Borolanite

Borolanite is an historical petrological name for a pyroxene-melanite bearing nepheline syenite variety which contains nepheline-alkali feldspar pseudomorphs interpreted to be after leucite which occur as conspicuous white spots in the dark rock matrix.^[1] The rock occurs in the Borralan Igneous Complex or Loch Borralan Complex which is an alkalic igneous complex near Loch Borralan in northwest Scotland.^[2]^[3]

The 1911 Britannica described borolanite as: one of the most remarkable rocks of the British Isles, found on the shores of Loch Borolan (Loch Borralan) in Sutherland, after which it has been named. In this locality there is a considerable area of granite rich in red alkali feldspar, and passing, by diminution in the amount of its quartz, into quartz-syenites and syenites. At the margins of the outcrop patches of nepheline syenite occur; usually the nepheline is decomposed, but occasionally it is well-preserved; the other ingredients of the rock are brown garnet (melanite) and aegirine. The abundance of melanite is very unusual in igneous rocks, though some syenites, leucitophyres, and aegirine-felsites resemble borolanite in this respect. In places the nepheline syenite assumes the form of a dark rock with large rounded white spots. These last consist of an intermixture of nepheline or sodalite and alkali-feldspar. From the analogy of certain leucite syenites which are known in Arkansas, it is very probable that these spots represent original leucites which have been changed into aggregates of the above-named minerals. They resemble leucite in their shape, but have not yet been proved to have its crystalline outlines. The pseudo-leucites, as they have been called, measure one-quarter to three-quarters of an inch across. The dark matrix consists of biotite, aegirine-augite and melanite. Connected with the borolanite there are other types of nepheline syenite and pegmatite. In Finland, melanite bearing nepheline rocks have been found and described as ijolite, but the only other locality for melanite-leucite-syenite is Magnet Cove igneous complex in Arkansas.^[4]

References

^ Parsons, I., Loch Borralan Intrusion, Volume 17: Caledonian Igneous Rocks of Great Britain Chapter 7: Late Ordovician to mid-Silurian alkaline intrusions of the North-west Highlands of Scotland, Geological Conservation Review, 2007, [1]
^ Searle, M.P., et al., Relationships Between the Loch Ailsh and Boralan Alkaline Intrusions and Thrusting in the Moine Thrust Zone, Southern Assynt Culmination, Northwest Scotland, pp 383-404 in Continental Tectonics and Mountain Building: The Legacy of Peach and Horne, Geological Society Of London, 2010, ISBN 978-1862393004
^ Loch Borralan: Alkaline igneous intrusions
^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Flett, John Smith (1911). "Borolanite". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 267.

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[1] Parsons, I., Loch Borralan Intrusion, Volume 17: Caledonian Igneous Rocks of Great Britain Chapter 7: Late Ordovician to mid-Silurian alkaline intrusions of the North-west Highlands of Scotland, Geological Conservation Review, 2007, [1]

[2] Searle, M.P., et al., Relationships Between the Loch Ailsh and Boralan Alkaline Intrusions and Thrusting in the Moine Thrust Zone, Southern Assynt Culmination, Northwest Scotland, pp 383-404 in Continental Tectonics and Mountain Building: The Legacy of Peach and Horne, Geological Society Of London, 2010, ISBN 978-1862393004

[3] Loch Borralan: Alkaline igneous intrusions

[EB1911-4] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Flett, John Smith (1911). "Borolanite". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 267.

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v t e Types of rocks
Igneous rock	Adakite Andesite Alkali feldspar granite Anorthosite Aplite Basalt Alkali basalt Picrite basalt Basaltic trachyandesite Mugearite Shoshonite Basanite Blairmorite Boninite Carbonatite Charnockite Enderbite Dacite Diabase Diorite Napoleonite Dunite Essexite Foidolite Gabbro Granite Granodiorite Granophyre Harzburgite Hornblendite Hyaloclastite Icelandite Ignimbrite Ijolite Kimberlite Komatiite Lamproite Lamprophyre Latite Lherzolite Monzogranite Monzonite Nepheline syenite Nephelinite Norite Obsidian Pegmatite Peridotite Phonolite Phonotephrite Porphyry Pumice Pyroxenite Quartz diorite Quartz monzonite Quartzolite Rhyodacite Rhyolite Comendite Pantellerite Scoria Shonkinite Sovite Syenite Tachylyte Tephriphonolite Tephrite Tonalite Trachyandesite Benmoreite Trachybasalt Hawaiite Trachyte Troctolite Trondhjemite Tuff Websterite Wehrlite
Sedimentary rock	Argillite Arkose Banded iron formation Breccia Calcarenite Chalk Chert Claystone Coal Conglomerate Coquina Diamictite Diatomite Dolomite Evaporite Flint Geyserite Greywacke Gritstone Itacolumite Jaspillite Laterite Lignite Limestone Lumachelle Marl Mudstone Oil shale Oolite Phosphorite Sandstone Shale Siltstone Sylvinite Tillite Travertine Tufa Turbidite Varve Wackestone
Metamorphic rock	Anthracite Amphibolite Blueschist Cataclasite Eclogite Gneiss Granulite Greenschist Hornfels Calcflinta Itabirite Litchfieldite Marble Migmatite Mylonite Metapelite Metapsammite Phyllite Pseudotachylite Quartzite Schist Serpentinite Skarn Slate Suevite Talc carbonate Soapstone Tectonite Whiteschist
Specific varieties	Adamellite Appinite Aphanite Borolanite Blue Granite Epidosite Felsite Flint Ganister Gossan Hyaloclastite Ijolite Jadeitite Jasperoid Kenyte Lapis lazuli Larvikite Litchfieldite Llanite Luxullianite Mangerite Novaculite Pietersite Pyrolite Rapakivi granite Rhomb porphyry Rodingite Shonkinite Taconite Tachylite Teschenite Theralite Unakite Variolite Wad