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Power Balance

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Power Balance Pavilion, see ARCO Arena. For other uses, see Balance of power (disambiguation).
A Power Balance wrist band

Power Balance is the original brand of hologram bracelets claimed by its manufacturers and vendors to use "holographic technology" to "resonate with and respond to the natural energy field of the body" to increase athletic performance.[1] Numerous independent studies of the device have found it to be no more effective than a placebo for enhancing athletic performance.[2][3][4] As a result, in 2010, the Australian distributor, Power Balance Australia Pty. Ltd., was forced by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) to retract any previous claims.[5]

The product was originally promoted at trade shows in the beginning of 2006 using applied kinesiology as its effective sales tool. The bracelets went on sale in 2007 and had several celebrity endorsements.[6] The bracelets became a trend among high school, collegiate, and professional sports teams between 2008 and 2012. This sustained prevalence compelled journalist Darren Rovell to remark that "a growing number of professional sportsmen and their attendants are starting to sound like New Age crystal healers."[7] CNBC Sports named Power Balance Product of the Year in 2010 for its strong sales and celebrity endorsements.[8]

Power Balance headquarters, which was located in Laguna Niguel, California, at the time, denied that they made any medical or scientific claims about their products.[9] However, the company had been the focus of significant criticism, particularly for false advertising. The Power Balance bracelet has been described as "like the tooth fairy"[10] and a "very successful marketing scam".[11] Dylan Evans, a lecturer in behavioral science at Cork University's School of Medicine, stated that the marketing of Power Balance has "managed to get away without deceiving anyone in the sense of an overt lie. There are no claims on the packaging itself. They don't make any reference at all to any health outcomes. They leave that as an inference that most people will draw."[12]

By the end of 2011, the company was reported to be approaching bankruptcy after allegedly having to settle a $57 million lawsuit, in the course of which company executives acknowledged that their past claims to improve strength and balance were not backed by science.[13] It filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on November 22, 2011,[13] due to a multitude of lawsuits. As of September 2022, the brand has been transferred to a new company, Power Balance Technologies, which still sells Power Balance bands and other items [14][non-primary source needed]

Efficacy

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Independent Investigations Group testing Power Balance in progress, October 28, 2010

In December 2009, an informal, double-blind test was conducted by Richard Saunders of the Australian Skeptics on the Australian television program Today Tonight. The results of the test showed strong evidence that any effect that the holograms may have had was too small to be measured compared to placebo.[10][15]

On October 28, 2010, Olympic champion gymnast Dominique Dawes, working for Yahoo Weekend News and Independent Investigations Group (IIG), tested Power Balance bracelets for their claim that they improve balance, flexibility and strength. According to IIG investigator Dave Richards, "There was one 'legitimate' Power Balance bracelet, and 3 'sham' bracelets that had the hologram removed from them. The experiment was double-blinded, all bracelets were wrapped with tape so no one present knew which bracelet was real and which were fakes. Neither the participants nor the people recording the scores knew which bracelet was 'real' until after all participants had completed their runs and their scores were recorded." The results indicated that there was no benefit for those who had a real holographic bracelet compared to those who had a placebo.[16][17][18]

In 2011, researchers from RMIT's School of Health Sciences reported the results of an independent, randomized, and controlled double-blind trial. They found no difference in balance between people using a holographic wristband and those wearing a placebo.[2]

A study at the University of Wisconsin tested the effects of Power Balance bracelets on a group of NCAA athletes. One set of the athletes received the Power Balance bracelet, while the other received a placebo bracelet. The athletes were subjected to tests of flexibility, balance, and strength, after which they switched bracelets and performed the tests again. The study found that the Power Balance bracelet had no effect, compared to the placebo, on the performance of the athletes.[19] A group of students skeptical of the claims conducted a test which showed "no significant difference between the real wristband and the fake".[20] Additionally, a 2012 Skeptical Inquirer study showed that, in a double-blind test of performance on an obstacle course, sixteen volunteers showed a difference in performance no greater than chance.[21]

Criticisms

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Former U.S. president Bill Clinton wearing a Power Balance Power Band.[22]

Many experts are of the opinion that the Power Balance bracelet is nothing more than a placebo. Victor Thompson, a sports psychologist based in London, said: "I'm not aware of any research that supports the technology behind these bands." Greg Whyte, professor of applied sport and exercise science at Liverpool John Moores University, said that "for generations there have been devices that claim to mediate the body's flow of energy. In most instances, the 'proof' is based on anecdotal evidence."[23]

The Center for Inquiry noted Power Balance's use of pseudoscientific applied kinesiology tests, which it described as "problematic and full of flaws." The illustrative videos on the company's website were considered vague and unclear, and the Center noted that "most people's flexibility seems to improve from their first stretch to their second stretch regardless of whether they are wearing the bracelet."[24]

In 2010, Harriet A. Hall wrote in the Skeptical Inquirer that she would believe anyone who claimed that a Power Balance product made them feel better, or that their performance was improved, but would not be convinced that "the improvement has anything to do with bioresonating frequencies in the holograms—or even with the cards themselves. It's like the tooth fairy. Tell me money appears under your pillow, and I will believe you. But that won't convince me that the tooth fairy did it."[25]

Australian consumer advocate group Choice recognized Power Balance in their 2010 "Shonky Awards". The Shonky Awards are intended to "name and shame the shonkiest rip-offs and scams."[26] The Sydney Morning Herald concluded the Power Balance bracelets "did little else than empty purchasers' wallets."[27]

In November 2012, Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban criticized an endorsement deal between the National Basketball Association and Power Balance. When a similar product was pitched on the ABC reality series Shark Tank, which features Cuban as one of the "sharks", he dismissed the product, stating "No, I'm allergic to scams. Seriously, this is not new. It's been disproven. What you saw is the placebo effect. There's athletes that wear it. It's a joke. It's a scam. It's not real."[28]

A 2012 study by Verdan et al. examined the effects of the Power Balance band on static balance, hamstring flexibility, and arm strength in adults. The study involved 10 male and 14 female subjects. A counterbalance, double-blind, placebo, controlled-within-subject design was used. Each of the subjects participated in 3 treatment sessions, consisting of Power Balance, placebo band, and no band. This study found that there were no statistically significant differences in strength, flexibility, or balance with regard to the treatments used.[4]

[edit]

In November 2010, the Australian distributors of "Power Balance" were ordered by the Therapeutic Goods Administration Complaints Resolution Panel to drop "false and misleading" claims that the wearers would experience "up to a 500% increase in strength, power and flexibility" and ordered the claims removed from the company's website and a retraction posted within two weeks.[29] The Junta de Andalucia fined the Marbella-based subsidiary a sum of €15,000 for false advertising.[30] The consumer organization Facua [es] made an appeal to the Health Department for an increased fine, as they considered the amount to be low enough to allow the company to stay in business.[30]

In December 2010, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) took action against Power Balance Australia Pty. Ltd., stating that "claims made by Power Balance were not supported by any credible scientific evidence and therefore Power Balance has admitted that it has engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct in breach of s. 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974."[31][32] The ACCC obtained from Power Balance Australia Pty. Ltd. an undertaking to take a number of actions in relation to correcting their misleading advertising, including:

  1. publishing, at its own expense, corrective advertisements[33]
  2. ceasing to claim that the products:[34]
    1. will improve the user's balance, strength and flexibility; or
    2. are "designed to work with the body's natural energy field";
    3. nor, in conjunction with the Products, make claims that "Power Balance is Performance Technology" or use the phrase "Performance Technology"
  3. ceasing to manufacture or import products containing the words "Performance Technology"[35]
  4. blacking out the words "Performance Technology" on its packaging[36]
  5. replacing its promotional and marketing material[37]
  6. offering full refunds, plus postage[38]

Power Balance Australia's chief executive, Tom O'Dowd, admitted that "we'd made claims in the start that said that our product improved strength, balance, and flexibility and we didn't have the scientific, peer-reviewed, double blind testing or the level of proof that we needed to substantiate those claims".[39] ACCC chairman Graeme Samuel stated, "It's a crock frankly. And we're very disappointed that so many people have paid hundreds of thousands if not millions of dollars to buy these Power Bands."

Power Balance Australia was required by the ACCC to run a series of advertisements in Australian media containing the following text and to unconditionally refund those they mislead:[40][41]

In our advertising we stated that Power Balance wristbands improved your strength, balance and flexibility. We admit that there is no credible scientific evidence that supports our claims and therefore we engaged in misleading conduct in breach of s52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974. If you feel you have been misled by our promotions, we wish to unreservedly apologise and offer a full refund.[42][43]

In December 2010, Italy's Antitrust Authority fined Power Balance €300,000 (and another company €50,000) for not having scientific proof of the claims made.[44]

In September 2010, the Dutch Advertising Code Commission (RCC)[45] made the following decision in the case where FIR-TEX Ltd.,[46] the plaintiff, had put Surf Unlimited Trading BV, distributor of power-balance in the Netherlands, on trial with the following complaint:

Advertiser claims on its website that the use of the Power Balance Bracelet improves balance, strength and agility. These allegations are not backed with any single (scientific) evidence. The plaintiff believes that this method of advertising is in conflict with the Dutch Advertising Code (NRC) as the link between wearing the bracelet and the health of the wearer has not been determined in any way.

The verdict of the commission was as follows:

The Commission considers the advertisement in opposition of the provisions of Article 7[47] NRC. It recommends advertiser not to advertise in such a way anymore.

In January 2011, a suit was filed in the United States against the company for fraud, false advertising, unfair competition, and unjust enrichment.[48] Power Balance agreed in September 2011 to settle the class action lawsuit. The settlement terms entitled Power Balance purchasers to a full $30 refund plus $5 shipping. A hearing to finalize the agreement was canceled after Power Balance filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[49]

In November 2011, Power Balance filed for bankruptcy after suffering a net loss of more than $9 million that year.[50]

As of January 2022, despite the lawsuits and bankruptcy filings, Power Balance bracelets were still being sold by Power Balance Technology. While their website states the Power Balance bracelets are based on Eastern philosophies, they say, "We make no claims and let the consumer decide based on their experience" if the bracelets work.[51]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Neumyer, Scott. "The 25 Biggest Fitness Fads of All Time". Men's Journal. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  2. ^ a b Brice SR, Jarosz BS, Ames RA, Baglin J, Da Costa C (2011). "The effect of close proximity holographic wristbands on human balance and limits of stability: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial". J Bodyw Mov Ther. 15 (3): 298–303. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.01.020. PMID 21665105.
  3. ^ Porcari, John (2011). "Can the Power Balance® Bracelet Improve Balance, Flexibility, Strength, and Power?". J Sports Sci Med. 10 (1): 230–231. PMC 3737916. PMID 24137054.
  4. ^ a b Verdan, PJR (2012). "Effect of the Power Balance® Band on Static Balance, Hamstring Flexibility, and Arm Strength in Adults". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 26 (8): 2113–2118. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823a43ce. PMID 22027848. S2CID 28504125. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  5. ^ ACC (February 23, 2013). "Power Balance admits no reasonable basis for wristband claims, consumers offered refunds". Australian Competition & Consumer Commission. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  6. ^ "Sports stars paid to endorse 'magic' wristband - Video". 3 News. May 17, 2010. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
  7. ^ Power Balance bracelets: source of energy or just a gimmick?, The Daily Telegraph, 15 October 2010
  8. ^ Rovell, Darren (December 29, 2010). "CNBC's Sports Product Of The Year: Power Balance". CNBC. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  9. ^ Power Balance band is placebo, say expert, BBC News, 22 November 2010
  10. ^ a b Hall, Harriet (May 23, 2011). "Power Balance Products: A Skeptical Look". Device Watch. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  11. ^ 'Power' wristbands might be the biggest scam , The Age, June 20, 2010
  12. ^ Rohrer, Finlo (January 7, 2011). "What are Power Balance bands?". Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  13. ^ a b "BANKRUPT?". HuffPost. November 21, 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  14. ^ "Shop". www.powerbalance.com. Retrieved June 22, 2021.
  15. ^ Bryan Farha, Michael Shermer (2014). Pseudoscience and Deception: The Smoke and Mirrors of Paranormal Claims. Maryland: University Press of America, Inc. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-7618-6292-5.
  16. ^ Dawes, Dominique. "Do Power Balance wristbands work? - Yahoo! News". News.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on November 10, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  17. ^ "IIG Power Balance Experiment". Iigwest.com. October 30, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
  18. ^ Underdown, James (January–February 2012). "Power Balance Bracelets a Bust in Tests". Skeptical Inquirer. 36 (1). CSICOP: 14–16.
  19. ^ Morales, Daniel. "Power Balance bands don't live up to claims". The State Hornet. Archived from the original on December 28, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  20. ^ Students test claims of hologram wristband, Orange County register, Dec. 14, 2010
  21. ^ "Power Bracelets a Bust". Skeptical Inquirer. January 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  22. ^ "INSIDE EDITION Investigates Power Bracelets - News from". InsideEdition.com. February 24, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2013.
  23. ^ "Power of suggestion as celebs jump on the band wagon". August 24, 2010.
  24. ^ "Power Bracelets a Bust in IIG Test". Skeptical Inquirer. November 11, 2010. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
  25. ^ "Pseudoscientific Silliness Suckers Card-Carrying Surfers | Skeptical Inquirer". Skeptical Inquirer. May–June 2010. Archived from the original on January 4, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
  26. ^ "The 2010 Shonky Awards". Choice. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  27. ^ "Researchers Test Power Balance Claims". smh. October 26, 2010. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  28. ^ "Mark Cuban of Dallas Mavericks blasts NBA for 'scam' bracelet deal". ESPN. November 26, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  29. ^ Slap on the wrist for power balance, Sydney Morning Herald, November 21, 2010
  30. ^ a b EuroWeekly, Friday, 26 November 2010. "'Miracle' bracelet company fined €15k". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved January 9, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ "ACCC Undertakings register, Power Balance Australia Pty. Ltd". Accc.gov.au. December 22, 2010. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  32. ^ "Power wristbands banned and refunds ordered by ACCC". Herald Sun. December 23, 2010. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  33. ^ ACCC undertaking Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, §11.c-f, k
  34. ^ ACCC undertaking Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, §11.a
  35. ^ ACCC undertaking Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, §11.g
  36. ^ ACCC undertaking Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, §11.h, i
  37. ^ ACCC undertaking Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, §11.j, i
  38. ^ ACCC undertaking Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, §11.l
  39. ^ AM Barbara Miller (December 23, 2010). "Watchdog says power wristbands a crock". Abc.net.au. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  40. ^ Power Balance come clean and offer refunds after admitting wristbands do not enhance performance, Daily Telegraph, 4 Jan, 2011
  41. ^ "Powerbalance admits their wristbands are a scam". Gizmodo. Retrieved June 20, 2013.
  42. ^ "Corrective Advertisement – Power Balance Wristbands". Archived from the original on December 25, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
  43. ^ ACCC undertaking Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, Annexure B
  44. ^ ""Il Power Balance senza riscontri" Dall'Antitrust multa da 350 mila euro ("The Power Balance without evidence" Antitrust fine of € 350 000)". Repubblica.it. December 23, 2010. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  45. ^ ""De bestreden reclame-uiting" Het betreft de website www.power-balance.nl ("The controversial advertising" It concerns the website www.power-balance.nl)". Stichting Reclame Code. ReclameCode.nl. September 6, 2010. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  46. ^ "Website of FIR-TEX Ltd". Fir-tex.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  47. ^ "Article 7 of the Dutch Advertising Commission". Reclamecode.nl. Retrieved June 20, 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  48. ^ Malinowski, Erik (January 26, 2011). "Basketball Stars Sued Over Energy-Bracelet Endorsement | Playbook". Wired. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
  49. ^ Lillis, Ryan. "Firm that gave its name to Kings' arena files for bankruptcy protection". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on December 25, 2011. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  50. ^ Hsu, Tiffany (November 22, 2011). "Power Balance files for bankruptcy after retracting health claims". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  51. ^ "About Us". POWER BALANCE™. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
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