Pleodorina starrii
| Pleodorina starrii | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Clade: | Viridiplantae |
| Division: | Chlorophyta |
| Class: | Chlorophyceae |
| Order: | Chlamydomonadales |
| Family: | Volvocaceae |
| Genus: | Pleodorina |
| Species: | P. starrii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pleodorina starrii | |
Pleodorina starrii is a species of algae that resides in freshwater in Japan.[1] The name starri is in honor of phycologist Richard C. Starr.[2]
Since 2006 it has provided molecular genetic evidence for an evolutionary link between sexes and mating types. It was later confirmed to be the first reportedly trioecious haploid species.
Reproduction
[edit]It is trioecious meaning males, females, and hermaphrodites exist in the species.[3]
Reproduction is asexual under normal conditions and creates colonies of clones with the same genotype.[4][5] Sexual reproduction is induced by low-nitrogen conditions and is anisogamous.[1]
Studies on the species
[edit]The species was involved in a 2006 study that provided the first molecular genetic evidence for the evolutionary link between sexes and mating types.[6][7]: 215–216, 222 A male-specific gene was founded in the species and named "OTOKOGI", meaning manliness or chivalry in Japanese.[7]: 221
The species was previously believed to be heterothallic with males and females, but a 2021 study revealed it also contained hermaphrodites.[8] This study was the first time the sexual system trioecy has been reported in haploid species and it challenged models for the evolution of sexual systems.[3] Although trioecy is viewed as being an evolutionarily unstable transitional state between dioecy and monoecy, a 2023 study revealed this probably not the case in this species. Instead, in this species, trioecy could have evolved due to the reorganization of certain genes.[2][9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Pleodorina starrii H.Nozaki, F.D.Ott & A.W.Coleman :: AlgaeBase". www.algaebase.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ a b Nature, Research Communities by Springer (23 May 2023). ""Starrii" blessed us twice". Research Communities by Springer Nature. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ a b Roy, Scott William (November 2021). "Digest: Three sexes from two loci in one genome: A haploid alga expands the diversity of trioecious species*". Evolution. 75 (11): 3002–3003. doi:10.1111/evo.14345. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 34486115. S2CID 237422083.
- ^ Nozaki, Hisayoshi (2006). "Morphology, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of two new species of Pleodorina (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae)". Journal of Phycology. 42 (5): 1072–1080. Bibcode:2006JPcgy..42.1072N. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00255.x. S2CID 84730352. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Species of algae with three sexes that all mate in pairs identified in Japanese river". EurekAlert!. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ^ Nozaki, Hisayoshi; Mori, Toshiyuki; Misumi, Osami; Matsunaga, Sachihiro; Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi (19 December 2006). "Males evolved from the dominant isogametic mating type". Current Biology. 16 (24): R1018–1020. Bibcode:2006CBio...16R1018N. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.11.019. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 17174904. S2CID 15748275.
- ^ a b Sawada, Hitoshi; Inoue, Naokazu; Iwano, Megumi (7 February 2014). Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants. Springer. pp. 215–226. ISBN 978-4-431-54589-7. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ^ Takahashi, Kohei; Kawai-Toyooka, Hiroko; Ootsuki, Ryo; Hamaji, Takashi; Tsuchikane, Yuki; Sekimoto, Hiroyuki; Higashiyama, Tetsuya; Nozaki, Hisayoshi (November 2021). "Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self-compatible mating system*". Evolution. 75 (11): 2984–2993. doi:10.1111/evo.14306. ISSN 0014-3820. PMC 9291101. PMID 34250602.
- ^ Takahashi, Kohei; Suzuki, Shigekatsu; Kawai-Toyooka, Hiroko; Yamamoto, Kayoko; Hamaji, Takashi; Ootsuki, Ryo; Yamaguchi, Haruyo; Kawachi, Masanobu; Higashiyama, Tetsuya; Nozaki, Hisayoshi (9 June 2023). "Reorganization of the ancestral sex-determining regions during the evolution of trioecy in Pleodorina starrii". Communications Biology. 6 (1): 590. doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04949-1. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 10256686. PMID 37296191.