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Clade of crocodilians
Longirostres is a clade of crocodilians that includes the crocodiles and the gavialids , to the exclusion of the alligatoroids . Defined in 2003 by Harshman et al. , Longirostres is a crown group defined phylogenetically as including the last common ancestor of Crocodylus niloticus Gavialis gangeticus [ 1]
Traditionally, crocodiles and alligators were considered more closely related and grouped together in the clade Brevirostres , to the exclusion of the gharials . This classification was based on morphological studies primarily focused on analyzing skeletal traits of living and extinct fossil species.[ 2] DNA sequencing have rejected Brevirostres upon finding the crocodiles and gavialids to be more closely related than the alligators.[ 1] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6]
Below is a cladogram showing the relationships of the major crocodilian groups based on molecular studies:[ 5] [ 6]
^ a b Harshman, J.; Huddleston, C. J.; Bollback, J. P.; Parsons, T. J.; Braun, M. J. (2003). "True and false gharials: A nuclear gene phylogeny of crocodylia" (PDF) . Systematic Biology . 52 (3): 386–402. doi :10.1080/10635150309323 PMID 12775527 . ^ Holliday, Casey M.; Gardner, Nicholas M. (2012). Farke, Andrew A (ed.). "A new eusuchian crocodyliform with novel cranial integument and its significance for the origin and evolution of Crocodylia" . PLOS ONE . 7 (1): e30471. Bibcode :2012PLoSO...730471H . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0030471 PMC 3269432 PMID 22303441 . ^ Gatesy, J.; Amato, G. (2008). "The rapid accumulation of consistent molecular support for intergeneric crocodylian relationships". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (3): 1232–1237. doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.009 . PMID 18372192 . ^ Erickson, G. M.; Gignac, P. M.; Steppan, S. J.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A.; Brueggen, J. A.; Inouye, B. D.; Kledzik, D.; Webb, G. J. W. (2012). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation" . PLOS ONE . 7 (3): e31781. Bibcode :2012PLoSO...731781E . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0031781 PMC 3303775 PMID 22431965 . ^ a b Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). "Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil" . Proceedings of the Royal Society B 285 (1881). doi :10.1098/rspb.2018.1071 PMC 6030529 PMID 30051855 . ^ a b Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus" . Communications Biology . 4 (1): 505. doi :10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0 ISSN 2399-3642 . PMC 8079395 PMID 33907305 .
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