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Gympie

Coordinates: 26°11′24″S 152°39′56″E / 26.19°S 152.6655°E / -26.19; 152.6655 (Gympie (town centre))
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Gympie (disambiguation).

Gympie
Queensland
Gympie Town Hall, 2015
Gympie is located in Queensland
Gympie
Gympie
Coordinates26°11′24″S 152°39′56″E / 26.19°S 152.6655°E / -26.19; 152.6655 (Gympie (town centre))
Population22,424 (2021 census)[1] (60th)
 • Density322.65/km2 (835.7/sq mi)
Established1867
Postcode(s)4570
Elevation73 m (240 ft)
Area69.5 km2 (26.8 sq mi)[2]
Location
LGA(s)Gympie Region
State electorate(s)Gympie
Federal division(s)Wide Bay
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
27.1 °C
81 °F		 13.6 °C
56 °F		 1,132.9 mm
44.6 in
Localities around Gympie:
Two Mile Araluen Victory Heights
Widgee Crossing North Gympie Victory Heights
Southside Monkland Monkland

Gympie (/ˈɡɪmpi/ GHIM-pee)[3] is a city and a locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia.[4][5] Located in the Greater Sunshine Coast,[6] Gympie is about 170.7 kilometres (110 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane. The city lies on the Mary River, which floods Gympie occasionally. The locality of Gympie is the central business district for the city of Gympie and also the administrative centre for the Gympie Region local government area. In the 2021 census, Gympie had an urban population of 22,424 people.[1]

Gympie is famous for its gold field.[7] It contains a number of historic buildings registered on the Queensland Heritage Register.

History

[edit]
Gold mining leases and claims on the Deep Lead, 1869
Gympie Hospital, 1891

Gubbi Gubbi (Kabi Kabi, Cabbee, Carbi, Gabi Gabi) is an Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken by the indigenous peoples of the Sunshine Coast Region and Gympie Region, particularly the towns of Caloundra, Noosa Heads, Gympie and extending north towards Maryborough and south to Caboolture.[8]

Gympie's name derives from the Gubbi Gubbi word gimpi-gimpi, which means "stinging tree"[9] and refers to Dendrocnide moroides. The tree has large, round leaves that have similar properties to stinging nettles. The city was previously named Nashville, after James Nash, who discovered gold in the area in 1867.[10] The name was changed to Gympie in 1868.[11] Graziers were the original European settlers. Subsequently, James Nash reported the discovery of 'payable' alluvial gold on 16 October 1867.[12] At the time of Nash's discovery, Queensland was suffering from a severe economic depression. Nash saved Queensland from bankruptcy. A memorial fountain in Gympie's Park honours Nash's discovery.[12] The Gympie Gold Rush Festival celebrates the event today. The Gold Rush Festival holds 10 days of cultural events in October.[13] Gold mining still plays a role in the area's fortunes, along with agriculture (dairy predominantly), timber and tourism. The gold rush's rapid development led to streets that are in an irregular fashion.[14]

Nashville Masonic Lodge opened on 24 March 1869 in Duke Street. The first Master was Edward Henry King, the first goldfield commissioner in Gympie. The lodge later relocated and is now known as Pioneer Lodge, while the Duke Street site became the offices of the Shire of Woocoo.[15][16]

Lower Mary Street, c. 1925

In 1882, a handful of macadamia seeds were taken from trees in Gympie to Hawaii, where they became the basis of Hawaii's macadamia industry.[17] In 2019, researchers collected samples from hundreds of macadamia trees in Queensland, and compared their genetic profiles to samples from Hawaiian orchards. They determined that essentially all the Hawaiian trees must have descended from a small population of Australian trees from Gympie, possibly just a single tree.[18] This lack of genetic diversity in the commercial crop puts it at risk of succumbing to pathogens (as has happened in the past to banana cultivars). Growers may seek to diversify the cultivated population, by hybridizing with wild specimens.[citation needed]

Gympie Creek Post Office opened on 1 December 1867. It was renamed Gympie in 1868.[19]

In 1868 a slab hut was built behind the Northumberland Hotel and called the Miner's Bethel. This hut was used to hold religious services by the Anglican Church, the Roman Catholic Church and Methodist Church until each had established their own church.[20]

A Primitive Methodist Church opened on the diggings at Gympie Creek circa July 1868. It was claimed to be the first church in Gympie.[21] A new Primitive Methodist Church was opened on Commissioner's Hill on Sunday 30 July 1876.[22] Commissioners Hill is described as being from the post office in Duke Street to the corner of Channon and Henry Streets.[23]

A Catholic primary school was established in 1868 by Father. M Horan under lay administration and was taken over by the Sisters of Mercy in 1880, becoming St Patrick's Catholic Primary School.[24]

In August 1868, Wesleyan Methodists erected a bark hut of pole construction on Surface Hill to use as a basic chapel. It was replaced by a more permanent timber church on the same site facing Reef Street, which opened on Sunday 4 July 1869. The architect was Charles G. Smith and the builder was John Nesbit.[25] In 1890 a brick church was built on the site facing Channon Street and became the Surface Hill Uniting Church (26°11′20″S 152°39′26″E / 26.189°S 152.6572°E / -26.189; 152.6572 (Surface Hill Uniting Church)).[26]

A Presbyterian Church opened on One Mile Road at One Mile on Sunday 8 November 1868.[27][28]

In 1868, a Cobb & Co. service between Brisbane and Gympie commenced, running twice a week. The changing station stables were located adjacent to the Northumberland Hotel in Channon Street.[29]

In 1869, the Church of England constructed a timber church on the corner of Palantine and School Streets; the first rector was Reverend Henry Jephson Campbell. It was known as the Church of St Peter. This church became the parish hall when a second church was built in Lady Mary Terrace in 1887. This was then superseded by the third and current church, built in brick, on the corner of Lady Mary Terrace and Amy Street (26°11′19″S 152°40′11″E / 26.1887°S 152.6697°E / -26.1887; 152.6697 (2 July 2020)).[20]

One Mile State School was the first school opened in Gympie on 20 September 1869 as One Mile Boys State School with the One Mile Girls and Infants State School opening in October 1874. In January 1943, they were merged into One Mile State School.[24]

Gympie Central Boys State School opened on 18 October 1869 with Gympie Central Girls and Infants State School opening in 1874. In 1899, the Girls and Infants School was separated to become Gympie Central Girls State School and Gympie Central Infants State School. They were amalgamated again in 1912 to become Gympie Central Girls and Infants State School. They were separated again in 1944 re-establishing Gympie Central Infants State School while amalgamating the girls school with the boys school to become Gympie Central State School. In 1963, the infants school amalgamated into Gympie Central State School.[24][30]

In January 1870, tenders were called for the erection of a Roman Catholic Church.[31]

The railway from Maryborough was completed in 1881.[14] The North Coast railway linked Gympie to Brisbane in 1891.[14]

St Andrew's Anglican Church was first established at Mount Pleasant / One Mile in 1876.[32] It closed circa 1968.[33] As at 2019, the church building no longer exists but the rectory in Graham Street had become a private home. In 2020, this was relocated to the Gympiel opened on 29 January 1902.[30]The state declared Gympie a town in 1903.[citation needed]

Little Flower School was opened in 1904 by the Christian Brothers as a secondary school for boys. It was later renamed Sacred Heart Memorial College. It closed in 1982 when it was amalgamated with St Patrick's Catholic Secondary School for Girls to create St Patrick's Catholic College.[24]

Gympie South State School opened on 4 July 1910.[30]

Gympie State High School opened on 29 January 1912.[34] This school is one of the oldest state secondary schools in Queensland.[35]

St Patrick's College in Gympie opened on 30 December 1916.[30]

St Patrick's Catholic Secondary School for Girls opened on 1917. In 1983, it merged with the Sacred Heart Memorial College to become St Patrick's Catholic College.[24]

A powdered milk factory began operations in 1953.[citation needed]

Gympie West State School opened on 28 January 1958.[30]

Gympie East State School opened on 25 January 1965.[30]

Gympie Special School opened in January 1972.[24]

James Nash State High School opened on 24 January 1977.[36][30]

The Christian Family College opened on 1 February 1983 and closed on 24 January 1988.[24]

Flooding

[edit]
1873 Gympie flood

Significant floods along the Mary River have caused inundations of the city in 1870, 1873, 1893, 1955, 1968, 1974, 1989, 1992, 1999, 2011,[37] 2013, and 2022. The first recorded flood in Gympie was in 1870. Most of the floods occur between December and April and are typically caused by heavy rainfall in the headwaters to the south.[38]

The highest flood ever recorded in Gympie occurred on 2 February 1893 when the river peaked at 25.45 metres (83.5 ft).[38] Gympie was declared a natural disaster area during the 1999 floods.[39] The river peaked at 21.9 metres (72 ft) then. On the 27 February 2022 the river peaked at 22.96 metres, superseding the 1999 flood record by over a metre.

Numerous highways and roads in and around the city which were destroyed or damaged during floods in 2011 were repaired under Operation Queenslander,[40] the name given to post-flood reconstruction efforts in Queensland.

In March 2012, the Gympie Regional Council decided to spend about $30,000 for a cost benefit analysis on flood mitigation measures.[41] Major flooding also occurred in 2022.[42]

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2016 census, Gympie had an urban population of 20,966 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.9% of the population. 82.4% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 2.6%, New Zealand 1.9% and Philippines 0.6%. 89.6% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 30.1%, Catholic 16.8% and Anglican 15.6%.[43]

In the 2021 census, Gympie had an urban population of 22,424 people.[1]

Heritage listings

[edit]
Gympie Court House, 2012

Gympie has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Climate

[edit]

Gympie experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, rainy summers and mild, dry winters with cool nights. Annual rainfall averages around 1,117.4 millimetres (43.99 in), with a summer maximum. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −4.3 °C (24.3 °F) on 20 July 2007 to 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) on 4 January 2014.[65]

Climate data for Gympie (26º10'48"S, 152º38'24"E, 65 m AMSL) (1908-2024 normals, extremes 1965-2024, rainfall to 1870)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 42.4
(108.3) 		41.3
(106.3) 		38.1
(100.6) 		35.6
(96.1) 		32.8
(91.0) 		29.2
(84.6) 		30.2
(86.4) 		34.3
(93.7) 		38.2
(100.8) 		40.1
(104.2) 		42.2
(108.0) 		42.0
(107.6) 		42.4
(108.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.2
(88.2) 		30.4
(86.7) 		29.3
(84.7) 		27.3
(81.1) 		24.5
(76.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		21.9
(71.4) 		23.4
(74.1) 		26.1
(79.0) 		28.3
(82.9) 		30.2
(86.4) 		31.3
(88.3) 		27.2
(80.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19.6
(67.3) 		19.7
(67.5) 		18.2
(64.8) 		14.7
(58.5) 		10.9
(51.6) 		8.0
(46.4) 		6.4
(43.5) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.3
(50.5) 		13.9
(57.0) 		16.5
(61.7) 		18.6
(65.5) 		13.7
(56.6)
Record low °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6) 		12.3
(54.1) 		9.8
(49.6) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		1.3
(34.3) 		4.6
(40.3) 		3.5
(38.3) 		10.1
(50.2) 		−4.3
(24.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 160.1
(6.30) 		168.9
(6.65) 		143.9
(5.67) 		81.6
(3.21) 		71.5
(2.81) 		59.3
(2.33) 		51.5
(2.03) 		39.3
(1.55) 		44.7
(1.76) 		72.3
(2.85) 		87.4
(3.44) 		135.7
(5.34) 		1,117.4
(43.99)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8.9 9.3 10.0 7.3 6.2 4.9 4.5 3.9 4.2 5.7 6.5 7.8 79.2
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 56 60 58 57 56 52 47 42 41 46 50 52 51
Average dew point °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6) 		19.5
(67.1) 		18.1
(64.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		13.1
(55.6) 		10.0
(50.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		7.5
(45.5) 		9.6
(49.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.8
(60.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		13.9
(57.1)
Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1908-2024 normals, extremes 1965-2024, rainfall to 1870)[66]

Attractions

[edit]
The Mary Valley Rattler C17 Locomotive 967

The Gympie Gold Mining and Historical Museum houses memorabilia from the early gold mining era, as well as displays showcasing military, rural, transport, communications, and steam development in Australia. The WoodWorks Museum provides an insight into the timber industry and social history of yesteryear through displays and demonstrations. Features include a large selection of pioneering hand tools, a 1925 Republic truck, bullock wagons, and a blacksmith shop.

The Valley Rattler steam train is a tourist train that began operations in 1996. It follows the Mary River through the forests and plantations of the Mary Valley to Amamoor.[67] The train departs and returns to the Old Gympie Railway Station in Tozer Street, an original railway station from the 1900s gold rush.

Approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Gympie, the town of Amamoor hosts the annual National Country Music Muster. Held over six days and nights in August in the Amamoor Forest Reserve,[68] the Muster is the largest outdoor country music festival in Australia.

Gympie's Mary St offers a wide array of bars, cafes, and shops with 19th Century Victorian architecture. The historic Railway Hotel was built in 1915 and is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.[69] The Gympie Town Hall Reserve Complex, built in 1890, was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 2011.[70]

Mothar Mountain Speedway is Gympie's local Speedway track. With a history spanning over 50 years, its most well known feature is the unique right hand kink. The venue hosts a variety of Classes including SSA Modified Sedans, SSA Super Sedans, SSA Junior Sedans SSA Production Sedans, SSA Street Stocks, Modlites and Late Models.[71] The Speedway has hosted the Australian Title for SSA Production Sedans in 2014, and is scheduled to host the Australian Titles for Modlites and SSA Super Sedans in April 2023.[72]

The annual Heart of Gold International Short Film Festival is held in Gympie in March.

24 kilometres (15 mi) south-east of Gympie, Woondum National Park provides access to subtropical rainforest, creeks and granite outcrops.[73] Facilities include picnic tables, barbecues, firewood, fresh water, amenities, and bush-walking tracks. Access is by dirt road and a high-clearance vehicle is recommended.[74]

About 30 minutes' drive east of Gympie is Tin Can Bay, where one can hand-feed Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphins. The feeding is regulated for the protection of the dolphins.

Gympie and the surrounding area is part of the Great Sandy Biosphere Reserve, listed by UNESCO as a world conservation site.

Gympie Cemetery crawls are run by the Gympie Family History Society.[75] Participants learn about the town's pioneering families.

Education

[edit]

Gympie Central State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Lawrence Street (26°11′19″S 152°39′53″E / 26.1886°S 152.6646°E / -26.1886; 152.6646 (Gympie Central State School)).[76][77] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 235 students with 18 teachers (16 full-time equivalent) and 15 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent).[78]

Gympie West State School is a government primary (Early Childhood-6) school for boys and girls at 41 Cartwright Road (26°10′26″S 152°39′44″E / 26.1738°S 152.6621°E / -26.1738; 152.6621 (Gympie West State School)).[76][79] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 524 students with 45 teachers (38 full-time equivalent) and 45 non-teaching staff (26 full-time equivalent).[78]

One Mile State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at John Street (26°11′57″S 152°40′31″E / 26.1993°S 152.6753°E / -26.1993; 152.6753 (One Mile State School)).[76][80] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 421 students with 37 teachers (32 full-time equivalent) and 18 non-teaching staff (12 full-time equivalent).[78]

St Patrick's Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 18-26 Church Street (26°11′32″S 152°39′56″E / 26.1923°S 152.6656°E / -26.1923; 152.6656 (St Patrick's Primary School)).[76][81] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 308 students with 21 teachers (19 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (11 full-time equivalent).[78]

Gympie Special School is a special primary and secondary (Prep-12) school for boys and girls at 52 Cootharaba Road (26°11′16″S 152°40′51″E / 26.1878°S 152.6808°E / -26.1878; 152.6808 (Gympie Special School)).[76][82] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 57 students with 19 teachers (15 full-time equivalent) and 26 non-teaching staff (15 full-time equivalent).[78]

Gympie State High School is a government secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at 2 Everson Road (26°11′18″S 152°40′41″E / 26.1883°S 152.6781°E / -26.1883; 152.6781 (Gympie State High School)).[76][83] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1,016 students with 93 teachers (86 full-time equivalent) and 51 non-teaching staff (40 full-time equivalent).[78]

James Nash State High School is a government secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at 109 Myall Street (26°10′33″S 152°39′22″E / 26.1758°S 152.6560°E / -26.1758; 152.6560 (James Nash State High School)).[76][84] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1,219 students with 113 teachers (105 full-time equivalent) and 52 non-teaching staff (41 full-time equivalent).[78]

St Patrick's College is a Catholic secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at Church Street (26°11′33″S 152°40′01″E / 26.1924°S 152.6670°E / -26.1924; 152.6670 (St Patrick's College)).[76][85] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 417 students with 35 teachers (34 full-time equivalent) and 21 non-teaching staff (15 full-time equivalent).[78]

Gympie Flexible Learning Centre is a Catholic secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at 30 Everson Road (26°11′11″S 152°40′44″E / 26.1865°S 152.6788°E / -26.1865; 152.6788 (Gympie Flexible Learning Centre)).[76][86] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 89 students with 8 teachers (6 full-time equivalent) and 15 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent).[78]

Gympie is home to one campus of the Wide Bay Institute of TAFE located on Cartwright Road.[87]

The University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) has a campus in Gympie located on Cartwright Road. This campus offers undergraduate study in primary education, nursing, business, and commerce.[88]

Amenities

[edit]

The Gympie Regional Council operates a public library at 8–14 Mellor Street.[89] It opened in 1995.[90]

The Gympie branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the St Johns Ambulance Rooms at 20 Apollonian Vale.[91]

Gympie Regional Uniting Church is at 15-17 Red Hill Road (26°11′38″S 152°40′22″E / 26.1939°S 152.6727°E / -26.1939; 152.6727 (Gympie Regional Uniting Church)).[92][93][94] It is part of the Mary Burnett Presbytery of the Uniting Church in Australia.[95]

Gympie Wesleyan Methodist Church is at 70 Exhibition Road, Southside (26°12′08″S 152°38′37″E / 26.2022°S 152.6436°E / -26.2022; 152.6436 (Gympie Wesleyan Methodist Church)). It is part of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia.[96]

There are two lawn bowls clubs in Gympie:

  • Gympie Bowls Club, 16 Bowlers Drive[97]
  • The Albert Bowls Club, River Road[97]

Transport

[edit]

Road connection to Gympie is via the Bruce Highway. Rail connects via QR's North Coast railway line, which is served by daily Queensland Rail Citytrain network services to Brisbane and Traveltrain services for long distances. There are few public buses in Gympie and automobiles are the main mode of transportation.

Gympie Airport is a small local airport located to the south of the city. It has general aviation, recreational aviation and gliding communities. The nearest domestic airport is Sunshine Coast Airport & the closest international airport is Brisbane Airport.

Governance

[edit]

Eight councilors are elected to the Gympie Region local government area.[98]

The Electoral district of Gympie in the state legislature was created in 1873 and includes Tin Can Bay, Rainbow Beach, Cooran, Pomona and parts of the Mary Valley.[99] In 1893, Andrew Fisher was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as Labor member for Gympie and went on to become the fifth Prime Minister of Australia.[99] Gympie's seat was eliminated in 1950 but restored in 1960.[99] Since 1960, it has been considered a safe State Liberal-National seat having been won by the Country or National Party every election except for a brief period in the early 2000s.[99] (It was held from 2002 to 2006 by Elisa Roberts, first as a member of the One Nation party and then as an independent, before returning to the National Party with the election of David Gibson.)[99]

Since 2015, Tony Perrett of the Liberal National Party is the member for Gympie in the Queensland Legislative Assembly.[100]

Traveston Crossing Dam

[edit]
Main article: Traveston Crossing Dam

The Queensland Government had plans to build a dam on the Mary River at Traveston Crossing, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of Gympie, arguing that there is sound geology and that the South East Queensland region needed greater water security due to the threat of climate change and population growth.[101] The project was scrapped in 2010.

The proposed dam would have flooded about 900 properties. The affected land owners and other shire residents staged rallies protesting against the proposed dam. Strong opposition to the dam from the wider and international community based on environmental concerns related to the endangered Mary River cod, Mary River turtle, giant barred frog, Cascade tree frog and Coxen's fig parrot and the vulnerable Queensland lungfish, tusked frog, honey blue-eye fish, the Richmond birdwing butterfly and the Illidge's ant blue butterfly finally shut down the project.

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Gympie (Significant Urban Area)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 16 June 2024. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ "2021 Census Community Profiles: Gympie". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  3. ^ Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3
  4. ^ "Gympie – town in Gympie Region (entry 15149)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  5. ^ "Gympie – locality in Gympie Region (entry 46339)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  6. ^ "Gympie | Visit Sunshine Coast". www.visitsunshinecoast.com. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  7. ^ Khan, M. Ali; A.Balakishan (2007). Encyclopedia of World Geography. Sarup & Sons. p. 45. ISBN 978-8176257732. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  8. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Gubbi Gubbi". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  9. ^ "History". Gympie Regional Council. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  10. ^ Hon. C. Wallace (14 January 2008). "Gympie residents have chance to make their mark on the map". Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
  11. ^ Unidentified (1955). "Gympie Fire Station in 1955". John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. Archived from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  12. ^ a b Stoodley, June. Nash, James (1834–1913) Archived 9 May 2012 at Wikiwix. Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography. Australian National University.
  13. ^ "Gold Rush Festival – Gympie Goldrush". goldrush.org.au. Retrieved 19 April 2018.[permanent dead link‍]
  14. ^ a b c Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Heritage Trails of the Great South East. State of Queensland. pp. 90, 148. ISBN 0-7345-1008-X.
  15. ^ "Gympie Gold Rush parade and open day". Freemasons Queensland. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  16. ^ "Duke Street, Gympie". Gympie Regional Libraries. 29 October 2020. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  17. ^ Kean, Zoe (12 December 2020). "In a nutshell: how the macadamia became a 'vulnerable' species". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  18. ^ Imbler, Sabrina (3 June 2019). "70 Percent of the World's Macadamia Nuts Came From One Tree in Australia". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  19. ^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  20. ^ a b "St Peter's celebrates 150 years". The Gympie Times. 10 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  21. ^ "PUBLIC WORKS". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XXIII, no. 3, 365. Queensland, Australia. 11 July 1868. p. 2. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ "Advertising". Gympie Times And Mary River Mining Gazette. Vol. IX, no. 907. Queensland, Australia. 26 July 1876. p. 2. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ^ "Hills of Gympie". Gympie Regional Memories. 13 August 2020. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  25. ^ "Advertising". Gympie Times And Mary River Mining Gazette. Vol. II, no. 168. Queensland, Australia. 3 July 1869. p. 2. Archived from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. ^ "Surface Hill Uniting Church (entry 601529)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  27. ^ "Advertising". Gympie Times And Mary River Mining Gazette. Vol. I, no. 82. Queensland, Australia. 7 November 1868. p. 2. Archived from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  28. ^ "Advertising". Gympie Times And Mary River Mining Gazette. Vol. I, no. 88. Queensland, Australia. 21 November 1868. p. 2. Archived from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  29. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: Christina Ealing-Godbold (20 January 2023). "The Lights of Cobb and Co: Coaching between Brisbane and Gympie in the 1860s". Blog. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
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