73.97528 (Look Building)
Arealess than one acre
Built1950 (1950)
ArchitectEmery Roth & Sons
Architectural styleInternational Style
NRHP reference No.05000087[1]
NYSRHP No.06101.015024
NYCL No.2376
Significant dates
Added to NRHPFebruary 24, 2005
Designated NYSRHPDecember 18, 2004[2]
Designated NYCLJuly 27, 2010

488 Madison Avenue, also known as the Look Building, is a 25-story office building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is along Madison Avenue's western sidewalk between 51st and 52nd Streets, near St. Patrick's Cathedral. 488 Madison Avenue was designed by Emery Roth & Sons in the International Style, and it was constructed and developed by Uris Brothers. The building was originally named for its primary tenant, the American magazine Look.

The building largely contains a facade of white brick, interspersed with horizontal strips of aluminum windows. The lowest two stories contain a main entrance on Madison Avenue as well as several glass-and-metal storefronts. The three sides are connected by curved walls. The exterior includes several setbacks to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution. Each of the building's stories contain an average floor area of 19,500 square feet (1,810 m2), a feature intended to maximize usable office space.

488 Madison Avenue was constructed from 1948 to 1950 as a speculative real estate development, without a main tenant. By late 1949, the building was completely leased, and it was named after Look magazine, which had signed a lease for several floors. 488 Madison Avenue remained the headquarters of Look until the magazine stopped publishing in 1971, although it continued to be known as the Look Building for several years. The building has been owned by John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and The Feil Organization since the 1970s. The Look Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005, and the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated it as an official landmark in 2010.

Site

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Refer to caption
Map of the site in 1955/1956

488 Madison Avenue is in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. The L-shaped land lot is bounded by Madison Avenue to the east, 52nd Street to the north, and 51st Street to the south.[3][4][5] The land lot covers approximately 21,600 square feet (2,010 m2),[4][6] with a frontage of 75 feet (23 m) on 52nd Street, 200 feet (61 m) on Madison Avenue, and 140 feet (43 m) on 51st Street.[5] The Olympic Tower, Cartier Building, and 647 Fifth Avenue are on the same block to the west, and 11 East 51st Street abuts 488 Madison Avenue along 51st Street. Other nearby buildings include St. Patrick's Cathedral to the south, Villard Houses and the Lotte New York Palace Hotel to the southeast, the CBS Studio Building to the northeast, and Omni Berkshire Place and 12 East 53rd Street to the north.[4]

In the 19th century, the site of 488 Madison Avenue was owned by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, which used the site for the Roman Catholic Asylum. The Archdiocese of New York built a boys' trade school on the site in 1893.[7][8] The school was housed in a four-story red brick building with turrets, as well as a main entrance with three doors.[9] The asylum sold off much of its land in 1902, and the trade school building became the Cathedral College,[7] which opened the following year.[10] The college moved from the site in 1942.[11] The surrounding stretch of Madison Avenue was largely residential until World War II, when commercial structures were constructed on the avenue.[12]

Architecture

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488 Madison Avenue, originally the Look Building, was designed by Emery Roth & Sons in the International Style and constructed by Uris Brothers between 1948 and 1950.[3][13] The two firms were extremely closely associated and collaborated on many projects in the mid-20th century,[14][15] and Emery Roth & Sons were particularly responsible for designing many of the modernist structures on Madison Avenue after World War II.[16][17] The contractors included steel supplier Harris Structural Steel Corporation and electrical engineer Henry Oehrig.[18] Some elements of the current design date from 1997, when Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates renovated the exterior.[13]

Architectural writer Robert A. M. Stern called the building among Emery Roth & Sons' "best postwar work".[8][17][19] Stern wrote that the building was influential in International Style Modernism because of its horizontal strip windows.[8][17] According to Stern, the Look Building was the first major design to be constructed by Emery Roth & Sons after its namesake, founder Emery Roth, had died.[17][20]

Facade

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Rounded setbacks of the building's facade
Setback detail

488 Madison Avenue contains 23 stories, with two additional mechanical stories at the top. The building's facade contains setbacks to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution.[3][21] On the southern facade, there are setbacks at the eighth and 11th floors. There are additional setbacks on all three sides at the 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 21st, and 23rd stories.[3][5] 488 Madison Avenue measures 308 feet (94 m) tall from ground level to roof.[22][23]

The design of the base dates to a renovation in the late 1980s. The base is two stories tall and consists of a wall of glass panels, some of which are tinted black. The main entrance is on Madison Avenue, at the center of that side, which slopes down toward 52nd Street.[3][24] The main entrance contains a revolving door between two swinging glass doors. These doors are recessed inside a passage paved with granite in light and dark gray shades.[25] Above the entrance is a marquee sign with the number "488". A row of cast stone panels runs above the base on all sides.[3][24] On either side of the main entrance, and on 51st and 52nd Streets, are aluminum storefronts.[25]

The remainder of the facade is mostly made of white brick with aluminum windows wrapping in a continuous ribbon around each floor. The windows are arranged into three horizontal rows of panes[5][19] and do not contain any columns behind them.[26] The design was intended to place an emphasis on the horizontal axis, as well as give a "light and cheerful" effect to the occupants by having continuous windows.[27][28] According to Percy Uris of Uris Brothers, "if a building has good lines, its simplicity will add to its beauty".[28][29] Curves at the building's corners connect each facade.[3][21] The curved corners contain a radius of 3.5 feet (1.1 m). Marv Rothenstein, an employee of Uris Brothers, stated that curved motifs were used frequently in the design.[21]

Features

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Refer to caption
Main entrance

The average office floor is designed with 19,500 square feet (1,810 m2) of office space, more than ninety percent of the lot area.[18] Richard Roth of Emery Roth and Sons believed that, in general, there were relatively few "good tenants" who were willing to occupy smaller floor areas. Accordingly, he sought to maximize usable office space in the company's buildings.[29][30] Harold Uris of Uris Brothers believed similarly, saying, "We had a policy of creating the greatest amount of space for the lowest cost."[31][32]

The materials in the lobby have been replaced, but its layout remains largely unchanged from the building's opening. The lobby floor is clad in white and black granite, and the walls are clad in limestone and contain terrazzo decorative elements. The original coved ceiling was replaced with a lower ceiling of a similar style. There are stainless steel doors on the elevators, which date from the original design.[33] Percy Uris sought to arrange the elevators so no patron would have to wait more than 35 seconds for a cab, and he also aimed to reduce pedestrian traffic congestion in the lobby.[28]

History

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Development

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The old Cathedral College at Madison Avenue, between 51st and 52nd Streets, was sold in October 1948 to the Uris Brothers for $2.6 million.[6][7] The following month, plans for 488 Madison Avenue were filed with the New York City Department of Buildings.[34] At the time, there was high demand for office space in Midtown Manhattan;[7] the new structure was one of eight ongoing projects in Manhattan that added a collective 3.628 million square feet (337,100 m2) of office space.[35] Uris Brothers publicly announced plans for 488 Madison Avenue in February 1949 as Cathedral College was being demolished.[9][17][34] When the building was announced, Architectural Forum said of the design, "Advocates of the strip window can chalk up another recruit to their ranks".[17][18][36] By that April, before construction had begun, tenants had already leased nine stories.[27][37][38]

The building's southeastern corner as seen from across Madison Avenue
View of the building's southeastern corner from across Madison Avenue. The St. Patrick's Cathedral parish house is at left.

The first steel arrived at the site on June 1, 1949. The construction of the steelwork was difficult because the facade's corners were curved, which required specially made steel parts.[39] According to The New York Times, the contractor hired three crews of seven riveters to construct the frame.[27][39][40] However, Marv Rothenstein stated that the work was completed by seven teams of four riveters each.[14] In any case, by August 7, the steel had been constructed to the nineteenth floor.[41] The steel frame was topped out at the end of that month, exactly twelve weeks after steel construction.[26][39] The New York Times called it "a post-war record for steel erection".[27][34][39] Afterward, the facade was erected at a rate of four windows a week.[27][34][39] By November 1949, all of the office space had been rented for long periods.[42][43] The first tenants moved to the building in early 1950,[34] and Uris Brothers took a mortgage loan of $7.5 million from the Prudential Life Insurance Company in May 1950.[44]

Early tenants

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Among the largest tenants was Cowles Magazines, the parent company of Look magazine, which initially took the 10th through 12th floors.[37][38][45] The magazine, founded in 1937, was rapidly expanding at the time, with a circulation of three million in 1948.[46] The building housed several other tenants in the publishing industry, including Seventeen magazine[47][48] and Pocket Books.[49][50] The building was subsequently named after Look magazine in early 1950, even though it had been planned as a speculative development.[45] Esquire magazine, which took the third and fourth floors, sought to prevent the building from being named after Look in June 1950. Esquire argued the building's renaming would make it appear as though Esquire's publications were associated with Look.[48][51] The lawsuit did not result in any significant action, as 488 Madison retained the "Look Building" name for decades.[48]

The other early tenants included the Schrafft's chain of restaurants, which took up parts of the basement and first floor, as well as a florist, tailor, women's accessories, and fabric sales agency.[52] The airline Linee Aeree Italiane took an office on the ground floor,[53] and the New York Trust Company leased a bank branch on the first floor and basement.[54][55] On the upper stories, a pair of life-insurance associations took the seventh through ninth floor, the Chemical Construction Company on the 15th and 16th floors, and the Katz Advertising Agency on the 20th floor.[27][37][38] Emery Roth & Sons leased some space in their own design,[56][57] as did Raymond Loewy,[56][58] who devised designs for the Scenicruiser bus model for Greyhound Lines at the building.[19] The Music Publishers Holding Company, a parent company of labels such as Harms, Inc., New World Music, Remick Music, and Witmark & Sons, also had space in the building.[5] One visitor to the company's fifth-floor music studio was Bob Dylan, who created some demo tracks in the early 1960s.[5][59]

Later use

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The 51st Street facade
Seen from 51st Street, with the Olympic Tower at left

The Look Building was purchased by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company in April 1953[60] and leased back to Uris that August.[61][62] In 1963, Cowles Magazines expanded its space in the building by 78,000 square feet (7,200 m2). Prior to the expansion, Cowles was already 488 Madison Avenue's largest tenant, with 125,000 square feet (11,600 m2).[63] At one point, the company had six stories in the building.[64] Look magazine ultimately went defunct in October 1971.[65] The leasehold for the building, excluding the land, was conveyed by Charles Benenson to John D. MacArthur in November 1973, although ownership of the land was not affected.[66] Around that time, ownership passed to a joint venture between John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and The Feil Organization.[5][19][67] By the late 20th century, the Institutional Investor magazine and Abbeville Press had also become tenants of 488 Madison Avenue.[5]

Despite Look magazine's closure, 488 Madison Avenue continued to be referred to as the Look Building.[56] The south side of the penthouse contained letters that spelled "Look Building" until at least 1980.[19][34] Horowitz Immerman Architects renovated the base in the late 1980s, replacing the original facade with a more modern design of steel and black glass. During the mid-1990s, Feil hired Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates to renovate the building.[5][13][19] The owners decided to restore the facade instead of rebuilding it because a facade restoration was cheaper, rather than because of aesthetic considerations.[19] During this restoration, the steel windows were replaced with aluminum-framed panes, the brick was cleaned and partially replaced, and the slate windowsills were replaced.[5] In addition, Fox & Fowle renovated the interior.[13] Following the end of the restoration, in late 1998, the Municipal Art Society hosted an exhibit on the building's restoration.[5]

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 2005,[1] and the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building as a city landmark on July 27, 2010.[68][69] The Feil Organization announced a renovation of the lobby in 2012 to designs by Goldstein, Hill & West Architects.[70] The work was completed early the following year.[71][72] By the mid-2010s, the building's tenants included law firms and advertising agencies.[67] In addition, the Feil Organization leased space to some online menswear shops in 2018.[73] The building's tenants in the early 2020s included clothing stores Bonobos, Indochino, and Untuckit, as well as the Municipal Art Society and Shawmut Design and Construction.[74] The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York is scheduled to relocate its main offices into the building in 2025.[75]

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b "National Register of Historic Places 2005 Weekly Lists" (PDF). National Park Service. 2005. p. 29. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  2. ^ "Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. November 7, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g National Park Service 2005, p. 3.
  4. ^ a b c "488 Madison Avenue, 10022". New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 8.
  6. ^ a b "Old College Sold on Madison Ave.; Former Cathedral Quarters to Be Replaced by a 22-Story Office Building" (PDF). The New York Times. October 20, 1948. p. 50. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 2.
  8. ^ a b c Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 416.
  9. ^ a b "Razing Landmark to Provide A Site For Tall Offices". The New York Times. February 6, 1949. p. R1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 105775560.
  10. ^ "Archbishop Farley's First Class of Would-be Priests; Head of the Catholic Archdiocese Spends Fifteen Hours Testing the Qualifications of Boys Anxious to Enter the New Cathedral College" (PDF). The New York Times. September 20, 1903. p. 29. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  11. ^ "Cathedral School in Its New Home; College Building in West End Avenue Formally Dedicated by Archbishop Spellman" (PDF). The New York Times. September 9, 1942. p. 19. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  12. ^ National Park Service 2005, p. 8.
  13. ^ a b c d White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  14. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 4.
  15. ^ Shachtman, Tom (1991). Skyscraper Dreams: The Great Real Estate Dynasties of New York. Little, Brown. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-316-78213-5. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  16. ^ National Park Service 2005, p. 9.
  17. ^ a b c d e f National Park Service 2005, p. 10.
  18. ^ a b c "Office Building Features Strip Windows" (PDF). Architectural Forum. April 1949. pp. 66, 70. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g Dunlap, David W. (April 29, 1998). "Commercial Real Estate; 'Twas a Looker in Its Day And Still Draws the Eye". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 19, 2019. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  20. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, pp. 50–51.
  21. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 6.
  22. ^ "Look Building - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. January 21, 2019. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  23. ^ "Look Building". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  24. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, pp. 13–14.
  25. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 9.
  26. ^ a b "New Madison Avenue Office Building Takes Shape". New York Herald Tribune. August 28, 1949. p. D1. ProQuest 1327491128.
  27. ^ a b c d e f National Park Service 2005, p. 11.
  28. ^ a b c "Hails 'Efficiency' of Modern Offices: Percy Uris Cites Factors That Contribute to Convenience of the Tenants". The New York Times. July 17, 1949. p. R9. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 105966002.
  29. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 5.
  30. ^ "Building Trends Outlined By Roth" (PDF). The New York Times. October 21, 1952. p. 49. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  31. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 3.
  32. ^ Kihss, Peter (March 29, 1982). "Harold Uris, Skyscraper Developer and Philanthropist, Is Dead at 76". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  33. ^ National Park Service 2005, p. 4.
  34. ^ a b c d e f Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 7.
  35. ^ "8 Buildings Adding 3,628,000 Sq. Feet of Office Quarters: Midtown District Keeps Lead as a Minor Boom Develops in Skyscraper Work". The New York Times. November 6, 1949. p. R1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 105916009.
  36. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, pp. 416–417.
  37. ^ a b c "Nine Floors Rented in 488 Madison Ave". The New York Times. April 3, 1949. p. R1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 105676243.
  38. ^ a b c "Nine Office Floors Leased In New Madison Av. Tower". New York Herald Tribune. April 3, 1949. p. C5. ProQuest 1325130172.
  39. ^ a b c d e "Steel Set Quickly on Office Building". The New York Times. August 28, 1949. p. R1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 105616784.
  40. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 417.
  41. ^ "Madison Avenue Office Building Takes Shape". New York Herald Tribune. August 7, 1949. p. D1. ProQuest 1327161252.
  42. ^ "Agents Complete Renting Of Madison Av. Building". New York Herald Tribune. November 4, 1949. p. 29. ProQuest 1326884005.
  43. ^ "488 Madison Ave. Gets Last Tenant: All Space Is Taken 2 Months Before Completion of Tall Offices by Uris Bros". The New York Times. November 6, 1949. p. R7. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 105908244.
  44. ^ "Prudential Makes Madison Ave. Loan; Takes $7,500,000 Mortgage at 4 % on Uris Bros. Offices, Now Reported Fully Rented" (PDF). The New York Times. May 3, 1950. p. 50. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  45. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 7; National Park Service 2005, pp. 11–12.
  46. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 7; National Park Service 2005, pp. 7–8.
  47. ^ "Magazine in Lease on Madison Avenue" (PDF). The New York Times. December 8, 1949. p. 60. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  48. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 7; National Park Service 2005, p. 12.
  49. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 8; National Park Service 2005, pp. 11–12.
  50. ^ "Book Concern Rents Big Unit On Madison Av.: Publisher of Pocket Works Will Use 19,500 Sq. Ft". New York Herald Tribune. June 6, 1949. p. 21. ProQuest 1327156557.
  51. ^ "Esquire Bars 'New Look'; Seeks Stay on Plan to Rename Building for Another Publisher". The New York Times. June 7, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  52. ^ "5 Stores Leased in Uris Building; Schrafft's Among Tenants Taking Space in 488 Madison Avenue--Other Renting" (PDF). The New York Times. April 26, 1950. p. B60. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  53. ^ "Commercial and Industrial Reports". New York Herald Tribune. July 23, 1950. p. 3C. ProQuest 1335461213.
  54. ^ "Bank Plans Branch; New York Trust Leases Quarters in 488 Madison Avenue" (PDF). The New York Times. July 11, 1949. p. 28. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  55. ^ "N. Y. Trust Company Takes Madison Av. Corner". New York Herald Tribune. July 11, 1949. p. 22. ProQuest 1326884450.
  56. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 8; National Park Service 2005, p. 12.
  57. ^ "Real Estate Notes". The New York Times. March 30, 1950. p. 52. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 111454073.
  58. ^ "Raymond Loewy Concern Leases on Madison Ave". New York Herald Tribune. October 5, 1949. p. 30. ProQuest 1327502168.
  59. ^ Heylin, Clinton (2003). Bob Dylan: Behind the Shades Revisited. HarperCollins. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-06-052569-9. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  60. ^ "Metropolitan Life Buys The Look Office Building" (PDF). The New York Times. April 21, 1953. p. 46. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  61. ^ "Builders Lease Back Madison Ave. Offices" (PDF). The New York Times. August 5, 1953. p. 41. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  62. ^ "Uris Affiliate Takes Lease Of 22-Story Look Building". New York Herald Tribune. August 5, 1953. p. 23. ProQuest 1322502876.
  63. ^ "Look Publishers Expand Quarters; Concern Increases Space at 488 Madison Ave. First Ave. Space Taken Store Leased in Co-op Ad Agency to Move" (PDF). The New York Times. October 18, 1963. p. B64. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  64. ^ National Park Service 2005, p. 12.
  65. ^ "Look's Workers Get Aid From Magazine In Finding New Jobs". The New York Times. October 3, 1971. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  66. ^ "News of the Realty Trade". The New York Times. November 18, 1973. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  67. ^ a b "488 Madison Avenue - TRD Research". The Real Deal. March 13, 2019. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  68. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2010, p. 1.
  69. ^ Raftery, Isolde (July 27, 2010). "Look Building Is Named a Landmark". City Room. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  70. ^ "Feil Plans Lobby Renovation at 488 Madison Ave". National Real Estate Investor. March 29, 2012. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  71. ^ "The Feil Organization Completes Multi-Million-Dollar Renovations at Two Landmark NYC Properties". National Real Estate Investor. March 7, 2013. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  72. ^ "Feil Organization Completes $5M Renovations of Two NYC Offices". Northeast Real Estate Business. March 12, 2013. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  73. ^ Fung, Esther (March 13, 2018). "A Manhattan Landlord Connects With Online Retail Upstarts". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  74. ^ "Newmark Secures 10,593-Square-Foot Lease for KTAP at Landmarked 488 Madison Avenue in Manhattan Real Estate Weekly". Real Estate Weekly. February 11, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  75. ^ "Cardinal Dolan Announces Relocation of New York Catholic Center". The Good Newsroom. January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.

Sources

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