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Help:IPA/Finnish

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Finnish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Finnish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Finnish.

Consonants[1]
IPA Examples English approximation
b bussi[2] big
d ladot adept
f filmi[2] film
ɡ magia[2] go
h harmaa horse
j joulu yolk
k kala kayak
squash[2]
lakki
in the text one p: menekin, tulekaan
pic case
l laulu lack
pullo taillight
m metsä, onpa[3] may
kammio roommate
n nenä nanny
kannu unnatural
ŋ ken [keŋkæ][3] sing
ŋː vangita [ˈvɑŋŋitɑ] "hang-nging"
p puu pool
lippu
in the text one p: tulepa, menepä
top paint
r rauta rolled r, like Spanish reino
s sinä sip
kissa his soup
t tina tip
hattu hat trick
v viha vet
Wilhelm[2]
ʔ vaaan, ensi-ilta, linja-auto the pause in
uh-oh
ts jazz [ˈjɑts],[2]
pizza [ˈpitsɑ][2]
parts
ks Dixie[2]
ʃ Škoda[2]
Puškin[2] Pushkin
ʒ Solženitsyn,[2]
Voronež[2]
Solzhenitsyn,
Voronezh
Stress
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ hevonen
[ˈhevonen]
Normally placed on the first syllable.
ˌ tule! [ˈtuˌle] The second syllable in two-syllable imperatives.
Vowels[4]
Short Long
IPA Examples English approximation IPA Examples English approximation
ɑ pouta like father, but shorter ɑː poutaa father
æ pöytä cat æː päivää mad
e terve let geeli no English equivalent:
Latin aenus [aˈeː.nʊs] (bronze)
i viha it siika see
o oksa like more, but shorter koostaa more
ø pöly somewhat like nurse øː säröön somewhat like bird
u surma influence suu, ruoan cool
y kesy somewhat like cute ryyppy somewhat like cube
Diphthongs
IPA Examples English approximation
ɑi̯ aika eye
ɑu̯ aura how
æi̯ äiti main (Australia)
æy̯ täytyy somewhat like mouth (Estuary English)
ei̯ ei, hei pay
eu̯ neutraali somewhat like Dublin English mouth and Spanish neutral [neu.tral] (neutral)
ey̯ keskeytyä no English equivalent
ie̯ kieli somewhat like yes
iu̯ viulu few
iy̯ siistiytyä no English equivalent
oi̯ koittaa, koettaa coin
ou̯ outo role
øi̯ töi no English equivalent: somewhat like French feuille [ˈfœj] (blade)
øy̯ pöyristyä RP rope
ui̯ muita ruin
uo̯ Suomi somewhat like woah
yi̯ syi somewhat like we
yø̯ , t no English equivalent: French pollueur [pɔ.lɥœʁ] (polluter)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Most Finnish consonants usually contrast between shorter and longer pronunciation. Long consonants are marked with the symbol /ː/.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l [b], [f], [ɡ], [ts], [ʃ] and [ʒ] occur only in loanwords. In casual speech, they may be replaced [b] >[p], [f] > [v], [g] > [k], [ts] > [(t)s], [ʃ] and [ʒ] > [s].
  3. ^ a b /n/ has three allophones: [ŋ] before /k/, [m] before /p/only in the middle of a singular word, not at connection points of compound words – and [n] elsewhere.
  4. ^ All Finnish vowels have both a long and a short phoneme.

References

[edit]
  • Suomi, Kari; Toivanen, Juhani; Ylitalo, Riikka (2008), Finnish sound structure, ISBN 978-951-42-8983-5

See also

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