Monacha

Monacha
	Two live individuals of Monacha cartusiana on a human hand
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Infraorder:	Helicoidei
Superfamily:	Helicoidea
Family:	Hygromiidae
Genus:	Monacha; Fitzinger, 1833
Type species
	Helix cartusiana O. F. Müller, 1774;
Synonyms
	Boemica Schileyko, 1978; Carthusiana Kobelt, 1871; Carthusianana Fagot, 1893; Cemeneleana Caziot, 1908; Eutheba H. Nordsieck, 1993; Helix (Carthusiana) Kobelt, 1871; Helix (Monacha) Fitzinger, 1833; Helix (Zenobia) Gray, 1821 (subjective senior synonym of Monacha Fitzinger, 1833); Monacha (Aegaeotheba) Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017· accepted, alternate representation; Monacha (Eutheba) H. Nordsieck, 1993 (original rank); Monacha (Metatheba) P. Hesse, 1914· accepted, alternate representation; Monacha (Monacha) Fitzinger, 1833· accepted, alternate representation; Monacha (Paratheba) P. Hesse, 1914· accepted, alternate representation; Monacha (Pontotheba) Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017· accepted, alternate representation; Monacha (Rhytidotheba) Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017· accepted, alternate representation; Monacha (Szentgalya) L. Pintér, 1977; Monacha (Trichotheba) Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017· accepted, alternate representation; Olivieriana Bourguignat, 1860; Orsiniana Caziot, 1910; Paratheba P. Hesse, 1914 (unaccepted rank); Rhytidotheba Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017 (unaccepted rank); Zenobia Gray, 1821 (subjective senior synonym of Monacha Fitzinger, 1833; considered a nomen oblitum);

Monacha is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.^[2]

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Monacha includes western Europe, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Asia minor and Turkey (more than 50 species of Monacha),^[3] Georgia, Russia, Arabia, Iran, Azerbaijan (1 species).^[4] It is not in Armenia.^[4]

The greatest diversity of species is in the Pontic region.^[4]

Species

Species within the genus Monacha include:^[4]

Monacha albocincta (P. Hesse, 1912)
Monacha aniliensis P. L. Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990
Monacha ascania (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha atacis E. Gittenberger & de Winter, 1985
Monacha auturica Falkner, 2000
Monacha badia (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha bithynica (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha cantiana (Montagu, 1803)
Monacha carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855)
Monacha carinata (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774) - type species
Monacha cemenelea (Risso, 1826)
Monacha ciscaucasica (Hausdorf, 2000)^[4]
Monacha claussi (Hausdorf, 2000)^[4]
Monacha claustralis (Menke, 1828)
Monacha comata (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha compingtae (Pallary, 1929)
Monacha consona (Rossmässler, 1839)
Monacha crenophila (L. Pfeiffer, 1857)
Monacha cretica Hausdorf, 2003
Monacha crispulata (Mousson, 1861)
Monacha densecostulata (Retowski, 1886)
Monacha depressior (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha devrekensis (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha dirphica (E. von Martens, 1876)
Monacha dofleini (P. Hesse, 1928)
Monacha elatior (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha eliae (Nägele, 1906)
Monacha emigrata (Westerlund, 1894)
Monacha euboeica (Kobelt, 1877)
Monacha frequens (Mousson, 1859)
Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)^[5]
Monacha galatica (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha gemina (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha georgievi (Pall-Gergely, 2010)^[6]
Monacha glareosa (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler, 1839)
Monacha hamsikoeyensis (Hudec, 1973)
Monacha haussknechti (O. Boettger, 1886)
Monacha hemitricha (P. Hesse, 1914)
Monacha heteromorpha (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha ignorata (O. Boettger, 1905)
Monacha kuznetsovi (Hausdorf, 2000)^[4]
Monacha lamalouensis (Reynès, 1870)
Monacha laxa (Hudec, 1973)
Monacha leucozona (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha liebegottae (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha maasseni Hausdorf, 2003
Monacha magna (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha margarita (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha martensiana (Tiberi, 1869)
Monacha melitensis (P. Hesse, 1915)
Monacha menkhorsti (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha merssinae (Mousson, 1874)
Monacha microtricha S. H. F. Jaeckel, 1954
Monacha nordsiecki (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha obstructa (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
Monacha ocellata (Roth, 1839)
Monacha oecali Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely, 2009^[7]
Monacha orsini (Porro, 1841)
Monacha oshanovae I. Pintér & L. Pintér, 1970
Monacha ovularis (Bourguignat, 1855)
Monacha pamphylica (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879)
Monacha parumcincta (Menke, 1828)
Monacha perfrequens (Hesse, 1914)
Monacha pharmacia (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha phazimonitica (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha pseudorothii Hausdorf, 2003
Monacha pusilla (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha riedeli (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha rizzae (Aradas, 1844)
Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914)
Monacha rothii (L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
Monacha samsunensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1868)
Monacha saninensis (Pallary, 1939)
Monacha sedissana (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha solidior (Mousson, 1863)
Monacha spiroxia spiroxia (Bourguignat, 1868)
Monacha spiroxia atik (Schutt, 2001)
Monacha stipulifera (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha subaii (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha subcarthusiana (Lindholm, 1913)
Monacha syriaca (Ehrenberg, 1831)
Monacha terebrata (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha tibarenica Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017
Monacha venusta (L. Pinter, 1968)

The species Ashfordiana granulata (Alder, 1830) is often also grouped under the genus Monacha.

Taxon inquirendum

Monacha talischana (E. von Martens, 1880)

Synonyms

Monacha beieri Klemm, 1962: synonym of Monacha haussknechti (O. Boettger, 1886) (junior synonym)
Monacha fallax A. J. Wagner, 1914: synonym of Monachoides fallax (A. J. Wagner, 1914) (original combination)
Monacha ruffoi Giusti, 1973: synonym of Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879) (junior synonym)
Monacha tschegemica Schileyko, 1988: synonym of Paratheba roseni (Hesse, 1914): synonym of Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914) (junior synonym)

References

^ Fitzinger L. I. (1833). "Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben". Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreich's unter der Enns 3: 88-122. Wien.
^ ^a ^b MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monacha Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426406 on 2021-08-12
^ Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae)". Arch. Molluskenk. 128: 61-151.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in the Western Caucasus (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". Journal of Natural History 34(8): 1575-1594. PDF Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine. doi:10.1080/00222930050117495.
^ "Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
^ Páll-Gergely B. (2010). "New and little known land snails from Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Zoology in the Middle East 50: 89-94. Heidelberg. abstract.
^ Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely B. (2009). "Monacha oecali new species from southern Turkey (Gastropoda:Hygromiidae) ". Journal of Conchology 40(1): 15-18. abstract.

Pintér, L. (1977). Studien an Monacha (Gastropoda: Helicidae), I. Über die subgenerische Zugehörigkeit von Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 108: 53–55.
Nordsieck, H. (1993). Das System der paläarktischen Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 122 (Zilch-Festschrift): 1-23. Frankfurt am Main
Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017
Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A. (2018). A new genus Zenobiellina for Helix subrufescens Miller, 1822 (Hygromiidae), with description of a new congeneric species from northern Spain. Iberus. 36 (2): 133–147.

External links

[1] Fitzinger L. I. (1833). "Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben". Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreich's unter der Enns 3: 88-122. Wien.

[WoRMS-2] MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monacha Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426406 on 2021-08-12

[3] Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae)". Arch. Molluskenk. 128: 61-151.

[Hausdorf_2000-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in the Western Caucasus (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". Journal of Natural History 34(8): 1575-1594. PDF Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine. doi:10.1080/00222930050117495.

[GBIF-5] "Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 27 October 2021.

[6] Páll-Gergely B. (2010). "New and little known land snails from Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Zoology in the Middle East 50: 89-94. Heidelberg. abstract.

[7] Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely B. (2009). "Monacha oecali new species from southern Turkey (Gastropoda:Hygromiidae) ". Journal of Conchology 40(1): 15-18. abstract.

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