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Creek Fire (2020)

Coordinates: 37°11′29″N 119°15′40″W / 37.19147°N 119.261175°W / 37.19147; -119.261175
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with the Witch Creek Fire, Creek Fire (2006), Creek Fire (2017), or the December 2020 Creek Fire at Camp Pendleton.

Creek Fire
  • Top: The Creek Fire's smoke plume
  • Bottom left: A National Guard helicopter hovers above Mammoth Pool Reservoir
  • Bottom right: The fire burns trees and a manufactured home on September 8, 2020
Date(s)
  • September 4 (4-09) –
  • December 24, 2020 (2020-12-24)
  • (112 days)
LocationFresno County &
Madera County,
Central California, United States
Coordinates37°11′29″N 119°15′40″W / 37.19147°N 119.261175°W / 37.19147; -119.261175
Statistics[1][2]
Total area379,895 acres (153,738 ha; 594 sq mi; 1,537 km2)
Impacts
Deaths0
Non-fatal injuries26 (12 campers and 14 firefighters)[1][3]
Evacuated>30,000
Structures destroyed856
Damage>$500 million
(2020 USD)
Ignition
CauseUndetermined
Map
The footprint of the Creek Fire is shown in orange, and is shaped roughly like a crescent arc, with several protrusions, between Yosemite National Park to the north and Kings Canyon National Park to the south. A finger of the fire reaches out toward Mammoth Lakes, and another toward Lake Thomas A Edison. Fresno lies in the map's southwest corner.
The footprint of the Creek Fire, with Yosemite National Park at top and Fresno at bottom left
Creek Fire (2020) is located in California
Creek Fire (2020)
The general location of the Creek Fire in central California

The 2020 Creek Fire was a very large wildfire in central California's Sierra National Forest, in Fresno and Madera counties. One of the most significant fires of California's record-setting 2020 wildfire season, it began on September 4, 2020, and burned 379,895 acres (153,738 ha) over several months until it was declared 100% contained on December 24, 2020. The Creek Fire is the sixth-largest wildfire in recorded California history and the third-largest single fire—i.e. not part of a larger wildfire complex—following the 2021 Dixie Fire.[4]

Tens of thousands of residents in Fresno and Madera counties were forced to evacuate, and the fire also necessitated the helicopter rescue of hundreds of people by the California National Guard after they became trapped at Mammoth Pool Reservoir. Despite this, the fire caused zero fatalities, though there were more than twenty injuries. The Creek Fire destroyed hundreds of structures in Sierra Nevada communities, adding up to 856 buildings destroyed and dozens more damaged. The combined cost of the months-long firefighting effort and damage to private and county property exceeded $500 million.

Background

[edit]

The Creek Fire occurred amid an already quite active wildfire season in California, which until early September had largely been driven by an outbreak of dry thunderstorms in mid-August. Between August 15 and September 9 alone, more than 1.6 million acres (650,000 ha) had burned, more than five times California's average acreage burned by that date.[5] Over Labor Day weekend, the state suffered "one of its hottest weekends in memory", leading the National Weather Service to issue widespread heat advisories and red flag warnings. The first two days of the Creek Fire's growth saw abnormally hot and dry conditions for the region.[6][7]

The Creek Fire burned largely in the Sierra National Forest, which spans more than 1.3 million acres (530,000 ha) at an elevation range of ~900–14,000 feet (270–4,270 m).[8][6] The burn area largely comprised mixed coniferous forest containing ponderosa pine, sugar pine, white fir, incense-cedar, and California black oak trees.[6] Bark beetle infestation and California's drought between 2012 and 2016 killed almost 150 million trees in the Sierra Nevada,[9] including more than 36 million trees in the Sierra National Forest alone between 2015 and 2019—the most of any national forest in California. Tree mortality rates reached 80% in what became the Creek Fire footprint.[10] The U.S. Forest Service estimated that dead stands of trees that burned in the fire contained 2,000 tons of fuel for every one acre (0.40 ha).[9]

Progression

[edit]
GOES-17 satellite imagery of a pyrocumulonimbus cloud exploding above the Creek Fire on September 5

September 4–5

[edit]

According to the U.S. Forest Service, the Creek Fire began at approximately 6:45 p.m. PDT on Friday, September 4, 2020, in the Big Creek drainage area between Shaver Lake, Big Creek, and Huntington Lake, California. The fire had burned 2,000 acres (810 ha) by the following morning and 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) by that afternoon.[11]

Driven by powerful diurnal up-canyon winds within the San Joaquin River drainage, the Creek Fire quickly became a firestorm. Roughly eighteen hours after the fire had begun, the Creek Fire began producing a pyrocumulonimbus cloud, which, observed by radar and satellite, became one of the largest such events on record in the United States, or even North America.[12][13][14][a] The fire was fed in part by these cloud formations, which generated downdrafts that supplied the fire with additional oxygen and pushed it across fire lines.[15] The fire has been characterized as a plume-dominated blaze, where the environment allows for the continued upward blowing of smoke and the vertical transfer of heat, causing extreme fire behavior, such as multiple fire tornadoes observed using Doppler weather radar data.[5]

The Creek Fire also spawned two fire tornadoes on September 5; the first was rated EF2 near Huntington Lake with approximately 125 mph winds, and the second was rated EF1 near Mammoth Pool with approximately 100 mph winds. Damage included uprooted pine trees as well as stripped bark. These "firenadoes" formed due to the intense heat the fire had generated, which pulled in air, creating rotational vortices.[16] The Mammoth Pool firenado trapped hundreds of campers in the area, while the Huntington Lake one caused severe damage to trees in the Camp Silver Fir, B.S.A. & Kennolyn Camps area, and continued to attack their root systems a week later, burning underground at over 1,500 °F (820 °C).[17]

The fire had initially trapped about 1,000 people near Mammoth Pool Reservoir after it jumped the San Joaquin River, with at least 200 individuals trapped at a boat launch.[5] The California National Guard, using CH-47 Chinook and UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters and night goggles, flew multiple sorties to evacuate people from near Mammoth Pool Reservoir.[18] The Chinook flew three flights, carrying 67, 102, and 37 people each time (not including crew). The Black Hawk flew another three times, carrying 15, 22, and 21 people each time. Evacuees were taken to an airfield in Fresno.[citation needed]

September 6–9

[edit]

Within the first four days, the Creek Fire rapidly exploded, expanding anywhere between 20,000 acres (81 km2) to 50,000 acres (200 km2) each day from September 4–9. Reasons for this explosive behavior included strong, gusty winds pushing east from the Central Valley into the Sierra Nevada and a pileup of dead trees due to the 2011–17 California drought and subsequent bark beetle infestation.[19]

September 10 onwards

[edit]

Thick smoke lying over the fire, as well as reduced winds and lower temperatures, allowed firefighters to notch six percent containment by September 10.[20]

With over 290,000 acres (1,200 km2) burned on September 23, the Creek Fire became the largest single blaze (i.e. not a wildfire complex) in the history of California, though it was surpassed just one year later by the 2021 Dixie Fire in Northern California.[21]

Over the next month, the Creek Fire continued to grow in size, exceeding 300,000 acres (120,000 ha) on September 27. In October, most of the new growth in the Creek Fire was coming from the eastern flank of the fire, which was expanding towards Mono Hot Springs and Lake Thomas A Edison. On October 26, the Creek Fire had grown to 369,362 acres (149,475 ha), while containment was at 63 percent.

The fire was fully contained on December 24.[22]

Cause

[edit]

The U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement and Investigations department led the investigation into the cause of the Creek Fire, with assistance from the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).[23] On July 16, 2021, the U.S. Forest Service announced that the results of its months-long investigation into the cause of the Creek Fire had been inconclusive. According to Dean Gould, the supervisor of the Sierra National Forest, investigators "spent countless hours hiking rugged terrain to determine the cause, interviewed numerous leads, and eliminated multiple potential causes." The Forest Service ruled out that the fire had been sparked by equipment use, an escaped campfire, powerlines, or spontaneous combustion, among multiple other discarded possibilities. Investigators judged that the "most probable cause" of the fire was a lightning strike, but noted that they could not rule out arson or smoking.[24][25] The lightning strike assessment was substantiated by a Douglas fir snag, bearing signs of lightning damage, that early-arriving firefighters had seen going up in flames.[26] The Creek Fire's cause is officially listed as "undetermined".[4]

Effects

[edit]
Map
An interactive map of the Creek Fire's perimeter

The Creek Fire caused zero fatalities;[27] an early report of one death by the Fresno Fire Department never materialized.[28] Twenty of those trapped at Mammoth Pool Reservoir were injured, with some subset of them taken to hospitals after the evacuation flights. Two people, including a 14-year-old girl, were badly burned and initially in "very serious condition". The other injuries ranged from abrasions to broken bones.[8]

Damage

[edit]

The cost of the Creek Fire exceeded $500 million. The Sierra National Forest calculated the cost of fighting the fire at $193 million, and Fresno county supervisor Nathan Magsig put the cost of private property damage at no less than $250 million and the cost of damage to county assets (such as roads) at $20–30 million.[23]

The Creek Fire destroyed 856 structures in total, damaging a further 71.[27] Half the homes in Big Creek were reported to have been destroyed by the fire.[29][30]

On September 17, the Boy Scouts of America - Southern Sierra Council announced that the fire had badly damaged Camp Kern, with some significant structures fully destroyed by the fire.[31]

On September 9, at least 60 homes were destroyed and 278 commercial-residential structures were destroyed along with the historic Cressman's General Store, a local-landmark.[32] On September 9, the fire reached explosives stored by the China Peak Mountain Resort, used to control avalanches. The cache exploded, doing some damage to the resort. Firefighters had been warned of the cache and evacuated prior to the fire reaching the explosive materials, and no injuries resulted.[33][20]

Closures and evacuations

[edit]

On September 5, hours after the fire broke out, the Fresno County Sheriff's Office closed Shaver Lake, a popular destination for boating and camping. The California Highway Patrol also shut down California State Route 168 for access only to emergency responders and evacuees.[34]

On September 7, California governor Gavin Newsom issued a state of emergency for the Creek Fire in the Fresno, Madera, and Mariposa counties, as the fire crossed State Route 168 and was rapidly moving southward, threatening the community of Shaver Lake. The town of Big Creek was already decimated on September 5. 1,000 firefighters were called to fight this fire, which was already 78,000 acres (320 km2) large with no containment, moving quickly towards cabins, homes, and shops.[35]

Firefighters extinguish a controlled burn to stop the spread of the Creek Fire
A color-coded map of the Creek Fire's day-by-day progression as of October 26, 2020

Scores of people were airlifted from hiking trails within the Sierra National Forest in the early days of the fire, with at least 150 people and some dogs evacuated by September 8.[36]

Evacuations were issued in North Fork, Bass Lake, Big Creek, Shaver, Huntington Lake, Tollhouse and Auberry, California.[37]

By September 22, the fire had forced the evacuation of over 30,000 people in Fresno and Madera Counties.[1][38]

Multiple organizations and locations housed pets and livestock during the evacuations, such as the Fresno Fairgrounds,[39] Clovis Rodeo Grounds and local high schools.[40] The Red Cross organized hotel rooms for evacuees; group shelters were not an available option due to COVID-19 pandemic social distancing requirements.[32]

Two people were arrested for entering evacuation zones illegally on September 9.[33]

Environmental impacts

[edit]

Smoke from the fire worsened the air quality in the Central Valley area and caused an increase in at-risk individuals and children to be affected by respiratory issues and an increase in the use and prescribing of inhalers.[41]

A study published in Forest Ecology and Management in 2022 found that 41% of the area burned in the Creek Fire did so at high severity, 35% at moderate severity, 21% at low severity, and 3% at a severity that left the area unchanged.[6]

Political response

[edit]

On September 15, Gavin Newsom and California senator Kamala Harris travelled to Fresno County to survey fire damage. They were met with both supporters and protestors. They talked to first responders about their efforts to fight the fire, as well as wildfire evacuees. Forrest mis-management and neglect was never addressed.[42] [43] An Auberry family accused the pair of using their property for photo-op purposes before even the family themselves could survey the damage.[44][45]

Growth and containment

[edit]
Fire containment status[2]
Gray: contained; Red: active; %: percent contained;
Date Area burned
(in acres) 		Personnel Containment
Sep 5 36,000 ...
0%
Sep 6 73,278 ...
0%
Sep 7 78,790 ...
0%
Sep 8 152,833 ...
0%
Sep 9 163,138 ...
0%
Sep 10 175,893 ...
0%
Sep 11 182,225 ...
6%
Sep 12 196,667 ...
8%
Sep 13[46] 201,908 2,301 personnel
8%
Sep 14 212,744 ...
16%
Sep 15 228,025 ...
18%
Sep 16[47] 220,025 2,878 personnel
18%
Sep 17 246,756 ...
20%
Sep 18[48] 248,256 2,978 personnel
20%
Sep 19 271,938 ...
25%
Sep 20[49] 278,368 2,915 personnel
25%
Sep 21 280,425 ...
30%
Sep 22[50] 283,724 3,171 personnel
30%
Sep 23[51] 286,519 3,106 personnel
32%
Sep 24[52] 291,426 3,075 personnel
34%
Sep 25[53] 291,426 3,085 personnel
36%
Sep 26[54] 292,172 3,263 personnel
39%
Sep 27[55] 302,870 3,263 personnel
39%
Sep 28[56] 304,640 3,172 personnel
39%
Sep 29[57] 305,204 3,675 personnel
44%
Sep 30[58] 307,051 1,837 personnel
44%
Oct 1[59] 309,033 1,919 personnel
44%
Oct 2[60] 311,703 1,974 personnel
45%
Oct 3 313,044 ...
49%
Oct 4 316,673 ...
49%
Oct 5 322,089 ...
48%
Oct 6 326,706 ...
49%
Oct 7 328,595 ...
49%
Oct 8 330,899 ...
49%
Oct 9 331,954 ...
49%
Oct 10 333,350 ...
49%
Oct 11 333,350 ...
55%
Oct 12 333,350 ...
55%
Oct 13 337,655 ...
55%
Oct 14[61] 337,655 1,369 personnel
55%
Oct 15[62] 341,722 964 personnel
55%
Oct 16[63] 344,042 987 personnel
60%
Oct 17[64] 346,477 983 personnel
60%
Oct 18 348,085 ...
60%
Oct 19 350,331 ...
61%
Oct 20 352,339 ...
61%
... ... ... ...
Oct 22 357,656 ...
61%
... ... ... ...
Oct 25 360,834 ...
61%
Oct 26 369,362 ...
63%
Oct 27 374,466 ...
63%
Oct 28 378,701 ...
63%
... ... ... ...
Nov 1[65] 380,345 961 personnel
70%
Nov 2[66] 380,663 865 personnel
70%
Nov 3[67] 378,201 878 personnel
70%
Nov 4[68] 378,730 896 personnel
70%
... ... ... ...
Nov 7[69] 379,716 868 personnel
70%
... ... ... ...
Nov 13[70] 379,802 428 personnel
70%
Nov 14[71] 379,802 428 personnel
70%
Nov 15[72] 379,802 356 personnel
78%
Nov 16[73] 379,895 335 personnel
78%
Nov 17[74] 379,895 361 personnel
78%
Nov 18[75] 379,895 286 personnel
78%
Nov 19[76] 379,895 235 personnel
78%
Nov 20[77] 379,895 230 personnel
85%
... ... ... ...
Dec 24[22] 379,895 ...
100%

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ From the Lee, Mirocha, Laureau, et al. source: "...superlative pyroCb depth (the deepest on record for North America in a decades-long community archive of pyroCbs...) From the NASA source: “The pyrocumulonimbus cloud created aerosol index values indicate that this is one of the largest (if not the largest) pyroCb events seen in the United States..."

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Creek Fire". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. October 26, 2020. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Creek Fire Information". inciweb.nwcg.gov. InciWeb. November 23, 2020. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  3. ^ "Creek Fire Update: National Guard Helicopter Rescue Missions Turned Back By Heavy Smoke; Fire Grows To 135,523 Acres; One Death In Fire". September 7, 2020. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Top 20 Largest California Wildfires" (PDF). www.fire.ca.gov. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire). October 24, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Freedman, Andrew (September 6, 2020). "California endures record-setting 'kiln-like' heat as fires rage, causing injuries". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d Stephens, Scott L.; Bernal, Alexis A.; Collins, Brandon M.; Finney, Mark A.; Lautenberger, Chris; Saah, David (August 15, 2022). "Mass fire behavior created by extensive tree mortality and high tree density not predicted by operational fire behavior models in the southern Sierra Nevada" (PDF). Forest Ecology and Management. 518: 120258. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120258. ISSN 0378-1127. Retrieved November 2, 2023 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  7. ^ "Previous tree mortality and density big factors in the devastating 2020 Creek Fire". forests.berkeley.edu. Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley. May 18, 2022. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  8. ^ a b Vigdor, Neil; Morales, Christina; Pietsch, Bryan (September 6, 2020). "Helicopters Rescue About 200 Trapped in California Wildfire". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  9. ^ a b Boxall, Bettina (September 13, 2020). "150 million dead trees could fuel unprecedented firestorms in the Sierra Nevada". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  10. ^ Kasler, Dale; Reese, Phillip (September 9, 2020). "'Ground zero' for dead trees. How California mega-drought turned Creek Fire into inferno". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  11. ^ Wigglesworth, Alex; Watanabe, Teresa (September 5, 2020). "Massive Sierra fire traps people at Mammoth Pool; 10 injured, rescue operation underway". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  12. ^ Mishanec, Nora (September 10, 2020). "'Fire-breathing dragon of clouds': Formation over Creek Fire said to be biggest in US history". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  13. ^ Lee, Jungmin M.; Mirocha, Jeffrey D.; Lareau, Neil P.; Whitney, Taylor; To, Wing; Kochanski, Adam; Lassman, William (August 28, 2023). "Sensitivity of Pyrocumulus Convection to Tree Mortality During the 2020 Creek Fire in California". Geophysical Research Letters. 50 (16). doi:10.1029/2023GL104193. ISSN 0094-8276.
  14. ^ Jenner, Lynn (September 8, 2020). "California's Creek Fire Creates Its Own Pyrocumulonimbus Cloud". NASA. Archived from the original on September 12, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
  15. ^ Murphy, Paul (September 9, 2020). "The Creek Fire is creating massive thunderhead clouds that are fueling its growth". The Mercury News. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  16. ^ Jenn, Selva (September 24, 2020). "California's largest single wildfire spawned two massive firenados -- one was an EF2". CNN. Archived from the original on October 5, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  17. ^ Anteola, Bryant-Jon (September 13, 2020). "'Fire tornado' hit Huntington Lake, with some roots still burning at more than 1,500 degrees". The Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
  18. ^ "After a daring rescue in 'apocalyptic' wildfire conditions, the military prepares for a long fight". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  19. ^ Yurong, Dale (September 9, 2020). "Creek Fire: Wildfire burning at historic pace through Sierra Nevada". KFSN. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  20. ^ a b Money, Luke; Smith, Hayley; Barboza, Tony; Serna, Joseph; St. John, Paige; Reyes-Velarde, Alejandra (September 10, 2020). "Death toll rises as California wildfires continue destructive path". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 17, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  21. ^ Julia Jacobo (September 24, 2020). "Creek Fire becomes largest single blaze in California history". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 5, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  22. ^ a b Olow, Alex (December 24, 2020). "Sierra National Forest Declares the Creek Fire 100% contained". United States Department of Agriculture. Sierra National Forest. Archived from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  23. ^ a b Tobias, Manuela (December 31, 2020). "Creek Fire is a $500 million-plus mystery. How investigators plan to solve the case". The Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  24. ^ Colon, Brisa (July 16, 2021). "Cause of California's single largest wildfire ever is undetermined, fire officials say". CNN. Archived from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  25. ^ Olow, Alex (July 16, 2021). "Forest Service Announces Cause of 2020 Creek Fire". Sierra National Forest. U.S. Forest Service. Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  26. ^ Armstrong, Warren (September 7, 2021). "1 Year Later: The investigation into the cause of the Creek Fire". KFSN-TV. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  27. ^ a b "Creek Fire". www.fire.ca.gov. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire). Archived from the original on October 19, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  28. ^ Healy, Jack; Taylor, Kate; Penn, Ivan (September 7, 2020). "California Wildfires: Extreme Heat Turns State Into a Furnace". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 16, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  29. ^ Warszawski, Marek (September 6, 2020). "Creek Fire consumes half the homes in tiny town. 'Words cannot describe the devastation'". Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  30. ^ Romero, Sheyenne N. (September 6, 2020). "More than 200 campers rescued by helicopter as Creek Fire prompts state of emergency in California: What we know". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  31. ^ Staff, BakersfieldNow (September 17, 2020). "Camp Kern destroyed by Creek Fire". KBAK. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  32. ^ a b Hughes, Trevor (September 9, 2020). "The human toll of Creek Fire: 'Our entire community is gone'". VisaliaTimesDelta.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  33. ^ a b Yeager, Joshua (September 11, 2020). "'A real milestone': Creek Fire reaches 6% containment, 175,000 acres burned". Visalia Times-Delta. Archived from the original on February 6, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  34. ^ "Wildfire forces evacuation, closed access to California lake". Associated Press. San Diego Union Tribune. September 5, 2020. Archived from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  35. ^ Romero, Sheyanne N (September 7, 2020). "Gov. Newsom announces state of emergency after Creek Fire tears through 78,000 acres". Visalia Times-Delta. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  36. ^ Favro, Marianne (September 8, 2020). "3 South Bay Backpackers Rescued From Raging Creek Fire". NBC Bay Area. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
  37. ^ "Creek Fire forces evacuation of entire town in central California". KTLA5. September 8, 2020. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  38. ^ Ortiz, John Bacon, Trevor Hughes and Jorge L. (September 9, 2020). "'We could hear the trees exploding': Deadly swath of wildfires rage in the West; death toll rises to 6". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ^ Girardin, Shayla (September 10, 2020). "Fresno Fairgrounds opens as an animal evacuation shelter, donations needed". ABC30 Fresno. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  40. ^ Price, Nancy (September 9, 2020). "Animals Find Shelter from Creek Fire at Clovis North, Clovis Rodeo Grounds". GV Wire. Archived from the original on September 12, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  41. ^ Yurong, Dale (September 17, 2020). "Creek Fire: More Valley kids experiencing respiratory issues since wildfire started". ABC30 Fresno. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  42. ^ Gonzalez, Liz (September 15, 2020). "Sen. Kamala Harris tours Creek Fire damage, visits evacuees". KMPH-TV. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  43. ^ Yeager, Joshua (September 15, 2020). "Kamala Harris on global warming: 'This is not a partisan issue. It's just a fact'". Visalia Times-Delta. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  44. ^ Edinger, Marie (September 16, 2020). "Auberry family says Harris and Newsom trespassed in damaged home for photo op". KMPH-TV. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  45. ^ Collman, Ashley (September 18, 2020). "A California family is accusing Kamala Harris and Gov. Gavin Newsom of trespassing on their wildfire-ravaged property for a photo op". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  46. ^ "Creek Fire Incident Update for September 13, 2020". InciWeb. September 13, 2020. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020.
  47. ^ "Creek Fire Daily Update: September 16, 2020". InciWeb. September 16, 2020. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020.
  48. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 18, 2020". InciWeb. September 18, 2020. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020.
  49. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 20, 2020". InciWeb. September 20, 2020. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021.
  50. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 22, 2020". InciWeb. September 22, 2020. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020.
  51. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 23, 2020". InciWeb. September 23, 2020. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020.
  52. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 24, 2020". InciWeb. September 24, 2020. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020.
  53. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 25, 2020". InciWeb. September 25, 2020. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020.
  54. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 26, 2020". InciWeb. September 26, 2020. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020.
  55. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 27, 2020". InciWeb. September 27, 2020. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020.
  56. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 28, 2020". InciWeb. September 28, 2020. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020.
  57. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 29, 2020". InciWeb. September 29, 2020. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020.
  58. ^ "Creek Fire Update for September 30, 2020". InciWeb. September 30, 2020. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020.
  59. ^ "Creek Fire Update for October 1, 2020". InciWeb. October 1, 2020. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020.
  60. ^ "Creek Fire Update for October 2, 2020". InciWeb. October 2, 2020. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022.
  61. ^ "Creek Fire South Zone AM Update 10.14.2020". InciWeb. October 14, 2020. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020.
  62. ^ "Creek Fire South Zone AM Update 10.15.20". InciWeb. October 15, 2020. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020.
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  64. ^ "Creek Fire South Zone AM Update 10.17.20". InciWeb. October 17, 2020. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020.
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  72. ^ "Creek Fire Morning Update, November 15". InciWeb. November 15, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020.
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  74. ^ "Creek Fire Morning Update, November 17". InciWeb. November 17, 2020. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020.
  75. ^ "Fire Morning Update, November 18, 2020". InciWeb. November 18, 2020. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020.
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