Operational design domain
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Operational design domain (ODD) is a term for a particular operating context for an automated system, often used in the field of autonomous vehicles. The context is defined by a set of conditions, including environmental, geographical, time of day, and other conditions. For vehicles, traffic and roadway characteristics are included. Manufacturers use ODD to indicate where/how their product operates safely. A given system may operate differently according to the immediate ODD.[1]
The concept presumes that automated systems have limitations.[2] Relating system function to the ODD it supports is important for developers and regulators to establish and communicate safe operating conditions. Systems should operate within those limitations. Some systems recognize the ODD and modify their behavior accordingly. For example, an autonomous car might recognize that traffic is heavy and disable its automated lane change feature. [2]
ODD is used for cars, for ships,[3] trains,[4] agricultural robots,[5] and other robots.
Definitions
[edit]Various regulators have offered definitions of related terms:
| Definition | Source |
|---|---|
| "operating conditions under which a given driving automation system ... or feature thereof is specifically designed to function" | ISO/TS 14812:2022(en), 3.7.3.2[6] |
| "operating conditions under which a given automated driving system ... or feature thereof is specifically designed to function, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics" | ISO/TR 4804:2020(en), 3.37[7] |
| "operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics" | ISO 34501:2022(en), 3.26[8] |
| "specific conditions under which a given driving automation system is designed to function" | ISO 21448:2022(en), 3.21[9] |
| "operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function" | BSI PAS 1883[10] |
| "set of environments and situations the item is to operate within" | ANSI/UL 4600[11] |
| "environmental, geographic, time-of-day, traffic, infrastructure, weather and other conditions under which an automated driving system is specifically designed to function" | Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety (WP.1) resolution on the deployment of highly and fully automated vehicles in road traffic[12] |
| "For the assessment of the vehicle safety, the vehicle manufacturers should document the [ODD] available on their vehicles and the functionality of the vehicle within the prescribed [ODD]. The [ODD] should describe the specific conditions under which the automated vehicle is intended to drive in the automated mode. The [ODD] should include the following information at a minimum: roadway types; geographic area; speed range; environmental conditions (weather as well as day/night time); and other domain constraints." | Revised Framework document on automated/autonomous vehicles (WP.29)[13] |
| An "automated lane keeping system defines the specific operating conditions (e.g. environmental, geographic, time-of-day, traffic, infrastructure, speed range, weather and other conditions) within the boundaries fixed by this regulation under which the automated lane keeping system is designed to operate without any intervention by the driver." | UN Regulation No 157 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regards to Automated Lane Keeping Systems [2021/389][14] |
| An ODD is defined in terms of physical infrastructure, operational constraints, objects, connectivity, environmental conditions, and zones.
Physical infrastructure includes roadway types, surfaces, edges and geometry. Operational constraints include speed limits and traffic conditions. Environmental conditions include weather, illumination, etc. Zones include regions, states, school areas, and construction sites. |
US Department of Transportation report[15] |
| ‘operational design Domain (‘ODD’)’ means operating conditions under which a given ADS is specifically designed to function, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics. | EU Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426[16] |
Examples
[edit]In 2022, Mercedes-Benz announced a product with an ODD of Level 3 autonomous driving at 130 km/h.[17]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Lee, Chung Won; Nayeer, Nasif; Garcia, Danson Evan; Agrawal, Ankur; Liu, Bingbing (October 2020). "Identifying the Operational Design Domain for an Automated Driving System through Assessed Risk". 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). pp. 1317–1322. doi:10.1109/IV47402.2020.9304552. ISBN 978-1-7281-6673-5. S2CID 231599295.
- ^ a b Erz, Jannis; Schütt, Barbara; Braun, Thilo; Guissouma, Houssem; Sax, Eric (April 2022). "Towards an Ontology That Reconciles the Operational Design Domain, Scenario-based Testing, and Automated Vehicle Architectures". 2022 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon). pp. 1–8. doi:10.1109/SysCon53536.2022.9773840. ISBN 978-1-6654-3992-3. S2CID 248850678.
- ^ Yamada, Tomoaki; Sato, Makoto; Kuranobu, Rikiya; Watanabe, Ryo; Itoh, Hiroko; Shiokari, Megumi; Yuzui, Tomohiro (1 July 2022). "Evaluation of effectiveness of the STAMP / STPA in risk analysis of autonomous ship systems". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2311 (1): 012021. Bibcode:2022JPhCS2311a2021Y. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2311/1/012021. S2CID 251344689.
- ^ Meng, Zicong; Tang, Tao; Wei, Guodong; Yuan, Lei (January 2021). "Analysis of ATO System Operation Scenarios Based on UPPAAL and the Operational Design Domain". Electronics. 10 (4): 503. doi:10.3390/electronics10040503. ISSN 2079-9292.
- ^ Krank, Joshua (2020). "Robo-Crop: The Imminence of Autonomous Technology in Agriculture". Drake Journal of Agricultural Law. 25: 473.
- ^ "3.7.3.2". ISO/TS 14812:2022, Intelligent transport systems — Vocabulary. ISO. 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "3.22". ISO/TR 4804:2020, Road vehicles — Safety and cybersecurity for automated driving systems — Design, verification and validation. ISO. 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "3.26". ISO 34501:2022, Road vehicles — Test scenarios for automated driving systems — Vocabulary. ISO. 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "3.21". ISO 21448:2022, Road vehicles — Safety of the intended functionality. ISO. 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "PAS 1883:2020" (PDF). BSI Group. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ Peleska, Jan; Haxthausen, Anne E.; Lecomte, Thierry (2022). "Standardisation Considerations for Autonomous Train Control". Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Practice. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 13704. Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 286–307. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19762-8_22. ISBN 978-3-031-19761-1.
- ^ "Resolution on the Deployment of Highly and Fully Automated Vehicles in Road Traffic | UNECE". unece.org. UNECE. September 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "Framework Document for Automated/Autonomous Vehicles (UPDATED) | UNECE". unece.org. UNECE. February 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ UN Regulation No 157
- ^ Thorn, Eric; Kimmel, Shawn C.; Chaka, Michelle (1 September 2018). "A Framework for Automated Driving System Testable Cases and Scenarios". Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426
- ^ Rocco, Nicolas La (12 August 2022). "Level-3-Fahren mit 130 km/h: Mercedes gestaltet nächste ODD für Drive Pilot aus". ComputerBase (in German). Retrieved 11 June 2023.