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Novosibirsk

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Coordinates: 55°03′N 82°57′E / 55.050°N 82.950°E / 55.050; 82.950
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with New Siberia.

Novosibirsk
Новосибирск
City
Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre
Novosibirsk railway station
Novosibirsk State Circus
City Trade House
Flag
Flag
Coat of arms
Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Novosibirsk[2]
Location of Novosibirsk
Map
Novosibirsk is located in Russia
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk
Location of Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk is located in Novosibirsk Oblast
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk (Novosibirsk Oblast)
Coordinates: 55°03′N 82°57′E / 55.050°N 82.950°E / 55.050; 82.950
CountryRussia
Federal subjectNovosibirsk Oblast[1]
Founded1893[3]
City status sinceJanuary 10, 1904 [O.S. December 28, 1903][4]
Government
 • BodyCouncil of Deputies[5]
 • Head (Mayor)[5]Maxim Kudryavtsev [ru][6]
Area
[7]
 • Total
502.7 km2 (194.1 sq mi)
Elevation
[8]
153 m (502 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[9]
 • Total
1,473,754
 • Estimate 
(January 2015)[10]
1,567,087
 • Rank3rd in 2010
 • Density2,900/km2 (7,600/sq mi)
 • Capital ofNovosibirsk Oblast,[1] Novosibirsky District[11]
 • Urban okrugNovosibirsk Urban Okrug[12]
 • Capital ofCity of Novosibirsk,[13] Novosibirsky Municipal District[14]
Time zoneUTC+7 (MSK+4 Edit this on Wikidata[15])
Postal code(s)[16]
List
630000, 630001, 630003–630005, 630007–630011, 630015, 630017, 630019, 630020, 630022, 630024, 630025, 630027–630030, 630032–630037, 630039–630041, 630045–630049, 630051, 630052, 630054–630061, 630063, 630064, 630066, 630068, 630071, 630073, 630075, 630077–630080, 630082–630084, 630087–630092, 630095–630100, 630102, 630105–630112, 630114, 630116, 630117, 630119–630121, 630123, 630124, 630126, 630128, 630129, 630132, 630133, 630136, 630200, 630201, 630700, 630880, 630885, 630890, 630899–630901, 630910, 630920–630926, 630970–630978, 630980–630983, 630985, 630988, 630989, 630991–630993, 901026, 901036, 901073, 901076, 901078, 901095, 901243, 901245, 901246, 991214
Dialing code(s)+7 383[17]
OKTMO ID50701000001
City DayLast Sunday of June[18]
Websitewww.novo-sibirsk.ru

Novosibirsk[a] is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and the Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 1,633,595,[21] making it the most populous city in Siberia and the third-most populous city in Russia after Moscow and Saint Petersburg. It is also the most populous city in the Asian part of Russia. Novosibirsk is located in southwestern Siberia, on the banks of the Ob River.[22]

Novosibirsk was founded in 1893 on the Ob River crossing point of the future Trans-Siberian Railway, where the Novosibirsk Rail Bridge was constructed. Originally named Novonikolayevsk[b] ("New Nicholas") in honor of Emperor Nicholas II, the city rapidly grew into a major transport, commercial, and industrial hub. Novosibirsk was ravaged by the Russian Civil War but recovered during the early Soviet period and gained its present name, Novosibirsk ("New Siberia"), in 1926. Under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, Novosibirsk became one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Following the outbreak of World War II, the city hosted many factories relocated from the Russian core.

Novosibirsk is home to many notable places such as the neo-Byzantine Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre, as well as the Novosibirsk Zoo. It is served by Tolmachevo Airport, the busiest airport in Siberia.[23]

History

[edit]
See also: Timeline of Novosibirsk
Novonikolayevsk in 1895
St Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

Novosibirsk was founded on the right side of the Ob, near an area traditionally inhabited by Chat Tatars (Chertovo gorodishche [ru]). The Russian town originated on 30 April 1893[3] at the future site of a Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river, and in 1895 became known as Novonikolayevsk (Новониколаевск),[4] in honor both of Saint Nicholas[citation needed] and of the new reigning Tsar, Nicholas II.[24] It superseded Bolshoye Krivoshchyokovo village, located on the opposite side of the Ob, which was founded in 1696 and was resettled in 1893 due to the construction of the Novosibirsk Rail Bridge. The bridge, completed in the spring of 1897, made the new settlement a regional transport hub. The importance of the city further increased with the completion of the Turkestan–Siberia Railway in the early 20th century. The new railway connected Novonikolayevsk directly with Central Asia and the Caspian Sea.[25]

At the time of the bridge's opening, Novonikolayevsk had a population of 7,800 people. The settlement developed rapidly. Its first bank opened in 1906, and a total of five banks were operating by 1915. In 1907, Novonikolayevsk, now with a population exceeding 47,000, was granted town status with full rights for self-government. During the pre-revolutionary period, the population of Novonikolayevsk reached 80,000. The city had steady and rapid economic growth, becoming one of the largest commercial and industrial centers of Siberia. It developed a significant agricultural-processing industry,[26] as well as a power station, iron foundry, commodity market, several banks, and commercial and shipping companies. By 1917, the city had seven Orthodox churches and one Roman Catholic Church, along with several cinemas, forty primary schools, a high school, a teaching seminary, and the Romanov House non-classical secondary school. In 1913, Novonikolayevsk became one of the first places in Russia to institute compulsory primary education.[25]

The Russian Civil War of 1917–1923 took a toll on the city. Wartime epidemics, especially typhus and cholera, claimed thousands of lives. In the course of the war, the Ob River Bridge was destroyed. For the first time in the city's history, the population of Novonikolayevsk began to decline. The Soviet Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies of Novonikolayevsk took control of the city in December 1917. In May 1918, the Czechoslovak Legion rose in opposition to the revolutionary government and, together with the White Guards, captured Novonikolayevsk (26 May 1918). The Red Army took the city in 1919, retaining it throughout the rest of the Civil War.[25]

Novonikolayevsk began reconstruction in 1921 at the start of Lenin's New Economic Policy period (1921–1928). The city formed part of Tomsk Governorate and served as its administrative center from 23 December 1919 to 14 March 1920. Between 13 June 1921 and 25 May 1925, it served as the administrative center of Novonikolayevsk Governorate, which was separated from Tomsk Governorate.[27] The city received its present name on 12 September 1926,[4] -Novosibirsk, which, in the Russian language, translates roughly as "New Siberian [town]".

After the Soviet Union abolished governorates in 1929, the city served as the administrative center of the Siberian Krai until 23 July 1930, and of West Siberian Krai until 28 September 1937, when that krai was split into Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai.[28] Since then, it has served as the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast.[28]

View of the part of Student Brigades Square and the intersection of Oktyabrskaya Highway, Serebrennikovskaya Street and Oktyabrskaya Street, as seen in 2017. In the lower left-hand corner, the part of the building of the Novosibirsk Globus Theatre is visible. In the center of the picture is the building at 50 Kommunisticheskaya Street, popularly known as "Batman" and "Plug".[29]

The Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution, erected in the center of the city in 1922, became one of the chief historic sites (essentially every child had to visit the monument on school field-trips during the Soviet years). Neglect in the 1990s while other areas were redeveloped helped preserve it in the post-Soviet era.[citation needed]

During Stalin's industrialization effort, Novosibirsk secured its place as one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Several massive industrial facilities developed, including the 'Sibkombain' plant, specializing in the production of heavy mining equipment. Additionally, a metal-processing plant, a food-processing plant, and other industrial enterprises and factories were built, as well as a new power station. The great Soviet famine of 1932–33 resulted in more than 170,000 rural refugees seeking food and safety in Novosibirsk. They were settled in barracks at the outskirts of the city, giving rise to slums.[25] Reflecting international recognition of its rapid growth and industrialization, in the US media Novosibirsk was referred to as the "Chicago of Siberia".[30]

Tram rails were laid down in 1934, by which time the population had reached 287,000, making Novosibirsk the largest city in Siberia. The following year the original road bridge over the Ob River was replaced by the new Kommunalny bridge.[25]

Between 1941 and 1942, the Soviets crated up and relocated more than 50 substantial factories from western Russia to Novosibirsk in order to reduce the risk of their destruction through war, and at this time the city became a major supply base for the Red Army. During this period the city also received more than 140,000 refugees.[31]

The rapid growth of the city prompted the construction during the 1950s of a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 400 megawatts,[32] necessitating the creation of a giant water reservoir, now known as the Ob Sea. As a direct result of the station's construction, vast areas of fertile land were flooded, as were relic pine woods in the area; additionally, the new open space created by the reservoir's surface caused average wind speeds to double, increasing the rate of soil erosion.[25]

In the 1950s, the Soviet Government directed the building of a center for scientific research in Novosibirsk, and in 1957 the multi-facility scientific research complex of Akademgorodok was constructed about 30 km (19 mi) south of the city center. The Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (formerly the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union) has its headquarters in Akademgorodok, and the town hosts more than 35 research institutes and universities, among them Novosibirsk State University, one of the top Russian schools in natural sciences and mathematics. Although it possesses a fully autonomous infrastructure, Akademgorodok is administered by Novosibirsk.[citation needed]

On 2 September 1962, the population of Novosibirsk reached one million. At that time, it was the youngest city in the world with the population exceeding one million. Novosibirsk took fewer than seventy years to achieve this milestone.[33] On 8 June 1965, the city was the scene of a dramatic aerial stunt when Lieutenant Valentin Privalov flew his MiG-17 under the October Bridge; an image which purportedly showed the event was later found to be a photocollage.[34][35] In 1979, work began on the Novosibirsk Metro Transit System, culminating in the opening of the first line in 1985.[25]

On 1 August 2008, Novosibirsk was in the center of the path of a solar eclipse, with a duration of 2 minutes and 20 seconds.[36]

Administrative and municipal status

[edit]
The administrative building of Novosibirsk Oblast
See also: Novonikolayevsk Governorate

Novosibirsk is the administrative center of the oblast[1] and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Novosibirsky District,[11] even though it is not a part of it.[37] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the City of Novosibirsk[37]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[citation needed] As a municipal division, the City of Novosibirsk is incorporated as Novosibirsk Urban Okrug.[12]

City districts

[edit]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1897 8,000—    
1926 117,863+1373.3%
1939 405,297+243.9%
1959 885,045+118.4%
1970 1,160,963+31.2%
1979 1,312,480+13.1%
1989 1,436,516+9.5%
2002 1,425,508−0.8%
2010 1,473,754+3.4%
2021 1,633,595+10.8%
Source: Census data

According to the 2021 Russian census, the population of Novosibirsk is 1,633,595.[38] This is an increase compared to the 2010 census, when the population of the city was 1,473,754.[9]

People from over eighty ethnicities and nationalities reside in Novosibirsk. The largest groups are Russian, Tajik, Tatar, Uzbek, Ukrainian and Kyrgyz.[39]

Ethnic group Population Percentage
Russians 1,161,185 93.9%
Tajiks 6,502 0.5%
Tatars 6,213 0.5%
Uzbeks 5,665 0.5%
Ukrainians 5,436 0.4%
Kyrgyz 5,421 0.4%
Other 45,864 3.7%

Ecology

[edit]

Flora

[edit]

The best-known trees native to Novosibirsk are birch, pine, and aspen. Some mountain ash, hawthorn, spruce, and fir are present as well. European species of apple, ash, elm, linden, and oak have been successfully introduced.[citation needed]

Geography

[edit]
Bugrinsky Bridge on the Ob River

Urban layout

[edit]

The layout of the modern city is based on the planning of the post-revolution period. Before 1917, there was no traditional city center in Novo-nikolayevsk. The main buildings of the railway management and the nearby railway station as well as the most important cathedral and the complex of the city's government were spread throughout the city. This changed following the revolution, with Lenin House built in 1925 in what was traditionally the main avenue, Krasny Prospekt while the first Lenin monument was built in Barnaulskaya Street, closer to the railway station. And thus, until the late 1920s, Novosibirsk did not have a clearly defined city center. The 1930s brought many changes to the development of the city: Its former Bazarnaya Ploschad (Market Square) was chosen as the site for the construction of the Opera House which started in 1931. The Stalin Park of Culture and Rest was established some distance from the main avenue and the city's administrative buildings and park created a radial around the Bazarnaya Ploschad.[40]

There are 3 road (Kommunalny, Dimitrovsky, Bugrinsky), 2 railway (First, Komsomolsky), and 1 metro bridges within the city limits. The dam of the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station located on the territory of the city is also used for road traffic.

Location

[edit]

The city stands on the banks of the Ob River in the West Siberian Plain. The southern boundary of the city runs through the Novosibirsk reservoir, which is formed by the dam of the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station and cuts through the Ob Plateau.

The nearest major cities are Omsk, Barnaul, Kemerovo, Tomsk.

Climate

[edit]

The climate in Novosibirsk is typical of Siberia, with dry winters and far-below-freezing winter temperatures. Among the reasons for these temperatures are the absence of a nearby ocean and the lack of tall mountains at the north of Novosibirsk that could have held back freezing Arctic winds.[citation needed] In fact, Novosibirsk is the second-farthest substantially populated city from the ocean, the first being Ürümqi in China.[citation needed]

The climate is humid continental (Köppen Dfb), with warm summers and bitterly cold winters. Snow is frequent, falling on almost half of all winter days, but individual snowfalls are usually light. On average temperatures range in summer from +15 °C (59 °F) to +26 °C (79 °F) and in winter from −20 °C (−4 °F) to −12 °C (10 °F). However, winter temperatures can go as low as −30 °C (−22 °F) to −35 °C (−31 °F), and summer temperatures can go as high as +30 °C (86 °F) to +35 °C (95 °F). The difference between the highest- and lowest-recorded temperatures is 82 °C (148 °F).

Travellers coming from countries with mild climates may find Novosibirsk's winter extremely cold, but it is a lot less severe than further east in Siberia and the Russian Far East, especially considering its latitude of 55°N. For example, Novosibirsk is less cold during winter nights than Spassk-Dalny at eleven degrees lower latitude. It also is less cold in winter than the largest far eastern city of Khabarovsk and during nights even the Pacific coastal town of Sovetskaya Gavan, both at less than 49°N, and slightly milder than the Chinese city of Harbin, the capital of Manchuria and Heilongjiang province in China, at only 45°N. Sometimes bitter cold may hold for some days, but temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F) and lower do not occur every year. Its overall temperatures are very similar to that of Winnipeg, Canada at about 50 degrees north.

Climate data for Novosibirsk (1991–2020, extremes 1930–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4) 		5.1
(41.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		30.7
(87.3) 		36.1
(97.0) 		37.3
(99.1) 		36.4
(97.5) 		35.7
(96.3) 		33.2
(91.8) 		23.8
(74.8) 		11.7
(53.1) 		4.8
(40.6) 		37.3
(99.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −12.6
(9.3) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		9.6
(49.3) 		18.9
(66.0) 		23.8
(74.8) 		25.4
(77.7) 		23.1
(73.6) 		16.1
(61.0) 		7.9
(46.2) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		7.4
(45.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −17.0
(1.4) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		3.6
(38.5) 		11.9
(53.4) 		17.6
(63.7) 		19.5
(67.1) 		16.9
(62.4) 		10.3
(50.5) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		−13.9
(7.0) 		2.0
(35.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −21.2
(−6.2) 		−19.1
(−2.4) 		−11.9
(10.6) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		5.7
(42.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		13.9
(57.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		5.7
(42.3) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		−18
(0) 		−2.8
(27.0)
Record low °C (°F) −46.2
(−51.2) 		−46.3
(−51.3) 		−36.4
(−33.5) 		−29
(−20) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		3.9
(39.0) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−26.4
(−15.5) 		−39.6
(−39.3) 		−45.7
(−50.3) 		−46.3
(−51.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 25
(1.0) 		18
(0.7) 		20
(0.8) 		24
(0.9) 		37
(1.5) 		55
(2.2) 		68
(2.7) 		58
(2.3) 		46
(1.8) 		43
(1.7) 		39
(1.5) 		36
(1.4) 		469
(18.5)
Average rainy days 1 1 2 8 13 14 14 14 16 12 5 1 101
Average snowy days 23 19 15 9 3 0.1 0 0 1 11 20 25 126
Average relative humidity (%) 82 81 77 65 58 66 73 75 75 78 83 83 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 67 107 166 213 264 302 304 245 170 100 58 45 2,041
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[41]
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun, 1931–1960)[42]
Climate data for Novosibirsk (1961–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −12.2
(10.0) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		8.1
(46.6) 		17.5
(63.5) 		24.0
(75.2) 		25.7
(78.3) 		22.2
(72.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		6.8
(44.2) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		7.0
(44.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −16.2
(2.8) 		−14.7
(5.5) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		3.2
(37.8) 		11.6
(52.9) 		18.2
(64.8) 		20.2
(68.4) 		17.0
(62.6) 		11.5
(52.7) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		2.4
(36.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −20.1
(−4.2) 		−19.1
(−2.4) 		−11.8
(10.8) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		5.6
(42.1) 		12.3
(54.1) 		14.7
(58.5) 		11.7
(53.1) 		6.4
(43.5) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−16.4
(2.5) 		−2.3
(27.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 19
(0.7) 		14
(0.6) 		15
(0.6) 		24
(0.9) 		36
(1.4) 		58
(2.3) 		72
(2.8) 		66
(2.6) 		44
(1.7) 		38
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		24
(0.9) 		442
(17.4)
Source: "Mean monthly climatic data for the city of Novosibirsk from 1961 to 1990". Roshydromet. Retrieved October 17, 2010.

Broadcasting

[edit]

Novosibirsk is home to Russia's most powerful shortwave relay station east of the Ural mountains. This relay station can reach most of South Asia, the Middle East, and China. The Magadan and Vladivostok relay stations when operated in conjunction with Novosibirsk can guarantee that the Voice of Russia or any other broadcaster renting time at Novosibirsk is heard in the intended target area.

Transportation

[edit]

International and intercity transportation

[edit]

Airports

[edit]
Tolmachevo Airport

The city is served by Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport, which connects Novosibirsk with most of Russia's largest cities and most countries of Europe and Asia. Tolmachevo is the hub for S7 Airlines.

There is also the auxiliary Yeltsovka Airport.

A smaller field for general aviation at Novosibirsk Severny Airport was closed in 2012. In August 2008, the First World Aerobatics Championship in Yak-52 aircraft was held at the airport.[43]

Railway stations

[edit]
Novosibirsk-Glavny railway station
Trains at Novosibirsk-Glavny railway station

Novosibirsk is a major stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway and the north end of Turkestan–Siberia Railway. The main railway station of Novosibirsk is Novosibirsk-Glavny station ("Glavny" means "Main") which is located in the centre of the right bank part of the city. There are also Novosibirsk-Zapadny ("Zapadny" means "Western"), Novosibirsk-Vostochny ("Vostochny" means "Eastern"), and Novosibirsk-Yuzhny ("Yuzhny" means "Southern") railway stations in Novosibirsk. All intercity trains passing through the aforementioned stations stop at these stations. In addition, there are halts where only suburban trains stops, for example Inskaya, Seyatel, Razyezd Inya, and many others.

The many regular intercity trains connect Novosibirsk with Russian cities in Siberia, the Far East, Ural, and European Russia. International trains connect the city with China, Mongolia, Belarus, and countries in Central Asia.

Bus stations

[edit]

The old Novosibirsk Bus Station located on Krasny Avenue in the right bank part of the city near Kommunalny Bridge was opened in 1964 and eventually closed on 6 April 2020.[44] There is a plan to build some new bus stations on the periphery of the city; the first of these new bus stations was built on Gusinobrodskoe Сhaussee and was opened on 18 December 2019.[45] Until the completion of remaining new bus stations, some bus stops in the city are being used by intercity bus services.

The many regular intercity/international bus routes connect Novosibirsk with most cities of the southern part of Western Siberia and major cities of Central Asia.

River passenger terminals

[edit]

The building of Novosibirsk river passenger terminal (Russian: Речной вокзал) on the Ob river was opened in 1974.[46] Later, the self-titled metro station was opened near the building of the terminal. On 7 March 2003, there was the strong fire in the building of the terminal.[47] The part of the building was beyond repair and was demolished.

At present day[when?], only two regular passenger lines are operational: Novosibirsk - Kudryash island - Yagodnaya - Cheremushki - Novaya Zarya - Bibikha - Sedova Zaimka and Novosibirsk - Berdsk.[48] There are also cruises on the Ob river and the Novosibirsk Reservoir including to Tomsk and Barnaul. River ships use the Novosibirsk Shipping Canal, equipped with a single triple-chamber shipping lock and located in Novosibirsk along its entire length, for the passage from the river to the reservoir and from the reservoir to the river.

Usually, the period of navigability is opened in late April or early May and is closed in late September or early October.

City public transportation

[edit]

Metro

[edit]

Сhronologically, Novosibirsk was the fourth city in Russia in which a metro system was established, after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Nizhny Novgorod. It was therefore also the first city in Siberia. The Novosibirsk Metro was opened in 1985. As of 2022, the system has 2 dual track lines (Leninskaya (red) and Dzerzhinskaya (green)) and 13 stations.[49]

Tram system

[edit]

The Novosibirsk tram system was launched in 1934. As of 2022, the network has 10 routes: 6 of them are situated in left-bank part of the city, 4 of them are situated in right-bank of the city.[50][51]

Trolleybus system

[edit]

The Novosibirsk trolleybus system was launched in 1957. As of 2022, the network has 14 routes.[50][51]

Bus system

[edit]

The Novosibirsk bus system was launched in 1923. As of 2022, system consists of 52 routes served by buses over 10 metres long and 17 routes served by smaller buses.[50]

Waterbus system

[edit]

As of 2021, the Novosibirsk waterbus system includes the following routes:[48]

  • Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Beach "Bugrinskaya Roshcha" - Korablik Island
  • Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Severo-Chemskoy residential area - Allotment garden community "Smorodinka" - Allotment garden community "Tikhie Zori"
  • Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Novosibirsk Waterpark (the last route was not included in the plan of navigational season 2021 due to suspension of Waterpark's operation).

Usually, the period of navigability is opened in late April or early May and is closed in late September or early October.[citation needed]

Route taxi

[edit]

The Novosibirsk fixed-route taxi system (marshrutka), which utilizes minibuses, has operated in the city since late 1970s. In 1989, the first private carriers appeared after the passage of the Law on Cooperatives. There are 56 marshrutkas routes in Novosibirsk.[52] In recent years the number of minibus routes in this system have been in decline, generally being replaced with bus routes.[53]

Economy

[edit]
Novosibirsk CHP Station-5

Novosibirsk is a large industrial center. The industrial complex consists of 214 large and average-sized industrial enterprises. These produce more than two-thirds of all industrial output of the Novosibirsk region. Leading industries are aerospace (Chkalov's Novosibirsk Aircraft Plant), nuclear fuel (Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant), turbo and hydroelectric generators (NPO ELSIB), textile machinery (Textilmach), agriculture machinery (NPO "Sibselmash"), electronics components and devices production (Novosibirsk Factory and Design Bureau of Semiconductor Devices NZPP, OXID Novosibirsk Plant of Radio components), and metallurgy and metalworking (Kuzmina's Novosibirsk Metallurgical Plant, Novosibirsk Tin Plant OJSC, and JSC Plant of Rare Metals).

According to the television station RBC, Novosibirsk took third place in 2008 in the list of Russian cities most attractive to businesses (in 2007 it was placed thirteenth).

The Rich Family multi-national retailer was founded in Novosibirsk in 2002 and continues to maintain their headquarters in the city. Before the relocation of its headquarters to Ob, S7 Airlines had its head office in Novosibirsk.[54]

The headquarters of a number of large Russian companies are located in Novosibirsk:[55]

Governance

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Until 2023, the head of the city (mayor) was elected by universal suffrage among city residents. This position was held by Anatoly Lokot (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) from 23 April 2014. In February 2023, deputies of the Legislative Assembly of the Novosibirsk Oblast, in two readings, adopted a bill to abolish direct elections of the heads of Novosibirsk and the scientific settlement of Koltsovo; the election of heads of municipal administrations will take place on a competitive basis.[56] On 28 December 2023, the governor of Novosibirsk Oblast, Andrey Travnikov, announced that Anatoly Lokot was going on vacation with subsequent dismissal. First Deputy Mayor Oleg Klemeshov was appointed acting mayor.[57] On 16 April 2024, based on the results of voting by deputies of the Novosibirsk City Council of Deputies, Deputy Governor of the Novosibirsk Region Maxim Kudryavtsev (United Russia) was elected mayor of Novosibirsk.[58]

Sport

[edit]
Bandy at Sibselmash Stadium
Spartak Stadium and city surroundings

Professional sports clubs active in the city:

Club Sport Founded Current league League
rank		 Stadium
FC Novosibirsk Football 1936 Russian Professional Football League 3rd Spartak Stadium
Sibir Novosibirsk Ice hockey 1962 Kontinental Hockey League 1st Ice Sports Palace Sibir
Sibselmash Novosibirsk Bandy 1937 Russian Bandy Super League 1st Sibselmash Stadium
BC Novosibirsk Basketball 2011 Basketball Super League 2nd SKK Sever
Dynamo-GUVD Novosibirsk Basketball 1955 Women's Basketball Premier League 1st SKK Sever
Lokomotiv Novosibirsk Volleyball 1977 Volleyball Super League 1st Lokomotiv-Arena
Sibiryak Novosibirsk Futsal 1988 Futsal Super League 1st NSAAA Sports Hall

Novosibirsk is the home town of several former Olympians, including Aleksandr Karelin, a twelve-time world Greco-Roman wrestling champion who has been voted the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of the twentieth century by the sport's international governing body of FILA.

The city also hosts a number of national and international Ice Speedway events. Siberia Novosibirsk competed in the Russian Ice Speedway Premier League in 2012/13, and 2013/2014. The speedway venue known as the Motordrome ROSTO is located on Ulitsa Tul'skaya, 205 at (54°58′07″N 82°53′30″E / 54.96861°N 82.89167°E / 54.96861; 82.89167).

The Siberia Novosibirsk motorcycle speedway team regularly participated in the Soviet Union Championship from its inaugural edition in 1962 through to 1992[59] and then from 1993 to 1995 in the Russian Championship.[60] The team were champions of the Soviet Union in 1980.[61]

Music

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Several contemporary classical violinists, such as Vadim Repin,[62] the late Alexander Skwortsow, Natalia Lomeiko,[63] and Maxim Vengerov,[64] are natives of Novosibirsk. Also born in the city were punk legend, poet and singer-songwriter Yanka Dyagileva, tragic punk rocker Dmitry Selivanov, folk/folk-rock singer Pelageya Khanova, and cellist Tatjana Vassiljeva. The career of poet and singer-songwriter Tatyana Snezhina was connected with Novosibirsk.

The city possesses the Novosibirsk State Conservatory, named in honor of the composer Mikhail Glinka; Novosibirsk State Philharmony, home to Novosibirsk Academic Symphony Orchestra, Novosibirsk Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra, Russian Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments, and other musical groups; Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theater; and several notable music venues.

Education

[edit]
Airphoto of Akademgorodok

Novosibirsk is home to the following institutions of higher education:

Additionally, there are more than 50 vocational schools in Novosibirsk.

Akademgorodok is a remote part of Novosibirsk dedicated to science. It houses the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and is the location of Novosibirsk State University and Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School. All other higher education institutions are located in the central part of the city of Novosibirsk on both banks of the Ob river.

The Quality Schools International QSI International School of Novosibirsk, previously located in Akademgorodok, opened in 2008.[65]

Culture

[edit]

Libraries

[edit]

There are many libraries in Novosibirsk. The most significant libraries are the following:

Theatres

[edit]

Philharmonic

[edit]

Novosibirsk State Philharmonic Society was founded in 1937. It holds about 60 concerts per month using the following halls:

  • Philharmonic Chamber Hall
    Philharmonic Chamber Hall
  • Arnold Kats State Concert Hall
    Arnold Kats State Concert Hall

Museums

[edit]

Planetariums

[edit]
  • Large Novosibirsk Planetarium
    Large Novosibirsk Planetarium

Annual festivals, forums and conferences

[edit]

Places of entertainment

[edit]

Cinemas

[edit]

16 cinemas, including Cinema Park which supports IMAX and IMAX 3D.

Circus

[edit]

Modern building of the Novosibirsk Circus was built in 1971.

  • Novosibirsk Circus
    Novosibirsk Circus

Zoo

[edit]
Main article: Novosibirsk Zoo

The Novosibirsk Zoo is a world-renowned scientific institution as well as a popular tourist attraction.

The zoo has over 11,000 animals from 738 species and is an active participant in thirty-two different captive breeding programmes for endangered species. Since 2016, the Center of oceanography and marine biology "Dolphinia" has been part of the zoo.[69]

On average, around 1.5 million people visit the zoo each year.[70]

  • Novosibirsk Zoo in 2015
    Novosibirsk Zoo in 2015

Children's railway

[edit]
Main article: Small West Siberian Railway

Small West Siberian Railway is the children's railway located in Zayeltsovsky Park.

It has 5 stations: Zayeltsovskiy Park, Razyezd Lokomotiv, Sportivnaya, Razyezd Eltsovskiy, Zoopark.

The railway is operational in summer.

  • Novosibirsk Children's railway
    Novosibirsk Children's railway

Botanical gardens

[edit]

Central Siberian Botanic Garden[71] is located in Akademgorodok.

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

Novosibirsk is twinned with:[72]

Notable residents

[edit]
Main article: List of people from Novosibirsk

Violinist Mikhail Simonyan, playwright and prose writer Nina Mikhailovna Sadur, three-time Olympic Greco-Roman wrestling champion Aleksandr Karelin, pop singer Shura, singer and The Voice judge Pelageya, rapper Allj and top model Sofia Steinberg were born and raised in Novosibirsk. Maxim Vengerov, an Israeli violinist, violist, and conductor was born here. Aleksandr Akimov, who was also born here, was the night shift supervisor on duty for Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant at the time of the explosion in April 1986. Stanislav Pozdnyakov, fencer and president of the Russian Olympic Commission, was born here.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ /ˌnoʊvəsɪˈbɪərsk, -voʊs-/, also UK: /ˌnɒv-/;[19][20] Russian: Новосиби́рск, IPA: [nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk] ⓘ
  2. ^ Pre-reform orthography: Ново-Николаевскъ, IPA: [ˈnovə nʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪfsk]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Charter of Novosibirsk Oblast, Article 5
  2. ^ Decision #850
  3. ^ a b Official website of Novosibirsk. History Archived August 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  4. ^ a b c Charter of Novosibirsk, Article 1.1
  5. ^ a b Charter of Novosibirsk, Article 27
  6. ^ Official website of Novosibirsk. [1] Local Authorities
  7. ^ Official website of Novosibirsk. General Information Archived October 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  8. ^ https://it-ch.topographic-map.com/map-s79cs8/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA/?zoom=19&center=55.0286%2C82.92161&popup=55.02876%2C82.9216. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  10. ^ "Численность населения по муниципальным районам и городским округам Новосибирской области на 1 января 2015 года и в среднем за 2014 год" (PDF) (in Russian). Novosibirsk Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  11. ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 50 240», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 50 240, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  12. ^ a b Law On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Novosibirsk Oblast
  13. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 50 701». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code 50 701. ).
  14. ^ Law On the Administrative Centers of the Municipal Districts and Rural Settlements of Novosibirsk Oblast
  15. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  16. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  17. ^ "International Dialing Codes - how to call from Hong Kong – Hong Kong to Russia – Novosibirsk – Novosibirsk". Timeanddate.com. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  18. ^ Charter of Novosibirsk, Article 1
  19. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  20. ^ Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2.
  21. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  22. ^ Новосибирская ГЭС. Вокруг здания ГЭС, водосливная плотина :: Gelio | Слава Степанов Archived August 8, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Gelio.newsib.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
  23. ^ "European Airport Traffic Trends". Aviation database bank, free of charge from anna.aero. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  24. ^ Everett-Heath, John (August 2000). "Russia". Place Names of the World - Europe: Historical Context, Meanings and Changes. Basingstoke: Springer (published 2000). p. 272. ISBN 9780230286733. Retrieved August 16, 2022. Novosibirsk [...] Renamed (1895-1925) Novonikolayevsky [sic], 'New Nicholas', in honour of the accession of Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918, r.1895-1918).
  25. ^ a b c d e f g "Novosibirsk City Guide". Allsiberia.com. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  26. ^ "Сельское хозяйство :: Бизнес-журнал, новости Новосибирска и Новосибирской области". Biz.newsib.ru. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  27. ^ "Исторический обзор: "Новониколаевская губерния – Новосибирская область: люди, события, факты" | Библиотека сибирского краеведения". bsk.nios.ru. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  28. ^ a b "Decision of Central Execution Committee of USSR dated 28 of September of 1937 (link to law base provided by official legal service "Consultant Plus")". Base.consultant.ru. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  29. ^ Pichugina, Lisa (June 11, 2015). "Загадки "Бэтмена": прогулка по самому одиозному небоскребу Новосибирска". НГС (in Russian).
  30. ^ "From Novosibirsk to Komsomolsk". TIME. May 4, 1942. Archived from the original on October 14, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
  31. ^ Haywood, A. J. (2010). Siberia: A Cultural History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975417-5. During the Second World War the city received a second boost through the relocation of about fifty strategic industries and a fresh wave of about 140,000 war refugees
  32. ^ "Novosibirsk, Siberia, Russia History & Info". Utopiasprings.com. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
  33. ^ "Novosibirsk Mayor Office Web Site, City History Page". Novosibirsk Mayor Office. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  34. ^ Shevchenko, Nikolay (July 24, 2020). "Yes, this photo is fake. But the suicidal aerial stunt was real". Rbth.com. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  35. ^ "Is This a Russian Pilot Flying Under a Bridge in 1965?". Snopes.com. July 31, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  36. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 2008 August 01 (NASA/TP-2007-214149)". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  37. ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 50 401», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 50 401, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  38. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  39. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Rosstat. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  40. ^ Leader Cults and Spatial Politics, pg. 144
  41. ^ "Weather and Climate-The Climate of Novosibirsk" (in Russian). Weather and Climate. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  42. ^ Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. "Rusland - Novosibirsk" (PDF). Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960) (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 225. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 27, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
  43. ^ "Чемпионат мира по высшему пилотажу на самолетах Як-52 открывается в Новосибирске". Tayga.info. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  44. ^ Shershnev, Artem (March 25, 2020). "Автовокзал на Красном проспекте прекращает работу". VN.ru (in Russian). Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  45. ^ Kukhmar, Alina (December 18, 2019). "Новый автовокзал открыли на Гусинобродском шоссе в Новосибирске". VN.ru (in Russian). Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  46. ^ Balandin, Sergey (1986). Новосибирск : История градостроительства 1945-1985 гг [Novosibirsk : History of urban planning 1945-1985] (in Russian). Novosibirsk: Книжное издательство. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  47. ^ "Новосибирская область: Речной вокзал в областном центре сгорел из-за непотушенного окурка и восстановлению не подлежит". REGNUM News Agency (in Russian). March 11, 2003.
  48. ^ a b "Пассажирские перевозки/Регулярные рейсы". rechflot54.ru (in Russian). Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  49. ^ "Схема метрополитена". nsk-metro.ru (in Russian). Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  50. ^ a b c "The register of the routes of Novosibirsk city public transport" (in Russian). Official site of Novosibirsk city.
  51. ^ a b "Маршруты МКП "ГорЭлектроТранспорт"". get-nsk.ru (in Russian). Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  52. ^ "The register of the routes of Novosibirsk city public transport" (in Russian). Official site of Novosibirsk city. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  53. ^ Manko, Nikita (April 11, 2016). "Это не шутки: история маршрутки в Новосибирске". NSKnews.info (in Russian).
  54. ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 30 - April 5, 2004. 68.
  55. ^ "Ksonline". Ksonline.ru. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  56. ^ "В Новосибирске отменили прямые выборы мэра" [Direct mayoral elections were canceled in Novosibirsk] (in Russian). RBK Group. February 20, 2023. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  57. ^ "Мэр Новосибирска Анатолий Локоть уходит в отставку" [Novosibirsk Mayor Anatoly Lokot resigns] (in Russian). TASS. December 28, 2023. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  58. ^ "Максим Кудрявцев стал первым мэром Новосибирска после отмены прямых выборов" [Maxim Kudryavtsev became the first mayor of Novosibirsk after the abolition of direct elections]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). April 16, 2024. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
  59. ^ "Soviet Union Team Championship". Speedway History. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  60. ^ "Russian Team Championship". Speedway History. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  61. ^ "Soviet Union & Russian Team Championship". Speedway Fansite. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  62. ^ "Вадим Репин, скрипка". phil-nsk.ru. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  63. ^ "Наталья Ломейко: "Играть на родине приятно"". Континент Сибирь Online (in Russian). June 8, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  64. ^ ""Мне повезло — я прошел колоссальную школу в Новосибирске"". Коммерсантъ (in Russian). August 28, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  65. ^ "Home." QSI International School of Novosibirsk. October 2, 2009. Retrieved on May 15, 2016.
  66. ^ "People". Bolshoi.ru. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
  67. ^ "Детский Юношеский Центр "Планетарий"". Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  68. ^ Ministry of Housing and Building of Russian Federation official website Minstroyrf.ru
  69. ^ О центре океанографии и морской биологии "Дельфиния" (in Russian). Novosibirsk Center of oceanography and marine biology "Dolphinia" official page. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  70. ^ ИСТОРИЯ ЗООПАРКА (in Russian). Novosibirsk Zoo official page. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  71. ^ "Central Siberian Botanical Garden/Центральный сибирский ботанический сад СО РАН". Bgci.org. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  72. ^ "Города-побратимы Новосибирска". novo-sibirsk.ru (in Russian). Novosibirsk. Retrieved February 3, 2020.

Sources

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  • Городской Совет Новосибирска. Решение №616 от 27 июня 2007 г. «Устав города Новосибирска», в ред. Решения №1311 от 31 марта 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в устав города Новосибирска, принятый Решением городского Совета Новосибирска от 27.06.2007 №616». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования, за исключением положений, для которых установлены иные сроки и порядок вступления в силу. Опубликован: "Бюллетень органов городского самоуправления Новосибирска", №58, стр. 3, 15 августа 2007 г. (City Council of Novosibirsk. Decision #616 of June 27, 2007 Charter of the City of Novosibirsk, as amended by the Decision #1311 of March 31, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the City of Novosibirsk Adopted by the Decision #616 of the City Council of Novosibirsk of June 27, 2007. Effective as of 10 days after the official publication date, with the exception of the clauses for which different dates and procedures of taking effect are specified.).
  • Новосибирский областной Совет депутатов. Постановление №282-ОЗ от 31 марта 2005 г. «Устав Новосибирской области», в ред. Закона №529-ОЗ от 26 февраля 2015 г. «О поправках к Уставу Новосибирской области». Вступил в силу 1 мая 2005 г. Опубликован: "Советская Сибирь", №81, 29 апреля 2005 г. (Novosibirsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Resolution #282-OZ of March 31, 2005 Charter of Novosibirsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #529-OZ of February 26, 2015 On Amending the Charter of Novosibirsk Oblast. Effective as of May 1, 2005.).
  • Новосибирский областной Совет депутатов. Закон №246-ОЗ от 17 декабря 2004 г. «Об административных центрах муниципальных районов и сельских поселений Новосибирской области», в ред. Закона №69-ОЗ от 5 декабря 2006 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Новосибирской области "Об административных центрах муниципальных районов и сельских поселений Новосибирской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Советская Сибирь", №252, 29 декабря 2004 г. (Novosibirsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #246-OZ of December 17, 2004 On the Administrative Centers of the Municipal Districts and Rural Settlements of Novosibirsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #69-OZ of December 5, 2006 On Amending the Law of Novosibirsk Oblast "On the Administrative Centers of the Municipal Districts and Rural Settlements of Novosibirsk Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Novosibirsk.
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