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Naolan language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Naolan
Native toMexico
Regionnear Tula, Tamaulipas
Extinctc. 1950
unclassified
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottolognaol1234
The location of Naolan in Tamaulipas state

Naolan is an extinct language that was spoken a five-hour walk away from Tula, Tamaulipas in northeast Mexico. It is only known from 48 words and several phrases collected in the 1940s, and was nearly extinct at that time (Weitlaner 1948).[1]

Classification

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Naolán has been compared to numerous languages, but none are obviously close and there is not enough data to spot more distant relationships. Six of the words are Spanish loans, five more appear to be loans from neighboring languages, and another four are suspected loans, leaving little to work with. Campbell (1979, 1997) therefore considers it unclassified.[2]

Vocabulary

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Weitlaner's (1948) word list of Naolan is reproduced below. The words had been collected from multiple informants, who were Román Rochas, Procopio Medrano Silva, Febronio Saenz, María Hernández, and Mariano Saenz.[1]

Spanish gloss (original) English gloss (translated) Naolán
mi ojo my eye mi yuːhu; ma yoho
mi oreja my ear mi koːl; ma koːl
mis 2 orejas my 2 ears mi maːkwil; ma kwil
muchacho boy maː mušilači; mačičilače
maíz maize masúːná
tortilla tortilla ma wiːši; ma wiši
calabaza de la tierra ground squash má sá mò'ːná
calabaza de castilla Cucurbita argyrosperma ma só ná; ma sóna
maguey maguey ma namuléa; mamuléa
quiote quiote (agave stalk) ma kaːso
água miel honey ma špaːkeː; maškape
água water mi; míː
carne (de venado) meat (of deer) ma naːme; manáme
león lion, puma maː čitun makapal
coyote coyote ma boːkam; ma boːkan
zorra fox má'ː-yo
venado deer ma naːmeːl; el amel
conejo rabbit ma kuyóam; makuyón; makuyo
está una víbora chillando a rattling snake gwašnan masiːlam
lagartija lizard ma naː šiːl; manači; manaketal; malačil
araña spider granya
caballo horse ma kayo
borrega sheep (female) magalena
borrego sheep (male) ma kaleːna; makanel
balido de la borrega bleet of sheep sána ƀa wiči
cochino pig moːlan, moːlam; móːlan
gallo rooster ma kalayo; makalayo
gallina hen ma kaːšta; makašte; makasta
rata rat ma soːče; ma sóče
panal honeycomb ma tuːpil; tuːpil
panal huaricho type of honeycomb ma pajam
panal de huariche type of honeycomb ma paján

Phrases

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Naolan phrases from Weitlaner (1948):[1]

Spanish gloss (original) English gloss (translated) Naolán
Dame un cigarro. Give me a cigarette. sata čumaːƀal; saka čumál
Dame una tortilla. Give me a tortilla. tatačú mawiːši
Dame água. Give me water. tataču miː; tataču míː
Sabes chupar? Do you know how to suck? jotas noːkwil; jota nóːkil
Sí, sé chupar. Yes, I know how to suck. aːjájas noːkwil
Sí. Yes. aːj'a
Qué bonita mujer! What a beautiful woman! kwajano kane makwanso
Buenos días. Hello, greetings nyó'ːke; noike; jomene puteis; jonene puteis
Gracias, estoy bien. Thanks, I am good. jotuní wáːna
(mañana ?) (tomorrow?) aja ču (šu) wana
Cómo está tu hermana? How is your sister? jome tu nigwána
Qué pasa? How is it going? čopajo; čupájo
Mañana me voy allá al picacho. Tomorrow I will go there to the peak. kosúsameːuwampa ƀiːtóːya
? ? kačumái

References

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  1. ^ a b c Weitlaner, Roberto J.. 1948. Un Idioma Desconocido del Norte de México. In Actes du XXVIII Congrès International de Américanistes, 205-227. Paris.
  2. ^ Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509427-5.