Dominique You
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Dominique You or Youx (born Frederic You or Youx, c. 1775 – November 15, 1830) was a French privateer, soldier, and politician.
Biography
[edit]According to information he provided to his masonic lodge in New Orleans, he was born in Cette (now spelled Sète) in Languedoc, France.[1] (Contrary to the spurious Journal of Jean Laffite, he was not the older brother of Pierre and Jean Laffite.) He served as an artilleryman in the French Revolutionary Army. In 1802 he accompanied General Charles Leclerc's expedition to quell Toussaint Louverture's Haitian Revolution.
Following the failure of this expedition, Dominique You managed to reach Louisiana, where it is sometimes alleged thousands of pirates were based at that time. He appears to have joined Jean Lafitte and Pierre Lafitte. He became the captain of the pirate ship Le Pandoure. He was nicknamed "Captain Dominique" by the French and "Johnness" by the Americans. He acquired a reputation for being very bold and daring. During the next few years he and the Lafitte brothers became successful smugglers in the Louisiana bayous. As pirates, they preyed on Spanish ships in the Gulf of Mexico, doing extensive damage to Spanish commerce. On one occasion, a hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico caused severe damage to Le Pandoure and almost killed Captain You.
From 1804, the governor of newly American Louisiana (or "the Territory of Orleans"), William C. C. Claiborne, was making efforts to suppress piracy. In July 1814, Dominique You was publicly identified as a pirate. In September 1814, he was in charge of the privateer settlement at Barataria Bay when it was captured by American forces; he was taken prisoner along with other Baratarian pirates and imprisoned in the Cabildo in New Orleans.[2][3]
Soon, however, in the context of the ongoing War of 1812, Jean Lafitte had the opportunity to offer to help General Andrew Jackson defend New Orleans against the impending British invasion, in exchange for a pardon for him and his pirate crews. Jackson accepted this offer, and You was appointed commander of a company of artillery which was composed of the Baratarians' best gunners. Compared to the official American forces, the pirates fought particularly well in the Battle of New Orleans on January 8, 1815, and were mentioned in Major General Andrew Jackson's general order of January 21 for having shown uncommon gallantry and skill in the field.
As a result of this success, the charges against the Baratarians and Dominique You were dropped. After the battle, You settled in New Orleans where he became involved in politics as a partisan of Andrew Jackson. You died in New Orleans in 1830, receiving a military funeral at public expense. His grave bears a Freemasonic symbol.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Tableau of La Concorde No. 3 Lodge, New Orleans, Grand Lodge of Louisiana (1815).
- ^ Tucker, Spencer (2012). The Encyclopedia Of the War of 1812. ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-85109-956-6.
- ^ Remini, Robert (2001). The Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson and America's First Military Victory. Penguin Books. p. 42.
External links
[edit]- Dominique You Papers Archived 2020-03-26 at the Wayback Machine at The Historic New Orleans Collection
- 1770s births
- 1830 deaths
- 18th-century French people
- 19th-century French people
- 19th-century American politicians
- 19th-century pirates
- 19th-century French criminals
- People from Sète
- Politicians from New Orleans
- French privateers
- Haitian pirates
- American pirates
- French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
- People of the Haitian Revolution
- American people of the War of 1812
- People from Saint-Domingue
- French emigrants to the United States
- Louisiana Jacksonians
- Battle of New Orleans
- Piracy in the United States
- Piracy in the Caribbean