Papilio zalmoxis

Giant blue swallowtail
	Blue sheen – mounted specimen
	From the DRC, green sheen – mounted specimen
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Papilio
Species:	P. zalmoxis
Binomial name
	Papilio zalmoxis; Hewitson, 1864
Synonyms
	Icarus zalmoxis f. sufferti Röber, 1898; Icarus zalmoxis f. ripponi Röber, 1898; Papilio zalmoxis ab. cinereus Schultze, 1913;

Papilio zalmoxis, the giant blue swallowtail, is an African butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. The name of the species is given in honor of Zalmoxis – a divinity of the Getae (a people of the lower Danube), mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories IV, 93–96.

Description

Papilio zalmoxis has a wingspan reaching about 12–16 centimetres (4.7–6.3 in) and it is the second largest African swallowtail. The colour of the upperside of the wings is usually blue but can be greenish, contrasting with the light-gray color of the underside of the wings. Previously thought to produce the blue colour by Tyndall scattering,^[3] the scales of Papilio zalmoxis are not nanostructured for incoherent scattering, instead the blue is a fluorescent pigmentary colour.^[4]

The uppersides of the forewings have narrow black stripes between black veins. The tip of the wings is black. Uppersides of the hindwings have a black marginal band, with a chain of blue spots. The body is bright yellow. Females are slightly smaller than males, and less brightly colored. The background colour of its wings is yellowish brown.

Distribution

Papilio zalmoxis is an African butterfly, living in tropical areas (Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Nigeria, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zaire, Ivory Coast).

Gallery

From the Central African Republic – mounted specimen
Hewitson's illustration

References

^ "Afrotropical Butterflies: File C – Papilionidae – Tribe Papilionini". Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
^ Hewitson, W. C., 1864 Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson Full text
^ Huxley, John (1976). "The Coloration of Papilio zalmoxis and P. Antimachus, and the Discovery of Tyndall Blue in Butterflies". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 193 (1113): 441–453. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.193..441H. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0056. JSTOR 77240. S2CID 85087211.
^ Prum, Richard O.; Tim Quinn & Rodolfo H. Torres (2006-02-15). "Anatomically diverse butterfly scales all produce structural colours by coherent scattering". J. Exp. Biol. 209 (4). Jeb.biologists.org: 748–65. doi:10.1242/jeb.02051. hdl:1808/1600. PMID 16449568. S2CID 22654532. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

Papilionidae – revised GloBIS/GART species checklist Archived 2010-09-09 at the Wayback Machine
Biolib
Funet
Eric Laithwaite, Allan Watson [and] Paul E. S. Whalley – The Dictionary of Butterflies and Moths in Colour – American consultant editor, W. Donald Duckworth

External links

Butterfly corner

This Papilionidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[ATBUT-1] "Afrotropical Butterflies: File C – Papilionidae – Tribe Papilionini". Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

[2] Hewitson, W. C., 1864 Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson Full text

[3] Huxley, John (1976). "The Coloration of Papilio zalmoxis and P. Antimachus, and the Discovery of Tyndall Blue in Butterflies". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 193 (1113): 441–453. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.193..441H. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0056. JSTOR 77240. S2CID 85087211.

[4] Prum, Richard O.; Tim Quinn & Rodolfo H. Torres (2006-02-15). "Anatomically diverse butterfly scales all produce structural colours by coherent scattering". J. Exp. Biol. 209 (4). Jeb.biologists.org: 748–65. doi:10.1242/jeb.02051. hdl:1808/1600. PMID 16449568. S2CID 22654532. Retrieved 2014-03-21.

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