List of Bantu languages
| Bantu | |
|---|---|
| Narrow Bantu | |
| Geographic distribution | Africa, from approximately the equator south |
| Linguistic classification | Niger–Congo? |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | narr1281 |
 The approximate locations of the sixteen Guthrie Bantu zones, including the addition of a zone J | |
Following is a list of Bantu languages as interpreted by Harald Hammarström, and following the Guthrie classification.[1]
| Group | Guthrie code | ISO code | Languages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A11 | bdu | Batanga (Lotanga, Dotanga, A113), Bima (A112), Koko (Lokoko), Londo ba Diko (A115), Londo (Murundo), Balondo Ba Nanga), Longolo (Ngolo, A111), Lundu, Oroko (A101), Oroko-East, Oroko-West | Kuperus 1985: 17-18 |
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A12 | bdu | Lolue (Barue, Babue, Lue, Balue), Bakundu (A122, Lokundu, Bekunde, Kundu, Nkundu, Lakundu), Western Kundu, Bakundu-Balue, Ekombe (Bekombo, Ekumbe), Mbonge (A121, Mbε) | Atta Ebongkome 1993 |
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A13 | bwt | “Bafaw” (A141, Bafo, Lefo,’Afo), Bafaw-Balong, Balúun, Balong, Ngoe | Hedinger 1987 |
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A14 | bvg | Bongken (Bonkeng, Bonkeng-Pendia, Bonkenge) | Hedinger 1987: 132-164 |
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A15A | mbo | Mbo of Ekanang-Mbouroukou (A15, Mbo of Ekanang-Mbouroukou), Mbo of Mboebo-Kekem (Mbo of Mboébo-Kekem), Mbo of Ngwatta, Mbo, Mbo’o (Mboo), Nlaa Mboo, Nle Mbuu, Melon (Melong, Eho Mbo), Sambo, Santchou, North Eastern Manenguba | Hedinger 1987 |
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A15B | bsi | Mienge (A15, Lower Mbo), Asobse, Bassossi (Nsose, Nswose, Nswase, Swose, Sosi), North-western Manenguba | Hedinger 1987 |
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A15C | bqz | Babong (Ihobe Mbog, Ihobe Mboong), Bafun (Mbwase Nghuy, Miamilo, Pendia), Bakaka (Ehob Mkaa, Mkaa,’ Kaa, Kaka), Balondo (Ehobe Belon), Baneka (Mwaneka), Manehas (Mvae, Mwahed, Mwahet), Ngoten, Eastern Central Manenguba | Hedinger 1987 |
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A15 | bss | Akoose (Akosi, Bakossi, Bekoose, Koose, Kosi, Nkoosi, Nkosi), Elung (Along, Elong, Nlong), Mwambong, Mwamenam (Mouamenam), Ninong (Nninong), Northern Bakossi, Southern Bakossi, Western Bakossi, Nhalemoe, Western Central Manenguba | Hedinger 1987 |
| A10: Lundu-Balong group | A151 | nkc | Kinkwa, Nkongho (Lekongo) | Hedinger 1987 |
| A20: Duala group | A21 | bqm | Bamboko (Bambuku, Mboko, Womboko, Wumboko) | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A20: Duala group | A22 | bri | Bakpwe (Kpe, Mokpe, Mopkwe), Bakueri (Vakweli, Bakwedi, Bakwele, Bakweri, Bakwiri, Bekwiri, Kwedi, Kweli, Kwili, Kwiri), Ujuwa, Vambeng | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A20: Duala group | A221 | bbx | Bobe (A221), Bubia (Bobea, Wovea, Wuvia) | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A20: Duala group | A23 | szv | Isu (Isu of Fako Division, Isubu, Isuwu, Su, Subu), Bimbia | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A20: Duala group | A231 | kme | Kole (Bakole, Bakolle) | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A20: Duala group | A24 | dua | Duala (Diwala, Douala, Dualla, Dwala, Dwela), Mongo (A261, Mungo, Mungu, Muungo), Pongo (A26) | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A20: Duala group | A25 | - | Ewodi (Oli, Wuri, Ouri, Wuri, Uli, Wouri), Bodiman (Bidiman, Budiman) | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A20: Duala group | A27 | mzd | Malimba (Lemba, Limba, Mudima, Mulimba) | Lamberty 2009 |
| A30: Bubi-Benga group | A31 | bvb | Bobe (Boobe, Boombe, Bube, Bubi), Adeeyah (Adija, Ediya), Banapa (Banapá), Banni, North Bobe, Southeast Bobe, Southwest Bobe, Ureka | Tessmann 1923 |
| A30: Bubi-Benga group | A32 | bnm | Batanga (Batanga at Fifinda, Tanga, A32C), Balangi of Great Batanga, Bano’o (Bano’o, Banoho, Banoo, Noho, Nohu, Noko, A32a, Noku), Bapoko (Bapuku, Bapuu, Poko, Puku, A32B) | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A30: Bubi-Benga group | A33a | yko | Yasa (Iyasa, Iyassa, Lyaasa, Yassa) | Ebobissé 2014 |
| A30: Bubi-Benga group | A33b | nui | Kombe (Combe, Kombe, Ngumbi) | Fernandez Galilea 1951 |
| A30: Bubi-Benga group | A34 | bng | Benga, Boumba, Ndowe | Idiata 2007; Salvadó y Cos 1891 |
| A40 | A41 | bbi | Balombi (Barombi, Barumbi, Lambi, Lombe, Lombi, Rambi, Rombi) | Lamberty 2002 |
| A40 | A42 | abb | Abaw (Abo, Bo, Bon), Bankon (Bankong, Mankon) | Lamberty 2002 |
| A40 | A43a | bas | Basa (Basaa, Bassa, Basso, Bisaa, Mbele (Mvele), Mbene, South Kogo (A43c) | Bitjaa Kody 1988 |
| A40 | A43b | bkh | Bakoko (Kogo, A43c), Adie (Basoo Ba Die, Basoo D’edea, Elog Mpoo), Adiangok), Mbang (Dimbambang), Yabyang (Yabyang-Yapeke), Yakalak (Yakalag), Yapoma, Yassuku (Yasoukou, Yasuku, Yasug) | Dodo-Bounguendza 1988 |
| A40 | A44 | tvu | Nen (Banen, Tunen), Aling’a (A441, Alinga, Tuling, Eling) | Mous and Breedveld 1986 |
| A40 | A45 | nvo | Nyo’o (Nyõ’õ, Nyo’on, Nyokon, Njokon), Fung (Hung) | Mous and Breedveld 1986 |
| A40 | A46 | lem | Lemande (Mande, Mandi, Nomaande, Noomaante, Numaand, Numand) | Mous and Breedveld 1986 |
| A40 | A461 | ttf | Bonek (Ponek), Otomb (Tuotom, Tuotomb, Tuotomp) | Mous and Breedveld 1986 |
| A40 | A462 | yat | Yambeta (Yambetta) | Mous and Breedveld 1986 |
| A50: Bafia group | A501 | hij | Hijuk | Bradley 1992a |
| A50: Bafia group | A51 | lfa | Lefa’ (Fak, Lefa, Fa’), Balom | Mbongue 1999 |
| A50: Bafia group | A52 | dii | Kaalong (Kalong, Lakaalong), Lambong (Mbong, Bumbong, Dimbong) | Dieu and Renaud 1983 |
| A50: Bafia group | A53 | ksf | Kpa (Bekpak, Rikpa’), Bafia | Guarisma 2000 |
| A50: Bafia group | A54 | ngy | Tibea, (Zangnte, Djanti, Njanti, Minjanti), Ngayaba | Bradley 1992b |
| A60 | A601 | bag | Tuki (Baki, Ki, Oki), Tiki, Bacenga (A601F, A64, Batchenga, Tocenga, Cenga), Mbere (A601G, Mvele, Tumbele, Bamvele, Bambele, Mbele), Ngoro (A601A, A61, Tu Ngoro), Aki, Uki, Cangu (A601B, Tucangu), Kombe (A601C, Wakombe, Tukombe, Bakombe), Tsinga (A601D, Tutsingo, Chinga, Betsinga, Betzinga, Tsingo, Batsingo), Tonjo (A601E, Bondjou, Bounjou, Bunju, Bounjou) | Biloa 2013 |
| A60 | A62A | yav | Yangben, Central Yambassa, Kalong (Nukalonge) | Paulian 1986 |
| A60 | A62B | mmu | Mmaala (Mmala, Numaala) | Paulian 1986 |
| A60 | A62C | ekm | Elip (Belibi, Belip, Libie, Nulibie (A62C, Nulibié), Nulipie) | Paulian 1986 |
| A60 | A621 | baf | Baca (Nu Baca, Nubaca), Southern Yambassa | Paulian 1986 |
| A60 | A622 | yas | Gounou (Gunu, Nu Gunu, Nugunu), Gunu Nord, Gunu SudNugunu | Paulian 1986 |
| A60 | A623 | mlb | Mbule (Dumbule, Mbola, Mbule of Cameroon, Mbure) | Boone 1992 |
| A60 | A63 | leo | Leti (A63) | Dieu and Renaud 1983; Biloa 2013: 37-38 |
| A60 | A65 | btc | Bati (Bati Ba Ngong, Bati de Brousse, Pati) | Grant 1992 |
| A70 | A71 | eto/mct | Eton (Iton), Northern Eton (Iton Ekwe, Lower Eton), Southern Eton (Upper Eton, Iton Nke), Mengisa (Mengissa) | van de Velde 2008; Geslin-Houdet 1984 |
| A70 | A72(a) | ewo | Ewondo (Ewundu), Badjia (A72c, Bakjo, Bakja), Bafeuk, Yesoum (Yezum, Yesum), Fok (Fök, Fong), Jaunde (Yaounde, Yaunde), Mvete (A72b, Mvele, Mwele), Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabeka, Yabekanga, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yangafek (A72d), Evuzok, Bané | Essono 2000 |
| A70 | A73a | beb | Bamvele (Bebele, Bembele), Eki, Manyok | Djomeni 2014 |
| A70 | A73b | bxp | Gbigbil, Bobili | Wega Simeu 2004b; Dugast 1949: 88-89 |
| A70 | A74 | bum | Bulu (A74a, Boulou, Bulu), Bene (A74b) | Alexandre and Binet 1958 |
| A70 | A75 | fan | Fang (Fan), Pangwe, Pahouin, Atsi (Batsi, A75D), Make (Meke, A75C), Mveny (A75F), Ntum (Ntumu, A75A), Nzaman (Zaman, A75E), Okak (A75B), South-West Fang (A751) | Alexandre and Binet 1958; Andeme Allogo 1985; Wilson 1849; Alexandre 1965 |
| A80 | A801 | gyi | Bagielli (Bagiele, Bagyele, Bagyeli, Bajele, Bajeli, Bogyel, Bogyeli, Bondjiel, Giele, Gieli, Gyele, Gyeli, Gélé), Bapindi, Bakola | Rénaud 1976 |
| A80 | A802 | ukh | Ukhwejo (Ukwedjo) | Thornell 2009 |
| A80 | A803 | - | Shiwa (Swa, Shiwe, Oshieba), “Fang Makina” | Idiata 2007 |
| A80 | A81 | nmg | Kwasio, Mabea (Mabi, Magbea), Mvumbo, Ngoumba (Ngumba), Bujeba | Echegaray 1960 |
| A80 | A82 | sox | So (Emvane So, Melan So, Shwo, Sô, Sso) | Bradley and Bradley 1992 |
| A80 | A83 | mcp | Makaa (Mekaa), South Makaa (South Mekaa), Bebend (A83A, Bebent), Mbwaanz (A83B), (A831), Sekunda (A83C, Shekunda, Shikunda | Cheucle 2014 |
| A80 | A831 | mkk | Byep, North Makaa, Maka (Makya, Meka, Mekae, Mekay, Mekey, Mekye, Mika, Moka) | Etter 1988 |
| A80 | A832 | biw | Kol (Bekol, Bikele, Bikele-Bikay, Bikele-Bikeng, Bikeng, Bokol), Kol North, Kol South | Henson 2007 |
| A80 | A84 | njy | Njyem (Djem, Dzem, Ndjem, Ndjeme, Ndzem, Ngyeme, Njem, Njeme, Nyem) | Cheucle 2014 |
| A80 | A842 | ozm | Koonzime (Koozhime, Koozime, Nzime, Zimu, Djimu, Dzimou, Kooncimo), Badwe’e (A841, Bajwe’e, Badjoue, Bajue, Badwe’e) | Cheucle 2014 |
| A80 | A85 | bkw | Bekwel (A85b, Bakouli, Bakwel, Bakwele, Bakwil, Bekwil), Konabem (A85a, Nkumabem, Nkonabeeb, Konabem, Kunabeeb, Konabembe, Kunabembe) | Beavon and Johnson 2011 |
| A80 | A86b | mgg | Mpompon (Mpongmpong, Mpopo, Mpumpoo, Pongpong, Bombo, Mbombo, Mpompo), Bageto (Northern Bangantu, Baagato, Bangantu), Medjime (A86a, Menzime, Mendzime, Medzime, Mezime), Mpomam (Boman, Mboman) | Johnson and Beavon 1989 |
| A80 | A86c | mcx | Mpiemo (Bimu, Mbimou, Mbimu, Mbyemo, Mpyemo), Bidjuki (Bidjouki) | Thornell 2004 |
| A80 | A87 | bmw | Bomali (Bomwali, Boumali, Boumoali, Bumali), Lino, Sangasanga (Sangha-Sangha, Sanghasangha) | Bruel 1911 |
| A80 | - | - | Klieman 1997 | Köhler 1964 |
| A90: Kaka group | A91 | kwu | Abakoum (Abakum, Akpwakum, Bakum, Kpakum, Kum/Bakum, Kwakum, Pakum), Til, Bheten, Baki | Belliard 2007 |
| A90: Kaka group | A92 | pmm | Pol (A92a, Polri, Pori), Kinda Pol, Asum Pol, Pomo (A92b), Boungondjo, Kweso (A92C) | Ballif 1977; Wega Simeu 2012 |
| A90: Kaka group | A93 | kkj | Kako (Bokaka, Kaka, Kaka-Kadei, Mkako), Kako du Gabon | Medjo Mvé 2009 |
| B10: Myene group | B11 | mye | Myene (Omyene), Adjumba (B11d, Ajumba, Adyumba, Dyumba),Enenga (B11F), Galwa (B11c, Galua, Galloa, Galoa), Mpongwe(Npongué, Mpongwé, Npongwe, Pongoué, B11a, Mpongoué,Mpungwe), Nkomi (N’komi, B11e), Orungu (B11b, Rungu, Rongo) | Jacquot 1983 |
| B20: Kele group | B201 | nda | Ndasa (Ndasha, Andasa, Undaza) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B202 | sxe | Sighu (Sigu, Lesighu, Lisighu, Lisiwu) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B203 | syx | Osamayi (Sama, Samay, Samaye, Shamay, Shamaye, Shamayi) | Matimi 1998; Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B204 | nxo | Ndambomo (Ndambono) | Mvé 2013 |
| B20: Kele group | B21 | syi | Seki (Baseque, Seke, Seki-ani, Baseke, Sekiana, Sekiani, Sekiyani, Sekyani, Seseki, Sheke, Shekiyana), Bulu | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Echegaray 1959a; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B211 | bxc | Molengue (Alengue, Alengué, Balengue) Alengue (Alengué), Balengue, Molendji, Molengue | Echegaray 1959b; de Granda Gutiérrez 1984 |
| B20: Kele group | B22a | keb | Kele (Akele, Kélé, Dikele, Kili), Metombolo (B205, Metombola), Western Kele | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B22b | nra | Angom (Ngom, Ongom, Ungom, Ngomo, Bangom, Bangomo), Bakoya variant of Bungom | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Medjo Mvé no date; Medjo Mvé 2011 |
| B20: Kele group | B22c | see B305 | ||
| B20: Kele group | B22D | - | Tombidi (Muntumbudie, Ntumbidi, Tumbidi) | Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B22E | - | Mwesa (Mesa, Yesa) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B23 | zmn | Mbangwe, Mbaouin (M’Bahouin) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B24 | wum | Wumbu (Wumbvu, Wumvu) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B25 | koq | Kota (Ikota, Ikuta, Kotu) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B251 | sak | Asake (Sake, Shake) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B20: Kele group | B252 | mhb | Mahongwe | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B30: Tsogo group | B301 | gev | Viya (Avija, Evia, Eviya, Gevia, Geviya, Ia (γe-βia), Ivea, Ivéa) | Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007 |
| B30: Tsogo group | B302 | sbw | Simba (E-Himba, γe-himba, Gehimba, Ghehimba, Ghehimbaka, Himba, Himbaka) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; 2007 |
| B30: Tsogo group | B304 | pic | Pinzi (Apindje, Apindji, Apindzi, Apingi, Apinji, E-Pinzi (γe-pinzi), Gapinji, Ghepinzi, Pindji, Pinji) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B30: Tsogo group | B305 | buw | Vove (B22C, Mpovi, Ge-Vove, Gevove, Ghevove, Pove), “Bubi” (Bhubhi, Ibhubhi, Ibubi, Pubi) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B30: Tsogo group | B31 | tsv | Tsogo (Getsogo, Ghetsogo, Itsogho, Mitsogo, γe-tsγ), Babongo-Tsogo (B303, Ebongwe, Bongwe of Raponda-Walker, Ebongo) | Idiata 2007; Raponda Walker 1937 |
| B30: Tsogo group | B32 | kbs | Kande (Kanda, O-Kande, Okande) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B40: Shira-Punu group | B401 | bwz | Bwisi (I-Bwisi, Ibwiisi, Ibwisi, Mbwisi) | Jacquot 1978; Bastin et al. 1999; Yenguitta 1991 |
| B40: Shira-Punu group | B402 | bbg | Barama (γi-βarama, Bavarama, Ghibarama, Gibarama, Givarama, Varama), Bwali (B411) | Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007; Bastin et al. 1999 |
| B40: Shira-Punu group | B403 | vum | Vungu (Givoungou, Vumbu, Vungu, Givungu), Yivoumbou | Idiata 2007 |
| B40: Shira-Punu group | B404 | - | Ngubi (Ngove) | Idiata 2007; Puèch 1988; Aleko and Puèch 1988; Agadji Ayele 2002: 79-83 |
| B40: Shira-Punu group | B41 | swj | Shira (Eshira, Ashira, Gisir, Gisira, Ichira, Ishira, Isira, Shire, Sira, Yichira) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B40: Shira-Punu group | B42 | snq | Sangu (Ashango, Chango, I-Sangu, Isangu, Massangu, Shango, Yisangou, Yisangu), Babongo-Sangu | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Bonhomme et al. 2012 |
| B40: Shira-Punu group | B43 | puu | Punu (Ipunu, Pouno, Pounou, Puno, Punu, Yipounou, Yipunu), Babongo-Rimba | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Andersson 1983; Idiata 2007 |
| B40: Shira-Punu group | B44 | lup | Lumbu (Baloumbou, Ilumbu, Lumbu, Yilumbu), Igama | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Klieman 2003 |
| B50: Nzebi group | B501 | wdd | Wanzi (Bawandji, Liwanzi, Wandji) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B50: Nzebi group | B503 | - | Vili (Ivili, Bavili de la Ngouié) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B50: Nzebi group | B51 | dma | Duma (Adouma, Aduma, Liduma, Badouma, Douma) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B50: Nzebi group | B52 | nzb | Njebi (Injebi, Inzebi, Bandzabi, Ndjabi, Ndjevi, Njabi, Njavi, Nzebi, Yinjebi, Yinzebi), Ibongo-Nzebi, Yangho (B603) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Mouele 1997; Klieman 2003; Idiata 2007 |
| B50: Nzebi group | B53 | tsa | Tsaangi (Icaangi, Itsangi, Itsengi, Tcengui, Tchangui, Tsaangi, Tseengi, Tsengi), Mwele (B502) | Idiata 2007; Mouele 1997 |
| B60: Mbete group | B602 | kzo | Bakanike (Bakaningi, Likaningi, Kaningi, Lekaningi) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B60: Mbete group | B61 | mdt | Mbete (Limbede, Mbede, Mbédé, Mbere, Mbété), Nkomo-Kelle, Nkomo-Ololi, Obaa, Oyuomi Mbama, Oyuomi Tcherre, Yaba-Mbeti | Idiata 2007; Lane 1989 |
| B60: Mbete group | B62 | mbm | Mbaama (B601, Obamba, Ombamba, Lembaama, Lembaamba, Lim-Bamba, M-Bamba, Mbama, Mbamba), Liweme, Sibiti, Mpini, Ndouba, Obeli, Oyabi | Idiata 2007; Lane 1989 |
| B60: Mbete group | B63 | nmd | Dumu (Ondoumbo, Ondumbo, Lindumu, Mindoumou, Mindumbu, Minduumo, Lendumu, Ndumu, Ndumbo, Ndumbu, Ndumu, Nduumo, Bandoumou, Doumbou, Dumbu), Epigi, Kanandjoho, Kuya, Nyani (Nyangi) | Idiata 2007; Lane 1989 |
| B70: Teke group | B701 | tck | Tsitsege (Latsitsege, Lintsitsege, Tchitchege) | Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 |
| B70: Teke group | B71 | teg | Teghe (Tege, Iteghe, Latege) Keteghe (Kali, B71A, Ketego), Katege (B71B, Kateghe, Njining’i, Nzikini), Teke of Gabon, Teke of the Upper Alima | Adam 1954 |
| B70: Teke group | B72 | ngz | Northeastern Teke, Engungwel (B72a, Ngungwel, Ngangoulou, Ngangulu, Ngungulu), Mpu (Mpumpum), Mpumpu, B72b) | Rurangwa 1982; Bouka 1989b |
| B70: Teke group | B73a | tyi | Tsaayi (Caayi, Getsaayi, Tsaya, Tsaye, Tsayi) | Jacquot 1978 |
| B70: Teke group | B73b | lli | Laali (Gibongo-Ilaali, Ilaali) | Klieman 1997; Bouka 1989b |
| B70: Teke group | B73c | iyx | Yaa (Bayaka, Iyaka, Yaka, Ibongo-Iyaa) | Mouandza (2002) Klieman 1997; Bouka 1989b |
| B70: Teke group | B73d | tyx | Tyee (Tye, Tee, Teke-Tyee), Kwe | Bouka 1989b; Nkara 2007 |
| B70: Teke group | B74 | ebo/nzu | Central Teke, Teke-Eboo (B74b, Boma, Babuma, Bamboma, Boo, Boõ, Eboom, Iboo), Nzikou (B74a, Ndzindziu, Njiunjiu, Njyunjyu, Nzinzu, Enjyunjyu) | Raharimanantsoa 2012; Nsuka Nkutsi 1990 |
| B70: Teke group | B75–6 | tek | Bali (Ambali, Ibali Teke, Ibali), Kiteke (B76, East Teke, Mosieno, Ng’ee, Bamfunuka), Nunu (B822, B80Nu) | Sims 1886: i-xii Bastin 1978; Boone 1973: 295-306; Bastin et al. 1999 |
| B70: Teke group | B77a | kkw | Kukuya (Chikuya, Cikuya, Kikuwa, Koukouya, Kukua, Kukuya, Kukwa) | Paulian 1975 |
| B70: Teke group | B77b | ifm | Fumu (Fuumu, Mfumu, Ifuumu, Teke du Pool), Wuumo (B78, Ewuumo, Wũ, Mpuon (Mpuono, B84A), Mpuun (B84B) | Calloc’h 1911; Jacquot 1965; Makouta-Mboukou 1977; Bastin et al. 1999: 13; 183; 193; 202 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B81 | tii | Tiene (Kitiene, Kitiini, Tende, Tiene), Nunu (C31C, Banunu, Kenunu) | Motingea Mangulu 2004; Ellington 1977; Hulstaert 1951: 32-33 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B82 | boh | Boma (Kiboma, Boma Kasai, Buma) | Hochegger 1972 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B821 | - | Mpe (Kempee) | Detienne 1984; Bastin et al. 1999: 202 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B83 | zmf | Mfinu (Funika, Emfinu, Mfununga), Ntsiam, Ntswar | Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B84 | see B77b | ||
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B85 | yns | Yans (Yanzi), West Yansi (B85a, Mbien), East Yans (B85b), Yeei (B85c) | Mayanga 1985: 1-22; Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B85d | soo | Nsong (Tsong), Mpiin (B863) | Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B864 | noq | Ngongo (Ngong, Ngoongo) | Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1907 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B85F (= L12a) | smx | Ntsambaan (Sambaan) | Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973; Maes 1934 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B86 | diz | Dzing (Di, Din, Ding, Dinga), Mpur (B85e, Mput) | Boone 1973; Muluwa and Bostoen 2015; Mertens 1939 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B861 | nlo | Ngul (Banguli, Ingul, Ngoli, Ngul, Nguli, Ngulu), Ngwi | Maes 1934; Boone 1973; Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B862 | - | Lwel (Balori) | Khang Levy 1979; Maes 1934; Koni Muluwa and Bostoen 2011 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B865 | - | Nzadi (Bandjari) | Maes 1934; Crane et al. 2011; Boone 1973 |
| B80: Tiene-Yanzi | B87 | zmp | Mbuun (Mbunda, Kimbuun, Gimbunda, Ambuun) | Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973 |
| C10 | C101 | bvx | Babole (Dibole), Dzeke, Ebambe, Edzama, Kinami, Mossengue, Mounda | Gardner 1990; Leitch 2004 |
| C10 | C102 | ngd | Ngando (Bagandou, Bangandou, Dingando, Mouna-Bagandou) Bodzanga, Dikota (C103, Kota), Dikuta, Ngando-Kota, Bodzanga | Périquet 1915; Bouquiaux and Thomas 1994; Guillaume and Delobeau 1978 |
| C10 | C104 | axk | Aka (Yaka, Aka de la Lobaye), Benzele (Bendjelle, Mbenzele), ‘Babinga’ | Bruel 1911; Bahuchet 1989 |
| C10 | C105 | - | Mikaya, Bambengangale, Baluma | Klieman 1997; Thomas and Bahuchet 1991 |
| C10 | C11 | ndn | Goundi (Gundi, Ingundi, Ngondi, Ngundi) | Ouzilleau 1911; Périquet 1915 |
| C10 | C12 | bkj | Pande (C12a, Ipande), Bukongo (C12b, Bogongo, Gongo) | Ouzilleau 1911; Bruel 1911; Périquet 1915; Hauser 1954 |
| C10 | C13 | mdn | Mbati, Isongo (Issongo, Lisongo, Lissongo) | Guillaume and Delobeau 1978; Mbalanga 1996; Bouquiaux and Thomas 1994 |
| C10 | C14 | zmx | Bomitaba (Mbomotaba), Itanga | Gardner 1990 |
| C10 | C143 | bok | Bonjo (Mbonzo), Impfondo (C143) | Gardner 1990; Samarin 1984; Hauser 1954 |
| C10 | C15 | bui | Bongili ([E18], Bongili-Pikounda, Bongiri, Bungili, Bungiri), Inyele (C141), Bondongo (C142) | Motingea Mangulu 2008; Gardner 1990; Hauser 1954 |
| C10 | C16 | loq | Lobala, Likoka, Tanda | Gardner 1990; Hauser 1954 |
| C10 | C16 | bkp | Boko (Iboko) | Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C10 | C161 | bml | Bomboli | de Boeck 1948 |
| C10 | C162 | bzo | Bozaba (Budjaba, Budzaba, Buzaba) | de Boeck 1948 |
| C20: Mboshi | C21 (= C23) | mdu | Mboko (Mboxo, Mbuku), Ngare (Ngáre) | Ndinga Oba 2003 |
| C20: Mboshi | C22 | akw | Akwa (Akwá) | Ndinga Oba 2003; Aksenova and Toporova 2002 |
| C20: Mboshi | C24 | koh | Koyo (Ekoyo, Kouyou, Koyó) | Ndinga Oba 2003; Poupon 1919 |
| C20: Mboshi | C25 | mdw | Mbosi (C25A, Embosi, Mbochi, Mboshi, Mboshe, Mbonzi), Olee (C25B), Ondinga (C25C), Ngolo (C25D), Eboi (C25E) | Fontaney 1989: 87-89; Ndinga Oba 2003 |
| C20: Mboshi | C26 | kwc | Kouala (Likouala, Ekwala, Kwala, Likwala, Likwála) | Ndinga Oba 2003 |
| C20: Mboshi | C27 | kxx | Kuba (Likuba), Bwenyi (C201, Buegni) | Ndinga Oba 2003; Adoua 1981 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C302 | bzm | Bolondo | de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 2002: 149-150 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C31a | biz | Loi (Baloi, Boloi), Makutu, Likila, Mampoko, Mpundza (C36c, Mbudza, Mpundza) | de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C311 | mmz | Mabale (Mabaale, Lomabaale), Mabembe | Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C312 | ndw | Ndobo (Ndoobo) | Motingea Mangulu 1990a; de Boeck 1948 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C313 | - | Litoka | Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C314 | lie | Balobo | de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C32 | bni | Bangi (Bobangi, Bubangi, Lobobangi) | Whitehead 1899 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C32 (= C38) | mow | Moi (Lemoi, Moyi, Moye), Liku, Rebu | Motingea Mangulu and Biako Montanga Mayika 2016 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C321 | liz | Binza (Libindja, Libinja, Libinza]) | van Leynseele 1977; Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C322 | - | Zamba (C322, Dzamba, Jamba) | de Boeck 1948; Kamanda Kola 1991 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C323 | - | Mpama | Motingea Mangulu 1996; Hulstaert 1984 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C33 | szg | Sengele (Kesengele, Sengere) | Hulstaert 1951; Motingea Mangulu 2001 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C34 | skt | Sakata (C34A), Djia (C34B, Dja, Dia, Kidjia, Wadia), Bai (C34C, Kibay, Kibai), Tuku-Ketu-Batow (C34D) | Tylleskär 1987 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C35a | nto | Ntomba (Lontomba, Luntumba, Ntumba), Sakani (C35C, Lotsakani, Sakanyi) | Mamet 1955; Hulstaert 1993 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C35b | bli | Bolia (Bulia) | Mamet 1960 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C36 | lse | Lusengo (Losengo), Poto (C36a, Pfoto, Yakata), Mpesa (C36b, Limpesa), Kangana (C36f), Enga (C315, Baenga, Bolombo), Eleku | Motingea Mangulu 2008; Motingea Mangulu 1993a; Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C36e | bkt | Boloki (Baloki, Boleki, Buluki), Ngala (C36d, Mangala) | Motingea Mangulu 2002; Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C36g | ndl | Ndolo (Ndoolo), Kula (C415, Likula) | de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C37 | bja | Budja (Buja, Ebudja, Budza, Ebuja, Embudja, Embuja, Limbudza, Mbudja, Mbuza), Bosambi, Mbila, Monzamboli, Yaliambi | Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C371 | tmv | Tembo (Motembo, Litembo) de la Mongala, Motembo des grandes îles du Fleuve, Motembo septentrional (C374, Buja, Babale de Bosô-Njanoa), Kunda (C372, Motembo de Budzala, Motembo de la rivière Mbanga) | Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C30: Bangi-Ntomba | C373 | - | Egbuta | Motingea Mangulu 2003 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C401 | pae | Pagibete (Apagibete, Apagibeti, Apakabeti, Apakibeti, Pagabete) | Boone and Olson 2004; Reeder 1998 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C403 | kty | Kango (Bacango, Kango of Bas-Uélé District, Likango) | McMaster 1988; de Calonne-Beaufaict 1912 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C41 | ngc | Ngombe (Lingombe), Ngombe of the Congo river (C41A), Ngombe at Bosobolo (C41B, North Ngombe), Ngombe at Libenge (C41C, North-West Ngombe), Binza (C41D, East Ngombe) | Motingea Mangulu 1988; Motingea Mangulu 1996; de Rop 1960; Burssens 1958: 32-36 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C411 | bws | Bomboma, Bangiri, Likaw (Likao), Lingundu (Lingonda), Ebuku | de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C412 | bmg | Bamwe, Libobi, Lifonga, Likata | de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C413 | dzn | Dzando (Djando), Ngiri (C31b) | Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 73-74; de Boeck 1948 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C414 | lgz | Gendja (Gendza-Bali, Ligendza, Ligenza) | Motingea Mangulu 2001; Vanhouteghem 1947 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C42 | bwl | Bwela (Buela, Ebwela), Doko around Lisala (C301), Lingi | Motingea Mangulu 1996 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C44 | bww | Bwa (Boa, Boua, Bobwa, Kibua, Kibwa, Leboale, Libua, Libwali), Yewu (C402), Leangba, Baati (C43A, Bati, Lebaati), Benge (C43B, Libenge, Mobenge), Boganga (C43C, Boyanga), Ligbe (C43D) | Boone and Olson 2004; Motingea Mangulu 2005; Czekanowski 1924; Halkin and Viaene 1911; McMaster 1988; Bostoen and Grégoire 2007 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C441 | bbm | Bango (Babango, Mobango, Southwest Bwa | Motingea Mangulu 1995; Motingea Mangulu 1995: 5 |
| C40: Ngombe group | C45 | agh | Ngelima (Kingbelima, Bangalema, Bangelima),Beo (C45A, Lebeo), Buru (C45B), Tungu (C45C) | Gérard 1924 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C502 | - | Elinga (Loselinga) | Motingea Mangulu 1994a |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C51 | zms | Mbesa ([E18], Mobesa, Mombesa) | Hulstaert 1951; de Boeck 1951 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C52 | soc | So (Basoko, Eso, Gesogo, Heso, Soa, Losoko) | Czekanowski 1924; Harries 1955; Bastin et al. 1999: 208 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C53 | pof | Poke (Pfoke, Poke, Puki, Tofoke, Topoke, Tovoke) | Torday and Joyce 1922; Bastin et al. 1999: 208 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C54 | loo | Lombo (Olombo, Tu-Rumbu, Turumbu, Ulumbu) | Carrington 1947 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C55 | khy/fom | Kele (Ekele, Lokele, Kili, Likelo, Lokele), Yakusu, Foma (C56, Fuma, Li-Foma, Lofoma)11 Likile (C501) | Carrington 1943; Bastin et al. 1999: 208 |
| C60: Mongo-Nkundo | C61 | lol/ymg | Mongo (Lomongo, Bololo, Lolo), Nkundo (Lonkundo, Lokonda, Nkundu, Nkundo-Twa), Bakutu (C61A), Bokote (C61B, Bokote Tswa, Ngata, Wangata), Booli (C61C), Bosaka (C61D, Bolandá), Konda (C61E, Ekonda, Ekonda-Bosanga, Ekonda-Twa), Ekota (C61F), Emoma (C61G), Ikongo (C61H, Lokalo-Lomela), Iyembe (C61I, Iyembe de la Lokolo), Ntomba (C61J, Lionje, Nsongo, Bikoro), Yamongo (C61K), Mbole (C61L, Nkengo, Yenge, Yongo, Bosanga-Mbole, Mangilongo, Lwankamba, Lonkembe, Liinja), Nkole (C61M), South Mongo (C61N, Belo, Bolongo, Acitu, Panga), Yailima (C61O, Yalima, Yajima), Ngombe-Lomela (C61P, Longombe, Ngome à Múná), Kitwa-Inongo, Ndombe Tswa, Nkundo Batswa, Twa of Ekonda, Mpombo (C351, Mpombo), Yamongeri (C36H)13 | Engels (1911), Hiernaux et al. (1976), Hulstaert (1948), Hulstaert (1999), Motingea Mangulu (1994b), Müller (1964), Nsenga Diatwa (2009) |
| C60: Mongo-Nkundo | C611 | - | Bafotó, Batswa de l’Equateur | Hulstaert 1978 |
| C60: Mongo-Nkundo | C63 | nxd/lal | Bongando (Longandu, Ngando, Ngandu), Lalia (C62) | Hulstaert 1987 |
| C60: Mongo-Nkundo | C70 | lal | ||
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C71 | hba | Hamba | Kasongo 1993; Labaere and Shango 1989 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C71 | tll | Tetela (Otetela, Batetela), Batetela du Nord, Otetela-Olembe, Sungu Batetela | Labaere and Shango 1989; Jacobs 1964: 9-12 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C72 | ksv | Kusu (Bakusu, Kikusu), Kusu of Kimbombo | Motingea Mangulu 1989; Jacobs 1964: 9-12 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C73 | nkw | Nkutu (Ankfucu, Bankutu, Nkuchu, Nkutshu, Lonkutshu, Lonkucu) | Jacobs and Omeonga 2004; Hulstaert 1951: 23; Motingea Mangulu 1989 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C74/C75 | yel/kel | Yela (C74, Boyela), Kela (C75) | Hulstaert 1942; 1999 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C76 | oml | Ombo (Hombo, Loombo) | Meeussen 1952 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C80 | oml | ||
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C81 | dez | Dengese (Ndengese, Londengese), Nkutu | Hulstaert 1951; Goemaere 1984 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C82 | soe | Hendo (Ohendo, Lohendo, Ohendo), “Songomeno,” Hendo | Hulstaert 1951; Motingea Mangulu 1990b |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C83 | buf | Bushoong (Bushong, Bushongo, Busoong), Bakuba (Kuba, Bacuba), Batwa du Kasayi, Cwa du royaume Kuba), Ngeende (C83A, Ngende, Ngendi), Ngongo (C83B), Pyaang (C83C, Pianga, Piong, Panga), Shuwa (C83D, Shobwa, Shoba, Loshoobo) | Hiernaux 1966; Vansina 1959: 5 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C84 | lel | Lele (Bashilele, Usilele) | Douglas 1963; Maes 1934; Boone 1973 |
| C50: Soko-Kele group | C85 | won | Wongo (Bawongo), Gongo (Bakong, Tukkongo, Tukongo, Tukungo) | Maes 1934; Boone 1973 |
| D10 | D11 | mdq | Mbole (Lombole, Mbole of the Lomami), Yaikole, Yaisu, Yangonda, Lokaló de la haute Jwafa, Langa (C701) | Motingea Mangulu 1993b; de Rop 1971; Hulstaert 1988 |
| D10 | D12 | lej | Lengola (Kilengola, Lengora) | Stappers 1971 |
| D10 | D13 | zmq | Mituku (Metoko, Kinya-Mituku) | Stappers 1973; McMaster 1988 |
| D10 | D14 | gey | Enya (Genya, Tsheenya, Wagenya), Baena, Enya at Kisangani (D14A), Enya at Kongolo (D14B) | Spa 1973 |
| D10 | - | - | Mokpá, Bamanga Belueli, Pygmies of the Apare river Rundi Kitwa, Batwa of Burundi Kwandu Ngendelengo | Motingea Mangulu 1990; Vorbichler 1964; Schebesta 1953; van der Burgt 1902; Jordan 2015; Laranjo Medeiros 1981; Jordan 2015; Laranjo Medeiros 1981 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D201 | lik | Liko (Lika, Balika, Kilika, Liliká, Lilikó) | van Geluwe 1960; Harvey 1997 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D21 | bcp | Bali (Baali, Kibaali, Kibala, Kibali, Libaali, Mabali), Bafwandaka, Bakundumu, Bekeni, Bemili | Harvey 1997; van Geluwe 1960; McMaster 1988 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D211 | kzy | Kango (Dikango), ‘Dibatchua’ | Schebesta 1952; Vorbichler 1964; Harvey 1997 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D22 | rwm | Amba (Baamba, Kivamba, Ku-Amba, Kuamba, Kwamba, Rwaamba, RwaAmba, Rwamba) | Winter 1953; Joset 1952 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D23 | kmw | Komo (Kumu, Kikomo, Kikumo, Kikumu, Kikuumu, Kumo, Kuumu) | Harries 1958; McMaster 1988 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D24 | sod | Songola (Kesongola, Kisongoola, Songoora, Wasongoa, Watchongoa), Binja, Gengele (Kegengele) | Schoenbrun 1994; Delhaise 1909; Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 90 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D25 | lgm | Lega-Mwenga, Lega-Ntara, Isile (Ileka Ishile, Ishile, Isile, Kisile, Sile), Iwanyabaale, Kileega of Bakabango, Eastern Lega | Biebuyck 1973; Bastin et al. 1999: 209-210; Botne 2003: 422-423 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D251 | lea | Lega-Shabunda, Lega-Malinga, Kitila, Kiliga, Kiyoma, Kigala, Gonzabale, Beya-Munsange, Banagabo, Pangi Lega | Biebuyck 1973; Bastin et al. 1999: 209-210; Botne 2003: 422-423 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D251 | khx | Kanu (Kaanu, Kano, Kanu, Kikaanu, Likanu) | Biebuyck 1973 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D251 | ktf | Kwame (Kikwame, Kikwami, Kwami) | Biebuyck 1973 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D26 | zmb | Zimba, Ḱεsĺε, kisémolo, kyεnyε-mánila, kikwángε | Kabungama 1992 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D27 | bnx | Bangubangu (Bango-Bango, Bangobango, Kibangobango) | Meeussen 1954 |
| D20: Lega-Holoholo | D28 | hoo | Holoholo (Horohoro), West Holoholo (D28a, Guha, Kalanga), East Holoholo (D28b), Tumbwe (D281), Lumbwe (D282) | Coupez 1955; Maho and Sands 2004; Bastin et al. 1999: 210 |
| D30 | D301 | kbj | Kare (Kare, Akare, Likarili) | Dijkmans 1974; Santandrea 1964 |
| D30 | D302 | bqu | Guru (Boguru, Kogoro, Bukur) | Costermans 1953; van Bulck 1952; McMaster 1988: 242; 263 |
| D30 | D303 | nbd/myc | Bangbinda (Bungbinda, Ngbinda, Ngminda, Ngenda), Mayeka (D307) | Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Johnston 1922; Santandrea 1948; McMaster 1988 |
| D30 | D304 | hom | Homa (Hôma, Huma) | Santandrea 1948; Santandrea 1963; Hackett and van Bulck 1956 |
| D30 | D305 | nyc/gti | Nyanga-li, Gbati-ri (D306) | (Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 74) |
| D30 | D308 | boy | Bodo | Santandrea 1963; Santandrea 1948; McMaster 1988: 242; 263 |
| D30 | D31 | bhy | Bhele (Bili, Ebhele, Ipere, Kipere, Kipili, Pere, Peri, Pili, Piri) | Meyer and Raymond 1981; de Wit 1994 |
| D30 | D311 | bip | Bila (Babila, Ebila, Forest Bila, Forest Bira, Kibila) | Kutsch Lojenga 2003 |
| D30 | D312 | kkq | Kaiku (Ikaiku, Kaiko) | de Wit 1994 |
| D30 | D32 | brf | Bera (Bira, Plains Bira, Babira, Wawira, Grassland Bavira, Lower Bera), Sese | van Geluwe 1956 |
| D30 | D33 | nlj | Nyali (Banyari, Linyali), “Huku” | Harries 1959; van Geluwe 1960 |
| D30 | D331 | vau | Vanuma (Bvanuma, Libvanuma, Livanuma), Mbuttu (D313, Pygmy language spoken in Avakubi district on the north side of the Ituri between its confluence with the Epulu and with the Nepoko) | Schebesta 1966; Johnston 1922: 484-495 |
| D30 | D332 | buu | Budu (Badimbisa Budu, Bodo, Ebudu, Kibudu, Mabudu | Asangama 1983 |
| D30 | D333 | ndk | Ndaaka (Ndaka, Bombo Ndaka, Indaaka) | Harvey 1997; van Geluwe 1960 |
| D30 | D334 | zmw | Mbo (Imbo, Kimbo, Mbo-Beke) | van Geluwe 1960 |
| D30 | D335 | bkf | Beeke (Beke, Ibeeke, Beeke) | Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 84 |
| D30 | D336 | jgb | Ngbele (Lingbe, Lingbee, Mangbele, Ngbee) | Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Liesenborghs 1932; Verhulpen 1936b |
| D40: Nyanga | D41 | see JD41 | ||
| D40: Nyanga | D42 | see JD42 | ||
| D40: Nyanga | D43 | nyj | Nyanga (Inyanga, Kinyanga) | Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Mateene 1980 |
| D50: Bembe-Buyi | D501-D531 | see JD50 | ||
| D50: Bembe-Buyi | D54 | bmb | Bembe (Babembe of Kivu, Beembe, Bembe, Ebembe, Ibembe) | Meeussen 1953; Verhulpen 1936b; Biebuyck 1973 |
| D50: Bembe-Buyi | D55 | byi | Buyu (Boyo, Bujwe, Buyi, Kibuyu) | Meeussen 1953; Biebuyck 1973 |
| E40: Temi | E401-E45 | see JE40 | ||
| E40: Temi | E46 | soz | Temi (GiTemi), Ketemi), “Sonjo” | Nurse and Rottland 1992 |
| E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group | E51 | kik | Kikuyu (Gekoyo, Gikuyu) | Mutahi 1981; Sim 1977 |
| E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group | E52 | ebu | Embo (Embu), Mbeere (Mbere, Kimbeere) | Mwaniki 2014; Mutahi 1981; Möhlig 1974 |
| E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group | E53 | mer | Meru (Kimeru, Mero), Imenti | Möhlig 1974 |
| E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group | E531 | mws | Mwimbi-Muthambi | Möhlig 1974 |
| E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group | E54 | thk | Tharaka (Tharaka, Central Tharaka, Saraka, Sharoka), Thagicu | Möhlig 1974 |
| E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group | E541 | cuh | Chuka (Chuku, Cuka, Suka) | Möhlig 1974 |
| E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group | E55 | kam | Kamba (Kenya), Kekamba, Kikamba) | Lindblom 1926: 3-18 |
| E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group | E56 | dhs | Daisu (Dhaisu, Daiso, Kidhaiso), “Segeju” | Nurse 2000 |
| E60: Chaga group | E61 | see West Kilimanjaro E621 | ||
| E60: Chaga group | E62a | see West Kilimanjaro E621, Central Kilimanjaro E622 | ||
| E60: Chaga group | E62b | see Central Kilimanjaro E622 | ||
| E60: Chaga group | E621A (=E61) | rwk | Rwa (Rwo), Meru (Mero) | Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 |
| E60: Chaga group | E621B (=E62a) | jmc | Machame (Caga-Machame, Kimachame, Kimashami, Macame, Machambe, Madjame, Mashami), Siha (E621C, Kisiha), Narumu, Ng’uni (E621F), “Hai,” Masama (621E, Masdama) | Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 |
| E60: Chaga group | E622A (=E62a) | old | Mochi (Kimochi, Kimoshi, Moshi, Mosi), Mbokomu (E622B), Uru (E622D, Oru), Kuma (Okuma, “Rusha,” E63) | Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 |
| E60: Chaga group | E622C (=E62b) | vun | Vunjo (Wunjo, Kivunjo, Kiwunjo, Wuunjo), Lema (Kilema), Kiruwa, Mamba, Woso (Kiw’oso, Kibosho), Kindi, Kombo, Mweka (Mwika), Marangu (Morang’u), Kiruwa | Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 |
| E60: Chaga group | E623 (=E62c) | rof | Rombo (Kirombo), Keni (E623D), Mashati (E623B), Mkuu (E623C), Usseri (E623A, Kiseri, Useri), Mriti | Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 |
| E60: Chaga group | E64 | hka | Kahe, Kikahe | Kahigi 2008; Winter 1980 |
| E60: Chaga group | E65 | gwe | Gweno (Ghonu, Gweno, Ki-Gweno, Kighonu, Kigweno) | Winter 1980; Philippson and Nurse 2000 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E701 | mlk | Elwana (Ilwana, Kiwilwana), ‘Malakote’ | van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Nurse 2000 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E71 | pkb | Pokomo (Pfokomo), Buu, Upper Pokomo (E71A), Lower Pokomo (E71B, Malachini) | Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E72a,e,G,H | nyf | Giryama (Agiryama, Giriama, Giryama, Kigiriama), Nyika (Nika, Kinyika), Kambe (E72G), Chwaka, Rabai (E72e), Ribe (E72H) | van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Möhlig 1986 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E72b,c,F | coh | Kauma (E72b), Chonyi (E72c, Conyi, Chichonyi), Jibana (E72F, Dzihana, Chidzihana) | van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Möhlig 1986 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E72d | dug | Duruma | Möhlig 1986; van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E73 | dig | Digo (Kidigo), Degere (E732 Madhaka)18 | Nicolle 2013: 1-5 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E731 | seg | Segeju (Kisegeju, Sageju, Segeju, Sengeju) | Nurse 1982 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E74a,C | dav | Taita, Dawida (Dabida, Davida, E74a), Bura, Chawia, Kasigau (E74C, Kisighau) | van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980 |
| E70: Nyika-Taita group | E74b | tga | Sagalla (Kisagalla, Sagala, Sagalla Taita, Saghala), Dambi, Kishamba | van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980 |
| F10: Tongwe-Bende group | F11 | tny | Tongwe (Kitongwe, Kitoongwe, Sitongwe) | Masele 2001 |
| F10: Tongwe-Bende group | F12 | bdp | Bende, Gongwe | Abe 2011 |
| F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi | F21 | suk | Sukuma, Kemunasukuma (F21A, North Sukuma), Kemunangweeli (F21B), Kiiya (F21C, Kiya, JinaKiiya), Kemunadakama (F21D, South Sukuma), Nasa (F21E, Kinaanasa), Sumaabu (F21F, SumaaBu, KisumaaBu), Nelaa (F21G, Kinaanelaa), Ntuzu (Gina-Ntuzu, Kimunantuzu, F21H) | Masele 2001 |
| F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi | F22A,B,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K | nym | Nyamwezi (Kinyamwezi), Galaganza (F22A, Sigalagaanza, Garaganza), Mweri (F22B), Nyanyembe (F22D, Unyanyemba, Unyanyembe), Takama (F22E, Dakama), Nangwila (F22F), Ilwana (Kilwana, Ilwana-Nyamwezi F22G), Uyui (F22H), Rambo (F22I), Ndaala (F22J, Ndala), Nyambiu (F22K) | Masele 2001 |
| F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi | F22C | kcz | Konongo (Kikonoongo), East Nyamwezi | Masele 2001 |
| F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi | F23 | suw | Sumbwa (Kisumbwa, Shisumbwa, Shumbwa), Sisiloombo, Siyoombe | Masele 2001 |
| F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi | F24 | kiv | Kimbu (Kikimbu, Kikiimbu), North KiKiimbu, South Kikiimbu | Masele 2001 |
| F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi | F25 | wun | Bungu (Ici-Wungu, Iciwungu, Kibungu, Ungu, Wungu) | Roth 2011 |
| F30: Nilamba-Rangi | F31A,C,D,E | nim | Nilamba, Ilamba, Central Laamba (F31A, Kinilaamba), Ushoola (F31C, Ushoola), Nyambi (F31D, Iambi), Mbuga (F31E) | Masele 2001 |
| F30: Nilamba-Rangi | F31B | isn | Isanzu (Ihaanzu, Issansu) | Masele 2001 |
| F30: Nilamba-Rangi | F32 | rim | Limi (Rimi, Keremi, Kilimi), Ahi (GiAhi, Chahi), Ginyamunyinganyi), Rwana (Girwana), Nyaturu (Kinyaturu, Turu) | Masele 2001 |
| F30: Nilamba-Rangi | F33 | lag | Rangi (Langi, Irangi, Kelangi, Kilaangi), Kondoa | Dunham 2007 |
| F30: Nilamba-Rangi | F34 | mgz | Mbugwe (Buwe, Kimbugwe, Kiumbugwe, Mbuwe) | Mous 2004 |
| G10: Gogo-Kagulu | G11 | gog | Gogo (Chigogo, Cigogo, Gogo, Ki-Gogo, Kigogo) | Gonzales 2002 |
| G10: Gogo-Kagulu | G12 | kki | Kagulu (Chikagulu, Cikagulu, Kagulu, Kaguru, Kigaguru,Kikagulu) | Petzell 2008 |
| G10: Gogo-Kagulu | G21 | tvs | Taveta (“Tubeta”) | van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Kitetu 2012 |
| G10: Gogo-Kagulu | G22 | asa | Pare, Asu (Ashu, Athu, Casu, Chasu, Chiasu), South Pare (G22B, Gonja, Mbaga (G22B), North Pare (G22A) | van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Kitetu 2012; Mreta 2000 |
| G10: Gogo-Kagulu | G23 | ksb | Shambala (Šambala, Kisambaa, Kishambaa, Kishambala, Sambaa, Sambala, Sambara, Schambala, Shambaa) | Nurse 1988 |
| G10: Gogo-Kagulu | G24 | bou | Bondei (Bonde, Boondei, Kibondei) | Merlevede 1995; Legère 1992 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G301 | doe | Doe (Dohe, Ki-Doe) | Gonzales 2002 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G31 | ziw | Zigula (Chizigula, Kizigua, Kizigula, Msegua, Seguha, Wazegua, Zeguha, Zegura, Zigoua, Zigua, Zigwa) | Petzell and Hammarström 2013 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G311 | xma | Mushungulu (Kimushungulu, Mushunguli, Mushungulu), Zigua in Somalia | Hout 2012; Williams 2012; Grottanelli 1953 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G32 | cwe | Ngwele (Kakwere, Kikwere, Kinghwele, Kwele, Kwere, Ng’were, Ngh’wele, Nhwele, Nwele, Tsinghwele) | Gonzales 2002; Legère 2003 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G33 | zaj | Zaramo (Dzalamo, Saramo, Zalamo (E18)) | Gonzales 2002 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G34 | ngp | Ngulu (Kingulu, Ngulu, Nguru, Nguu) | Petzell and Hammarström 2013 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G35 | ruf | Ruguru (Luguru, Cilugulu, Guru, Ikiruguru, Kiluguru, Kiruguru, Lughuru, Lugulu) | Gonzales 2002; Mkude 1974 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G36 | kcu | Kami (Kikami) | Petzell and Hammarström 2013 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G37 | kdc | Kutu (Khutu, Kikutu, Kixutu, Kutu | Petzell and Hammarström 2013 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G38 | vid | Vidunda (Chividunda, Kividunda, Ndunda, Vidunda) | Gonzales 2002; Legère 2007 |
| G30: Zigula-Zaramo | G39 | sbm | Sagala (Saghala, Ki-Sagara, Kisagala, Kisagara) Kondoa, Solwe, Kweny, Nkwifiya (Kwiva, Kwifa) | Gonzales 2002 |
| G40: Swahili group | G402 | ymk | Makwe (Coastal Makwe, Interior Makwe, Kimakwe, Macue) | Devos 2007 |
| G40: Swahili group | G403 | wmw | Mwani (Cap Delgado, Kimwani, Muane, Mwane, Mwani, Quimuane) | Schadeberg 1997 |
| G40: Swahili group | G412 | - | Mwiini (Chimwiini, Mwini, Barawa) | Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993 |
| G40: Swahili group | G41–43 | swh/swc/ccl | Swahili (Kiswahili), Tikuu (G41, Bajuni, Bagiuni), Socotra Swahili (G411), Amu (G42a, Pate, Siu, Siyu), Mombasa area Swahili (G42b, Mvita, Ngare, Jomvu, Changamwe, Kilindini), Mrima (G42c, Mtang’ata, Lugha ya Zamani), Unguja (G42d, Kiunguja), Malindi (G42E, Mambrui), Fundi (G42F, Chifundi), Chwaka (G42G), Vumba (G42H), Madagascar Swahili (G42I, Nosse Be), Pemba (G43a, Southern Pemba, Northern Pemba), Tumbatu (G43b), Makunduchi (G43c, “Hadimu,” Kae, Kikae), Mafia (G43D, Mbwera, Kingome), Kilwa (G43E), Mgao (G43F, G401, Kimgao), Sidi (G404), Cutchi Swahili, Congo Swahili (Lubumbashi Swahili, Shaba Swahili, Kingwana) | Ashton 1944; Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993; Lodhi 2008; Samarin 2014; Neale 1974 |
| G40: Swahili group | G44(D) | swb | Maore Comorian (Comoro, Komoro, Shimaore) | Full 2006 |
| G40: Swahili group | G44a | zdj | Ngazija (Shingazidja) | Full 2006 |
| G40: Swahili group | G44b | wni | Njuani (Ndzwani, Shindjuani) | Full 2006 |
| G40: Swahili group | G44C | wlc | Mwali (Shimwali) | Full 2006 |
| G50: Pogolo-Ndamba group | G51, G52 | poy/ndj | Pogolo (Chipogolo, Chipogoro, Cipogolo, Pogolu, Pogora, Pogoro)Ndamba (Kindamba) | Hendle 1907; Novotná 2005 |
| G60: Bena-Kinga group | G61 | sbp | Sango (Mahango, Eshisango, Kisangu), Lori (Rori) | Mumford 1934; Nurse 1988 |
| G60: Bena-Kinga group | G62 | heh | Hehe (Ehe, Ekiehe, Kihehe) | Mumford 1934; Nurse 1988 |
| G60: Bena-Kinga group | G63 | bez | Bena (Ekibena, Ikibena | Mitterhofer 2013 |
| G60: Bena-Kinga group | G64 | pbr | Pangwa (Ekipangwa, Kipangwa) | Stirnimann 1983 |
| G60: Bena-Kinga group | G65 | zga | Kinga (Ekikinga, Kikinga) | Schadeberg 1971; Nurse 1988 |
| G60: Bena-Kinga group | G651 | gmx | Magoma (Kimagoma) | Schadeberg 1971: 1; 190 |
| G60: Bena-Kinga group | G66 | wbi | Wanji (Kivwanji, Kiwanji, Vwanji, Wanji) | Nurse 1988 |
| G60: Bena-Kinga group | G67 | kiz | Kisi (Kese, Kikisi) | Fülleborn 1906; Nurse 1988 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H10A | ktu | Kituba (Kikongo-Kutuba), Ikeleve, Kibulamatadi, Kikongo Commercial, Kikongo Simplifie (Kikongo Simplifié), Kikongo Ya Leta, Kileta | Mufwene 2009 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H10B | mkw | Munukutuba (Monokutuba) | Mufwene 2009 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H11 | beq | Beembe (Bembe), Keenge, Yari (Kiyari) | Jacquot 1981 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H112A | xku | Kaamba (Kamba, Kikaamba) | Bouka 1989a; de Schryver et al. 2015 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H112B | dde | Doondo (Dondo, Kidoondo) | Even 1931; Mfoutou 1985; Lumwamu 1974 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H12 | vif | Vili (Civili, Civili ci Loango, Vili of Mayumbe, Loango) | Mavoungou et al. 2010 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H13 | njx | Kunyi (Kuni, Kikunyi, Kugni) | Lumwamu 1974; Bastin et al. 1999 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H131 | sdj | Suundi (Kissoundi, Kisuundi, Sunde), Kifouma, Kimongo | Mabiala 1999 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H16a-b | kng | South Kikongo, Kisikongo (H16a), Kisolongo, Kimboma, Central Kikongo, Manyanga (H16b, Kimanyanga), Mazinga, Ndibu (Bandibu), Bwende (H16e), Zoombo (H16h, Zombo, Pende) | Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015; Laman 1936: lxxxv-lxxxvii |
| H10: Kikongo group | H16c-d | yom/kwy | Yombe (Yoombi, Kiyombe), Ciwoyo, Cizobe, Kakongo, Ndingi (H14), Mboka (H15), Cimbala, Cizali | Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015 |
| H10: Kikongo group | H16f | ldi | Laadi (Laari, Kiladi, Kilari), Ghaangala (H111, Kighaangala, Hangala) | |
| H10: Kikongo group | H16g-h | kng | Eastern Kikongo, Ntandu (Kintandu), Mbeko, Nkanu (H16h), Mbata, Mpangu | Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015 |
| H20: Kimbundu group | H21 | kmb | Mbundu (H21a, Bunda, Bundo, Kimbundo, Quimbundo, Kimbundu), Kimbamba (H21b, Njinga, Ginga, Jinga) | Vieira-Martinez 2006 |
| H20: Kimbundu group | H22 | smd | Kisama (Kissama, Quissama, Sama) | Heintze 1970; Price 1872 |
| H20: Kimbundu group | H23 | blv | Kibala (Bolo, Libolo, Libollo, Libolu, Lubalo, Lubolo), Haka (Haco), “Ngoya” | Angenot et al. 2011 |
| H20: Kimbundu group | H24 | nsx | Songo (Nsongo, Basongo, Massongo, Songu, Sungu) | Jaspert and Jaspert 1930; Vansina 2004 |
| H30: Yaka group | H31 | yaf/ppp/lnz | Yaka (Bayaka, Iaka, Iyaka, Kiyaka), Pelende (Phelende), Lonzo | van den Eynde 1968; Ntoya Maselo 2014 |
| H30: Yaka group | H321 (= L101) | shc | Sonde (Soonde, Kisonde), Lua (Luwa) | Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1907 |
| H30: Yaka group | H32 | sub | Suku (Kisuku) | Piper 1977 |
| H30: Yaka group | H33H34 | =-mxg | Hungu, Tsotso, Pombo22Mbangala (H34, Bangala, Cimbangala), Shinji(H35, Sinji, Yungo) | Atkins 1955; Chatelain and Summer 1894 |
| H40: Mbala-Hunganna | H41 | mdp | Mbala (Bambala of Kwango, Gimbala, Rumbala) | Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1922 |
| H40: Mbala-Hunganna | H42 | hum | Hunganna (Huana, Hungaan, Hungana, Kihungana), Saamba (Tsaamba, Tsamba) | Torday and Joyce 1922; Boone 1973; Takizala 1974; Muluwa and Bostoen 2015 |
| JD41: Konzo-Nande group | JD41 | koo | Konzo (Kikondjo, Konjo, Lhukonzo, Olukonjo, Olukonzo, Rukonjo, Rukonzo, Rukoonzo), Sanza (Ekisanza) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD41: Konzo-Nande group | JD42 | nnb | Nande (Banande, Nandi, Ndandi, Kinande, Kinandi), Shu (Ekishu), Yira (Ekiyira) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD41: Konzo-Nande group | JD43 | see under D40 | ||
| JD50: Shi-Hunde group | JD501 | nyg | Nyindu | Igunzi 2013 |
| JD50: Shi-Hunde group | JD51 | hke | Hunde (Kihunde, Kihuunde), Kobi (Rukobi) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD50: Shi-Hunde group | JD52 | hav | Haavu (Havu, Kihaavu) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD50: Shi-Hunde group | JD53 | shr | Shi (Mashi), Nyabungu | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD50: Shi-Hunde group | JD531 | tbt | Tembo (Chitembo, Kitembo) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD50: Shi-Hunde group | JD54 | see under D50 | ||
| JD50: Shi-Hunde group | JD55 | see under D50 | ||
| JD50: Shi-Hunde group | JD56 | kcw | Bwari (Kabwari) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group | JD61 | kin | Rwanda (Kinyarwanda), Hutu), Kisoro Pygmies, Rwanda-Batwa, Fumbira (Rufumbira), Kirashi (JE221), Yaka (JD502) | Schumacher 1950; Munderi 2009; Schoenbrun 1994; Nzita 1992; (Jouannet 1983) |
| JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group | JD62 | run | Rundi (Kirundi) | van Bulck 1957 |
| JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group | JD63 | flr | Fuliiru (Fulero, Fuliiro, Fuliru, Kifuliiru) | Otterloo and Otterloo 2011; Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group | JD631 | job | Vira (Bavira, Kiviira), Joba (Kijoba) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group | JD64 | suj | Subi (Shuubi, Kishubi, Kisubi, Shubi, Shuwi), “Sinja” | Nurse and Philippson 1980 |
| JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group | JD65 | han | Hangaza, Kihangaza (KiHangaza) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group | JD66 | haq | Ha (Kiha) | Schoenbrun 1994; Harjula 2004 |
| JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group | JD67 | vin | Kivinza (KiVinza), Vinza) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE101 | rub | Gungu (Lugungu, Rugungu) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE102 | tlj | Talinga-Bwisi, Kitalinga (Talinga), (Bwissi, Lubwisi, Lubwissi, Mawissi, Olubwisi) | Paluku 1998 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE103 | ruc | Ruli (Eciruri, Luduuli, Ruli, Ruluuli, Ruluuli-Runyala, Ruuli) | Ladefoged et al. 1972 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE11 | nyo | Nyoro (Lunyoro (LuNyoro, Orunyoro, Runyoro) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE12 | ttj | Tooro (Orutoro, Rutooro, Rutoro, Tooro, Toro, Urutoro) | Rubongoya 1999 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE121 | nix | Hema (Bahima, Hema-Sud, Kihema), Congo Nyoro, Hema | Thiry 2004 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE13 | nyn | Nkore (Nkole, Nyankole, Nyankore, Olunyankole, Runyankole, Runyankore) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE14 | cgg | Chiga (Ciga, Kiga, Ruciga) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE15 | lug | Ganda (Luganda), Sese (Olusese), Vuma (Luvuma) | Schoenbrun 1994; Cunningham 1905 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE16 | xog | Soga (Busoga), Diope (Ludiope), Gabula (Lugabula), Gweri (Lugweri), Kigulu (Lukigulu), Lamogi (Lulamogi, Lulamoogi, Lamoogi), Luuka, Nholo (Lunholo), Siki (Siginyi, Lusiginyi, Lusiki), Tembe (Tembé, Lutembe), Tenga (Lutenga) | Fallers 1968; Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE16 | lke | Kenyi (Kenye, Kene, Lukenhe) | Ladefoged et al. 1972; Roscoe 1915 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE17 | gwr | Gwere (Lugwere) | Ladefoged et al. 1972 |
| JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group | JE18 | - | West Nyala | Kanyoro 1983; Ochwaya-Oluoch 2003: 7-8 |
| JE20: Haya-Jita group | JE21 | now | Nyambo (Ekinyambo), “Karagwe” | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE20: Haya-Jita group | JE22 | hay | Haya, Kyamutwara (JE22A, Kjamtwara, Kiamutwara), Bugabo (JE22B, Bugabu), Bukara (JE22C), Ziba (JE22D, Kiziba), Hanja (JE22E, Kianja, Kihanja, Kjanja), Hangiro (JE22F, Ihangiro), Missenyi (JE22G, Misenyi) | Herrmann 1904; Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE20: Haya-Jita group | JE23 | zin | Zinza (Dzinda, Dzindza, Echidzindza, Jinja) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE20: Haya-Jita group | JE24 | ked | Kerebe (Ecikerebe, Ekikerebe, Ikikerebe, Kerewe) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE20: Haya-Jita group | JE25 | jit | Jita (Ecejiita, Kijita) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE20: Haya-Jita group | JE251,253 | kya | Kwaya (JE251, Kikwaya), Ci-Ruri (JE253, Ruri, Rori, Kirori, Eciruri, Luri, Kiruri, Eciruuri, Ciruri) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE20: Haya-Jita group | JE252 | reg | Kara (Kikara), Regi (Kilegi, Kiregi) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE31 | myx | Masaba (Masaaba, Lumasaba), Gisu (JE31a, Gesu, Lugisu), Kisu (JE31b), Buya (J41G, Buuya, Lubuya), Dadiri (JE31F, Ludadiri, North Lumasaaba), Lufumbo, Luteza, Luwalasi, Luyobo | Schoenbrun 1994; la Fontaine 1959 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE31c | bxk | Bukusu (Vugusu) | Wagner and Mair 1970; Austen 1975: 1-37; Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE31D | - | Syan (Orusyan), Bumett (Pumit) | Huntingford 1965; Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE31E | lts | Tachon (Tachoni, Tatsoni) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE32a | lwg | Hanga (Wanga, Luwanga, Luhanga) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE32b | lto | Tsotso (Olutsotso) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE32C | lrm | Marama (Olumarama) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE32D | lks | Kisa (Olukisa) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE32E | lkb | Kabras (Kabarasi) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE32F | nle | East Nyala (Nyala North, Lunyala ‘K’), Kakalewa | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE33 | nyd | Nyole (Abanyole, Lunyole, Lunyore, Nyoole, Nyore, Olunyore) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE34 | lsm | Saamia (Samia, Lusaamia), Bagwe, Gwe (Lugwe), Songa (JE343) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE341 | lko | Khayo (Xaayo) | Kanyoro 1983; Marlo 2008 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE342 | lri | Marachi (Lumarachi) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE30: Masaba-Luhya group | JE35 | nuj | Nyole (Lunyole, Nyule, Nyuli), Hadyo (Luhadyo), Sabi (Lusabi), Wesa (Luwesa) | Schadeberg 1989; Morris 1963 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE401 | ngq | Ngurimi (Dengurume, Ikingurimi, Kingereme, Kingoreme, Ngoreme) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE402, 404 | ikz | Ikizu (JE402, Ikiikiizu, Ikikizo, Ikikizu), Shashi (JE404, Ikishashi, Kishashi) | Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE403 | sxb | Suba (Egisuba, Luo Abasuba) | Rottland 1993 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE405 | cwa | Kabwa (Kikabhwa, Kikabwa) | Walker 2013; Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam 2009 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE406–7 | sgm | Singa (E406, Lusinga), Cula (Chula), Ware (E407) | Hobley 1902 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE41 | rag | Logooli (Llogoori, Logoli, Lugooli, Luragoli, Maragoli, Maragooli, Ragoli, Uluragooli) | Wagner and Mair 1970 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE411–3 | ida | Idakho (JE411, Itakho), Isukha (JE412, Isuxa, Lwisukha), Tiriki (JE413, Tirichi) | Kanyoro 1983 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE42 | guz | Gusii (Ekegusii, Guzii, Kisii), Kosova | Cammenga 2002: 17-33 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE43 | kuj | Kuria (Egikuria, Ekikuria, Gikuria, Igikuria, Ikikuria, Kikuria Cha Juu, Kikuria Cha Mashariki, Kikuria, Koria, Kulia) 43 | Schoenbrun 1994; Cammenga 2004 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE431–4 | ssc | Hacha (JE432, Haacha, Kihacha), Ikisimbete (IkiSimbete), Iryege (Iregi, Kiiryege), Kine (Kikine, Kiine), Kiroba, Kironi (Kikirone), Kiseru, Kisimbiti, Kisingiri, Rieri (Ryeri), Simbiti (JE431, Suba-Simbiti) Surwa (JE433, Kisurwa), Sweta (JE434, Kisweta) | Kihore 2000; Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE44 | zak | Zanaki (Ekizanaki, Ikizanaki, Ilizanaki, Kizanaki) | Walker 2013; Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE45 | ntk | Ikoma (Koma, Kiikoma), Isenye (Issenye, Isenyi, Kiisenye), Nata (Ekinata, Natta, Kinatta, Kinata, Ikinata) | Walker 2013; Schoenbrun 1994 |
| JE40: Logooli-Kuria group | JE46 | see under E40 | ||
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K11 | cjk | Chokwe (Batshokwe, Ciokwe, Kioko, Kiokwe, Quioca, Quioco, Shioko, Tschiokloe, Tshokwe) | Vansina 2004 |
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K12a | lum | Lwimbi (Chiluimbi, Luimbe, Luimbi, Lwimbe) | Jaspert and Jaspert 1930 |
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K12b | nba | Gangela (Ganguela, Ganguella, Ngangela) Nyemba (Nhemba) | Fleisch 2009; Maniacky 2003 |
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K13 | lch | Lucazi (Chiluchazi, Luchazi, Lujash, Lujazi, Lutchaz, Lutshase, Luxage) | Fleisch 2009 |
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K14 | lue | Lwena (Luena), Luvale (Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Luvale) | Papstein 1978; Horton 1949 |
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K15 | mck | Mbuunda (Chimbunda, Mbunda) | McCulloch 1951; Fleisch 2009; Papstein 1994 |
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K16 | nye | Nyengo (Nhengo, Nyenko) | Fortune 1963 |
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K17 | mfu | Mbwela (Ambuela, Ambuella, Ambwela, Mbuela, Mbwera, Shimbwera) | Fleisch 2009; Bostoen 2007; McCulloch 1951; Maniacky 2003 |
| K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group | K18 | nkn | Nkangala (Cangala, Ngangala) | Maniacky 2003 |
| K20: Lozi group | K21 | loz | Lozi (Silozi), “Sikololo,” “Kolololo” | Fortune 2001; Jalla 1917; Burger 1960 |
| K30: Luyana group | K31 | lyn | Luyana (Ca-Luiana, Esiluyana, Louyi, Lui, Rouyi), Kwandi (K371), Kwangwa (K37) | Lisimba 1982; Fortune 1963 |
| K30: Luyana group | K32 | mxo | Mbowe (Esimbowe), Liyuwa (K322), Liyuwa | Lisimba 1982; Fortune 1963 |
| K30: Luyana group | K33 | kwn | Kwangali (Kwangare, Kwangari, Rukwangali, Rukwangari, Sikwangali) | Möhlig 1997 |
| K30: Luyana group | K331, 332, 334 | diu | Dciriku (K332, Gciriku, Diriku), Sambyu (K331), Rumanyo (K334, Manyo) | Möhlig 2007 |
| K30: Luyana group | K333 | mhw | Mbukushu (Thimbukushu) | Möhlig 1997; Larson 1981 |
| K30: Luyana group | K34 | mho | Mashi (Masi), Kwandu | Laranjo Medeiros 1981; Lisimba 1982 |
| K30: Luyana group | K35 | sie | Simaa, Mulonga (K351), Mbume (K321, Mbumi), Imilangu (K354), Mwenyi (K352) | Bostoen 2007; Fortune 1963; Lisimba 1982 |
| K30: Luyana group | K36 | - | Shanjo | de Luna 2008; Bostoen 2009 |
| K40: Subiya-Totela group | K402 | fwe | Fwe | Bostoen 2009; Seidel 2005; de Luna 2008; Pretorius 1975 |
| K40: Subiya-Totela group | K41 | ttl | Totela (Echitotela), Totela of Namibia (K411) | Seidel 2005; Crane 2011; de Luna 2008 |
| K40: Subiya-Totela group | K42, | sbs | Subiya (Echisubia, Subia), Ikuhane (Chikuahane, | Seidel 2005; Ohly 1994 |
| K40: Subiya-Totela group | K401 | sbs | Chikwahane, Ciikuhane, Ikuhane, Mbalangwe (K401, Mbalanwe) | de Luna 2008 |
| L10: Pende group | L11 | pem | Pende (Bapende, Gipende, Giphende, Kipende, Pheende, Phende) | Weeckx 1938; Torday and Joyce 1922; Bittremieux 1939 |
| L10: Pende group | L12b | hol | Holo (Holu, Kiholo, Kiholu), Yeci | Boone 1973; Atkins 1955 |
| L10: Pende group | L13 | kws | Kwese (Gikwezo, Kikwese, Kwezo, Ukwese) | Boone 1973; Forges 1983; Torday and Joyce 1907 |
| L20: Songe group | L201 | - | Budya (L201), Yazi (L202) | |
| L20: Songe group | L21 | kcv | Kete (Lu-Kete, Lukete, Ciket), East Kete (L21A), North Kete (L21B, Kete-Kuba), Kete-Lulua (L21C, South-West Kete) | Kamba Muzenga 1980: 3-4; Maes 1934; Boone 1973 |
| L20: Songe group | L221 | lwa | Lwalwa (Lwalu) | Boone 1973; Timmermans 1967; Bastin et al. 1999 |
| L20: Songe group | L23 | sop | Songe (Basonge, Kisonge, Kisongi, Kisongye, Luba-Songi, Lusonge), East Songye, North Songye (Ikaleebwe), South Songye, Beelandé 45 | van Overbergh 1908; Stappers 1964: 3; Torday and Joyce 1922 |
| L20: Songe group | L22/L231 | bpj | Mbagani, Binji (Bindji, Babindji) | van Coillie 1949; Bastin et al.1999: 21 |
| L20: Songe group | L24 | luj | Luna-Inkongo, Northern Luba | Westcott no date |
| L30: Luba group | L31 | lua | Luba-Lulua, Luba-Kasai (L31a, Tshiluba, Ciluba), West Luba (L31b, Lulua, Luluwa, Bena-Lulua) | de Clercq 1903: i-vi |
| L30: Luba group | L32 | kny | Kanioka, Kanyok, Kanyoka | de Clercq 1900; Stappers 1986: xiv-xv |
| L30: Luba group | L33 | lub | Luba-Katanga, Kiluba, East Luba, Luba-Shaba | Verhulpen 1936a |
| L30: Luba group | L34 | hem | Hemba (Kiemba, Kihemba), Yazi (L202), Zela (K331, Kizela, Kimbote, Mbote), Eastern Luba, Luba-Hemba, Kebwe (L301) | Vandermeiren 1912; Bastin et al. 1999; van Bulck 1948; Kabange Mukala 2005 |
| L30: Luba group | L35 | sng | Sanga (Kisanga), Garengaze (Garenganze), South Luba, Luba-Sanga | Clarke 1911 |
| L40: Kaonde group | L41 | kqn | Kaonde (Chikahonde, Chikaonde, Kahonde, Kawonde,Luba Kaonde), Solwezi, Kasempa | Kashoki and Mann 1978 |
| L50: Lunda group | L51 | slx | Salampasu (Basala Mpasu, Chisalampasu), Luntu (L511, Luuntu, Bakwa Luntu) | Maes 1934; Denolf 1954 |
| L50: Lunda group | L52 | lun | Lunda (Balunda, Chilunda, Southern Lunda), Ndembu | McCulloch 1951; Kawasha 2003 |
| L50: Lunda group | L53 | rnd | Ruund (Ruwund, Chiluwunda, Lunda Kambove, Lunda-Kamboro, Luunda, Luwunda, Northern Lunda), Kanincin | Stappers 1954; Nash 1992 |
| L60: Nkoya group | L60–62 | nka | Nkoya (L62), Mbwela (L61, Mbwera, Mbowera), Kolwe (L601, Lukolwe), Lushangi (L602, Lushange), Shasha (L603, Mashasha), Mbowela (Mbwera, Shimbwera, Mbwela), Nkoya, Shasha, Shinkoya | Simwinga 2006; Gluckman 1951; McCulloch 1951: 93-101 |
| M10: Fipa-Mambwe group | M11 | piw | Pimbwe (Cipimbwe, Ichipimbwe, Icipimbwe, Kipimbwe) | Abe 2011; Chomba 1975; Maurice 1938 |
| M10: Fipa-Mambwe group | M12 | rnw | Rungwa (Ichirungwa, Icilungwa, Kirungwa, Lungwa, Nyalungwa, Runga) | Walsh and Swilla 2001 |
| M10: Fipa-Mambwe group | M13 | fip | Fipa (Fiba, Cifipa), Fipa-Sukuma (M13A), South Fipa (M13B), Kandaasi (M13C), Siiwa (M13D), Nkwaamba (M13E), Kwa (M13F), Kwaafi (M13G), Ntile (N13H, Cile, “Yantili”), Kuulwe (M131), Peemba (M13I) | Walsh and Swilla 2001; Willis 1966 |
| M10: Fipa-Mambwe group | M14/15 | mgr | Lungu (M14, Rungu), Mambwe (M14) | Walsh and Swilla 2001 |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M201 | lai | Lambya (Rambya), North Lambya (M201A), Central Lambya (M201B), South Lambya (M201C) | Walsh and Swilla 2001 |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M21 | wbh | Wanda (Wandia), Sichela | Walsh and Swilla 2001; Lindfors et al. 2009b |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M22 | mwn | Inamwanga (Ichinamwanga, Namwanga, Nyamwanga), Iwa (M26), Tambo (M27, Tembo) | Walsh and Swilla 2001 |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M23A | nkt | West Nyika, Nyika of Sumbawanga | Lindfors et al. 2009a |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M23B | nih | Central Nyiha, Nyiha of Mbozi | Lindfors et al. 2009a |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M23C | nyr | East Nyika, Nyika of Rungwe Lindfors et al. 2009a Walsh and Swilla 2001 | |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M23D | nkv | South Nyiha | Lindfors et al. 2009a; Walsh and Swilla 2001 |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M24 | mgq | Malila (Ishimalilia, Kimalila, Malela, Malilia) | Walsh and Swilla 2001 |
| M20: Nyiha-Safwa group | M25 | sbk | Safwa, Safwa of Mbeya (M25A), Mbwila (M25B, Uleenje), Soongwe (M25C), Polooto (M25D, Poroto), Guruka (M25E) | Walsh and Swilla 2001; Msanjila 2004 |
| M30: Nyakyusa-Ngonde group | M301 | ndh | Ndali (Chindali), Sukwa (Chisukwa) | Botne 2008; Kershner 2002 |
| M30: Nyakyusa-Ngonde group | M31 | nyy | Nyakyusa-Ngonde, Nyakyusa (M31A, Nyekyosa, Iki-Nyikusa), Kukwe (M31B, Ngumba), Mwamba (M31C, Lugulu, “Sokelo”), Ngonde (M31D), Selya (M31E, Kaaselya), Penja (M302) | Walsh and Swilla 2001 |
| M40: Bemba group | M401 | bwc | Bwile | Brelsford 1956; Bastin et al. 1999 |
| M40: Bemba group | M402 | auh | Aushi (Avaushi, Ushi, Usi, Uzhil, Vouaousi) | Doke 1933; Whiteley 1950 |
| M40: Bemba group | M41 | tap | Tabwa (Taabua, Taabwa, Ichitaabwa), Shila | Whiteley 1950 |
| M40: Bemba group | M41 | bem | Bemba (Icibemba, Wemba) | Whiteley 1950; Kashoki and Mann 1978 |
| M50 | M51–52 | leb | Lala-Bisa, Bisa (M51, Wisa), Lala (M52, Ichilala), Ambo (M521), Unga, Twa of Bangweulu, Luano (M522) | Brelsford 1946; Whiteley 1950; von Rosen 1916 |
| M50 | M54 | lam | Lamba, Swaka (M53), Lima (M541, Bulima), Temba (M542) | Doke 1922; Whiteley 1950; Brelsford 1956; Bastin et al. 1999: 219 |
| M50 | M55 | kdg | Seba, Shishi | Whiteley 1950 |
| M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group | M61 | leh | Lenje (Chilenje, Lengi, Lenji), Batwa of the Lukanga (M611), Ciina (Chinamukuni, Ciina Mukuni, Mukuni) | Shekleton 1908; de Luna 2008 |
| M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group | M62 | sby | Soli (Chisoli) | de Luna 2008 |
| M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group | M63 | ilb | Ila (Chiila [E18), Batwa of the Kafue (M633), Lundwe (M632) | Smith 1907; de Luna 2008; Doke 1928; Torrend 1931 |
| M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group | M631 | shq | Sala (M631) | de Luna 2008 |
| M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group | M64 | toi | Tonga (Chitonga, Tonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe), Ndawe, Plateau Tonga, Valley Tonga, We-Zambezi [E18] | de Luna 2008; Hachipola 1991 |
| M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group | M651–652 | dov | Toka (M651), Leya (M652, Reya), “Dombe” | Hachipola 1998; de Luna 2008 |
| N10: Manda group | N101 | dne | Ndendeule (Kidendauli, Kindendeule, Kindendeuli, Ndendeuli) | Nurse 1988; Booth 1905 |
| N10: Manda group | N102 | nxi | Nindi (Kinindi, Manundi) | Maho and Sands 2004; Booth 1905 |
| N10: Manda group | N11 | mgs | Manda (Kimanda), Matumba | Fülleborn 1906; Nurse 1988 |
| N10: Manda group | N12 | ngo | Ngoni of Tanzania (Angoni, Chingoni, Kingoni), Kisutu | Spiss 1904; Ebner 1955; Miti 1996 |
| N10: Manda group | N13 | mgv | Matengo (Chimatengo, Ki-Matengo, Kimatengo) | Yoneda 2000; Nurse 1988 |
| N10: Manda group | N14 | mpa | Mpoto (Chimpoto, Cimpoto, Kimpoto, Mpoto) | Nurse 1988 |
| N10: Manda group | N15 | tog | Tonga (Chitonga), Tonga of Malawi, Siska, Sisya | Turner 1952; Young 1933; Turner 1952 |
| N20: Tumbuka group | N21 | tum | Tumbuka (N21a, Chitumbuka, Citumbuka), Poka (N21b, Chipoka, Phoka), Kamanga (N21b, Nkhamanga, Henga, Ci-Henga), Senga (N21d, Senga in the Luangwa Valley in the Lundazi District), Yombe (N21e), Fungwe (N21f), Wenya (N21g) | Young 1923; Brelsford 1956 |
| N30: Chewa-Nyanja group | N31 | nya/mjh | Chewa-Nyanja, Nyanja (N31a, Chinyanja), Chewa (N31b, Achewa, Cewa), Manganja (N31c, South Nyanja), Mozambique Nyasa (N31D, Nyasa-Cewa), Maravi (Malawi), Peta, Mwera of Mbamba Bay(N201)27 | Stigand 1909; of Malawi 2006; of Malawi 2009 |
| N40: Senga-Sena group | N41 | nse | Nsenga (Cinsenga, Chinsenga, Nsenga on the lower Luangwa in the Petauke-Lusaka-Feira districts), Kunda of Mambwe district | Miti 2004; Brelsford 1956 |
| N40: Senga-Sena group | N42 | kdn | Kunda (Achikunda, Chikunda, Cikunda) | Hachipola 1998; Brelsford 1956 |
| N40: Senga-Sena group | N43 | nyu | Nyungwe (Chinyungwe, Chinyungwi, Cinyungwe, Nyongwe, Yungwe), Tete (Tetense, Teta), Pimbi (Phimbi, Pimbe) | van der Mohl 1904 |
| N40: Senga-Sena group | N44 | seh | Sena (Chisena, Cisena, Mocambique Sena), Podzo (N46, Ci-Podzo, Phodzo, Shiputhsu, Chipodzo, Puthsu) | van der Mohl 1904 |
| N40: Senga-Sena group | N441 | swk | Sena (Chisena, Cisena, Malawi Sena) | Funnell 2004 |
| N40: Senga-Sena group | N45 | bwg | Rue (Barwe, Chirue), Balke (Cibalke) | Macalane 2000; Mangoya 2012; Hachipola 1998 |
| P10: Matuumbi group | P11/12 | ndg/rui | Ndengereko (Kindengereko, Kingengereko, Ndengeleko), Rufiji (Kirufiji) | Ström 2013 |
| P10: Matuumbi group | P13 | mgw | Matuumbi (Kimatumbi, Kimatuumbi, Matumbi) | Nurse 1988 |
| P10: Matuumbi group | P14 | nnq | Ngindo (Ci-Ngindo, Cingindo, Gindo, Kingindo, Njindo, Njinjo) | Cross-Upcott 1956; Nurse 1988 |
| P10: Matuumbi group | P15 | mgy | Mbunga (Bunga, Kimbunga) | Nurse 1988 |
| P20: Yao group | P21 | yao | Yao (Chiyao, Ciyao, Djao, Jao) | Whiteley 1966: xiii-xv |
| P20: Yao group | P22 | mwe | Mwera (Cimwela, Cimwera, Kimwera, Mwela) | Harries 1950 |
| P20: Yao group | P23/P24 | kde/njd | Makonde (Simakonde, Chimakonde, Chinimakonde, Kimakonde, Konde, Makonde), “Mavia” (P25, Mávia, Maviha, Cimabiha, Mabiha, Kimawiha, Mawia, Chimaviha, Mawiha), Maraba (Chimaraba), Tambwe (Matambe, Matambwe, Chimatambwe), Chinnima, Ndonde (Chindonde) | Kraal 2005: 1-7 |
| P20: Yao group | P23 | mvw | Machinga | Steere 1876 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31A,E | vmw | Central-Makhuwa, Makhuwa Enahara (P31E), Nampula | Kröger 2005; Prata 1960 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31B,G | mgh | Meetto (Metto), Makhuwa-Meetto, Masasi, Ruvuma Makhuwa, Imithupi, Ikorovere | Kröger 2005; Prata 1960 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31C | vmk | Chirima (Shirima) | Kröger 2005; Prata 1960 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31C | kzn | Kokola | Shrum and Shrum 2001 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31C | llb | Lolo | Reiman 2002; Shrum and Shrum 2001; Vinton and Vinton 2001 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31C | mny | Manyawa | Reiman 2002; Shrum and Shrum 2001; Vinton and Vinton 2001 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31C | vmr | Marenje (Emarendje, Marendje, Marenji) | Shrum and Shrum 2001; Reiman 2002 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31C | tke | Takwane (Thakwani) | Shrum and Shrum 2001; Reiman 2002 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31D | xmc | Marrevone (Marevone), Nampamela | Prata 1960; Kröger 2005 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P31F | xsq | Esaka (Esaaka, Saaka, Saanga, Saka, Sanga) | Katupha 1991 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P311 | eko | Koti (Ekoti, Coti), “Angoje” | Schadeberg and Mucanheia 2000; Lyndon and Lyndon 2007 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P312 | nte | Sakati (Sangaji, Esakaji), Enatthembo | Prata 1960; Lyndon and Lyndon 2007 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P32 | ngl | Lomwe (Ilomwe, Lomue), Western Makua | Prata 1960 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P33,331 | lon | Malawi Lomwe, Nguru (Ngulu, Anguru), Mihavane | Kayambazinthu 2004 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P34 | chw | Central Chuwabo (Chichwabo, Chuabo, Chuwabo, Chuwabu, Txuwabo, Chwabo, Cuabo, Cuwabo, Echuabo), Quellimane | Vinton and Vinton 2001 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P34 | cwb | Maindo, Badoni, Mitange | Vinton and Vinton 2001 |
| P30: Makhuwa group | P341 | mhm | Moniga (Emakhuwa-Emoniga, Emoniga) | Kröger 2005 |
| R10: Umbundu group | R11 | umb | Umbundu (M’bundo), Bailoundou (Mbalundu), Bihe, Hanya, Nano, Ovimbundu, South Mbundu, Mbali (R103, Kimbari, Olumbali30) | Hambly 1934; Jaspert and Jaspert 1930; Lopes Cardoso 1966 |
| R10: Umbundu group | R12 | ndq | Ndombe (Dombe, Bandombe, Mondome) | Ferreira Diniz 1918 |
| R10: Umbundu group | R13 | nyk | Nyaneka (Nhaneca, Lunyaneka), Mwila (Olumuila, Huila, Muila), Ngambwe (Olungambwe) | Lang and Tastevin 1937 |
| R10: Umbundu group | R14 | khu | Khumbi (Lun’cumbi, Lunkumbi, Ngumbi, Nkhumbi, Nkumbi), Ndongwena (R215), Kwankwa (R216) | Estermann 1979; Nogueira 1885; Lusakalalu 2001 |
| R20: Wambo group | R21 | kua | Kwanyama (Kuanyama), Kafima (R211), Evale (R212), Northeastern Wambo | Baucom 1972 |
| R20: Wambo group | R214 | lnb | Mbalanhu, Dombondola (R217), Mbandja (R213, Mbadja), Esinga (R218) | Fourie 1997; Baucom 1972 |
| R20: Wambo group | R22 | ndo | Ndonga (Oshindonga), South-Eastern Wambo | Baucom 1972 |
| R20: Wambo group | R23 | kwm | Kwambi, South-Central Wambo | Baucom 1972 |
| R20: Wambo group | R24 | nne | Ngandjera (Ngandyera), Kwaluudhi (R241), Kolonkhadi (R242), Eunda (R242, Oshiunda) | Baucom 1972 |
| R30: Herero group | R101 | olu | Kuvale (Kuroka), Kwisi (R102) | Jordan 2015 |
| R30: Herero group | R31A,B,R312 | her | Herero (Otjiherero), Central Herero (R31A), Mbandieru (R31B, Mbanderu, East Herero), Botswana Herero (R312, Mahalapye Herero) | Andersson and Janson 1997; Möhlig 2009 |
| R30: Herero group | R311 | dhm | North-West Herero, Kaokoland Herero, Dhimba (Zemba, Zimba), Tjimba Herero, Tjimba-Tjimba, Himba | Kunkel and Cameron 2002; Malan 1974 |
| R40: Yeyi group | R41A,B | yey | Yei (Yeyi, Shiyei), “Kuba,” Bayeye, Ciyei, East Caprivi Yeyi (R41A), Ngamiland Yeyi (R41B) | Larson 1992; Seidel 2008 |
| S10: Shona group | S11 | twl | Shona, Korekore, Tavara (Tawala), Shangwe, Budya, Gova | Doke 1931 |
| S10: Shona group | S12, S14 | sna | Shona, Zezuru (S12, Shawasha, Harava, Hera), Karanga (S14, Duma, Govera, Jena, Nyubi) | Doke 1931 |
| S10: Shona group | S13 | mxc | Manyika (Bamanyeka, Chimanyika), Bocha (Boka), Guta, Jindwi, Hungwe | Doke 1931; Fortune 2004 |
| S10: Shona group | S13 | twx | Tewe (Teve), Chiute (Ciute, Ciutee) | Fortune 2004; Doke 1931 |
| S10: Shona group | S15 | ndc | Ndau (Chindau, “Sofala”), Garwe, Danda, Shanga, Xinyai | Mkanganwi 1972; Doke 1931 |
| S10: Shona group | S16A,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L | kck | Kalanga (Ikalanga, West Shona), Lilima (S16C, S16K, Humba, Humbe, Limima, Peri), Nyai (S16D, Abanyai, Banyai, Rozvi, Wanyai), Lemba (S16E, Remba), Lembethu (S16F, Rembethu), Twamamba (S16G, Xwamamba), Pfumbi (S16H), Jawunda (S16I), Romwe (S16J), Talahundra (S16L) | Wentzel 1983; Doke 1931 |
| S10: Shona group | S16B | nmq | Nambya (Nambzva) | Hachipola 1998; Borland 1984 |
| S10: Shona group | - | dmx | Dema | Hachipola 1998 |
| S20: Venda group | S21 | ven | Venda (Central Venda), Phani (S21A), Ilafuri (S21B, West Venda),Manda (S21C, Central Venda), Mbedzi (S21D, East Venda),Tavhatsindi (S21E), Ronga (S21F, South-East Venda) | Mulaudzi 2010 |
| S30: Sotho-Tswana group | S31 | tsn | Tswana (Setswana, Sechwana), Central Tswana (S31a, Rolong, Ngwaketse), East Tswana (S31b, Kgatla, Tlokwa), North Tswana (S31c, Tawana, Ngwato, Kwena), South Tswana (S31E, Thlaping, Thlaro) | Malepe 1966; Schapera 1952 |
| S30: Sotho-Tswana group | S311 (= S31d) | xkv | Kgalagadi (Kgalagarhi, Kgalagari, Qhalaxarzi) | Kalasi 2003; Krüger and de Plessis 1977 |
| S30: Sotho-Tswana group | S32 | nso | Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa), Pedi (S32a, Sepedi, Masemola, Tau, Komi, Transvaal Sotho), Lobedu (S32b, Kgaga), Gananwa (S32C, Xananwa, Hananwa), Kopa (S32D, Ndebele-Sotho), Eastern Sotho (Kutswe S302, Pai S303, Pulana S304), Phalaborwa (S301) | Doke 1954; Ziervogel 1954 |
| S30: Sotho-Tswana group | S32E | brl | Birwa (S32E, Sebirwa, Virwa) | Batibo 1998; Andersson and Janson 1997: 41-42 |
| S30: Sotho-Tswana group | S32F | two | Tswapong (Setswapong) | van Wyk 1969; Batibo 1998 |
| S30: Sotho-Tswana group | S33 | sot | Southern Sotho (Sesotho, Sisutho) | Jacottet 1927: i-xiii |
| S40: Nguni group | S407 | nbl | South Ndebele (Isindebele, Nrebele), Ndzundza (Isindundza), Southern South African Ndebele, Southern Transvaal Ndebele | Skhosana 2009 |
| S40: Nguni group | S408 | - | Northern Transvaal Ndebele, Mbo, Moledlhana, Langa, Lidwaba, Sumayela Ndebele, Northern South African Ndebele | Ziervogel 1959 |
| S40: Nguni group | S41 | xho | Xhosa (Isixhosa, “Kaffir”), Mpondo (S41A, Pondo), Xesibe (S41B), Bomwana (S41C), Gaika (S41D), Gcaleka (S41E), Thembu (S41F), Mpondomise (S41G), Ndlambe (S41H), Hlubi (S403), Hlubi-Ciskei (S41I) | Mzamane 1962; Cantrell 1946; Ownby 1985 |
| S40: Nguni group | S42 | zul | Zulu (Isizulu), KwaZulu-Natal Zulu (S42A), Transvall Zulu (S42B), Qwabe (S42C), Cele (S42D), Ngoni of Malawi (N121), Bhaca (S402, Baca), Lala, Ingwavuma, Lala (S406, North Lala, South Lala), Old Mfengu (S401, Fingo) | Ownby 1985; van Dyk 1960; Miti 1996 |
| S40: Nguni group | S43 | ssw | Swati (Swazi, Siswati), Ngwane, Nhlangwini (S405), Phuthi (S404) | Ownby 1985; Mzamane 1948 |
| S40: Nguni group | S44 | nde | Ndebele of Zimbabwe (Sindebele, Ndebele, Tebele) | Ownby 1985 |
| S50: Tswa-Rhonga group | S51 | tsc | Tswa (Xitswa), Dzibi (S51A), Dzonga (S51B), Hlengwe (S511, Khambana-Makwakwe, Khambani, Lengwe, Lhengwe, Makwakwe-Khambana, Shilengwe) | Persson 1932 |
| S50: Tswa-Rhonga group | S52/53 | tso | Tsonga (Songa, Thonga, Tonga, Tsonga), Changana (Xichangana, Shangaan, Shangana), Xiluleke (S53A, Mhinga, Makuleke), N’walungu (S53B, Shingwalungu), Hlave (S53C), Nkuna (S53D), Gwamba (S53E (=S52), Gwapa), Nhlanganu (S53F, Shihlanganu), Djonga (S53G, Jonga), Bila (S53H) | Baumbach 1970 |
| S50: Tswa-Rhonga group | S54 | rng | Ronga (Gironga, Shironga), Landim (Landina), Konde, Xonga | Baumbach 1970 |
| S60: Copi group | S61 | cce | Copi (Chopi, Cicopi, Shichopi, Txopi), Lenge (S611, Xilenge, Lengue, Kilenge) | Bailey 1976; Lanham 1955 |
| S60: Copi group | S62 | toh | Tonga (Gitonga), Shengwe |
See also
[edit]- Bantu languages
- Guthrie classification of Bantu languages
- Classification of Pygmy languages
- List of endangered languages in Africa
References
[edit]- ^ Hammarström, Harald (2019). An inventory of Bantu languages. In: Mark Van de Velde, Koen Bostoen, Derek Nurse, and Gérard Philippson eds.). The Bantu languages, 17-78. ISBN 9781138799677.
External links
[edit]- Guthrie's 1948 classification, in detail, with each language numbered
- Maho 2009. Guthrie 1971, in detail, with subsequent additions, corrections, and corresponding ISO codes as of Ethnologue 15. Coding conventions are explained in Nurse & Philippson (2003). They are (with invented examples):
- A capital letter is added for an additional dialect of an existing language. That is, A15C would be a dialect of language A15 in addition to Guthrie's dialects A15a and A15b.
- A third digit is added for an additional language. If its closest relative can be identified, the digit is added to that code. That is, A151 would be a non-Guthrie language closest to Guthrie's A15.
- If a close relative has not been identified, the digit is added to the decade code. That is, A101 would be a language geographically in group A10, but not particularly close to any of Guthrie's A10 languages, or not known well enough to further classify.
- Pidgins and creoles are indicated by adding a capital letter to the decade code. That is, A10A would be a pidgin or creole based on a language in group A10.