SS George Calvert (1942)

Note: The USAS American Mariner, originally entered service as SS George Calvert (build number 2007/MC Hull 20) and launched in 1941 should not be confused with SS George Calvert (build number 2016/MC Hull 29) which was launched in 1942.

History
United States
Name	George Calvert
Namesake	George Calvert
Owner	War Shipping Administration (WSA)
Operator	A.H. Bull & Co., Inc.
Ordered	as type (EC2-S-C1) hull, MCE hull 29
Awarded	14 March 1941
Builder	Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland
Cost	$1,172,827
Yard number	2016
Way number	3
Laid down	19 November 1941
Launched	14 March 1942
Sponsored by	Mrs. William C. Sealey
Completed	30 April 1942
Fate	Torpedoed and sunk 20 May 1942
General characteristics
Class and type	Liberty ship type EC2-S-C1, standard
Tonnage	10,865 LT DWT 7,176 GRT
Displacement	3,380 long tons (3,434 t) (light) 14,245 long tons (14,474 t) (max)
Length	441 feet 6 inches (135 m) oa 416 feet (127 m) pp 427 feet (130 m) lwl
Beam	57 feet (17 m)
Draft	27 ft 9.25 in (8.4646 m)
Installed power	2 × Oil fired 450 °F (232 °C) boilers, operating at 220 psi (1,500 kPa) 2,500 hp (1,900 kW)
Propulsion	1 × triple-expansion steam engine,  (manufactured by Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp, Harrison, New Jersey) 1 × screw propeller
Speed	11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph)
Capacity	562,608 cubic feet (15,931 m3) (grain) 499,573 cubic feet (14,146 m3) (bale)
Complement	38–62 USMM 21–40 USNAG
Armament	Varied by ship Bow-mounted 3-inch (76 mm)/50-caliber gun Stern-mounted 4-inch (102 mm)/50-caliber gun 2–8 × single 20-millimeter (0.79 in) Oerlikon anti-aircraft (AA) cannons and/or, 2–8 × 37-millimeter (1.46 in) M1 AA guns

SS George Calvert was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after George Calvert, an English politician and colonizer. Calvert took an interest in the British colonization of the Americas, becoming the proprietor of the Province of Avalon, the first sustained English settlement on the southeastern peninsula on the island of Newfoundland. He later sought a new royal charter to settle the region, which would become the state of Maryland.

Two Liberty ship with same name

USAS American Mariner, originally launched as SS George Calvert (build number 2007/MC Hull 20), should not be confused with this SS George Calvert (build number 2016/MC Hull 29) which was constructed shortly thereafter.

Hull number 20 was reportedly set aside after launch due to structural problems during assembly. As a result, hull number 29 was given her name. Hull number 29 was sunk in May 1942, and, as a result, when hull number 20 was turned over as "ready-for-issue" to the War Shipping Administration in 1943, there was no reason to change her name since hull number 29 no longer existed.

Construction

George Calvert was laid down on 19 November 1941, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MCE hull 29, by the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland; she was sponsored by Mrs. William C. Sealey, the daughter of L.R. Sanford, the chief of the inspection section at Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, and was launched on 14 March 1942.

History

She was allocated to A.H. Bull & Co., Inc., on 30 April 1942.

Sinking

George Calvert had set out from Baltimore, in May 1942, on her maiden voyage, for Bandar Shahpur, with 9,116 LT (9,262 t) of general cargo. After leaving a convoy around 11 mi (18 km) off the Dry Tortugas, she was about 50 mi (80 km) northwest of Cuba, proceeding at 11 kn (20 km/h; 13 mph) in a zigzag course. At 19:08, in the evening of 20 May 1942, George Calvert was struck by two torpedoes fired from the German submarine U-753, at 22°55′N 84°26′W. The first torpedo struck five–six ft (1.5–1.8 m) below the waterline in the #3 hold, while the second set off the magazine, blowing off the stern-mounted 4-inch (102 mm)/50 caliber gun, and killing three Armed guards, when it struck 20 ft (6.1 m) forward of the stern. The remaining crew of eight officers, 33 crewmen, and 10 Armed guards abandoned the sinking ship in three lifeboats. U-753 launched at least one more torpedo at 20:03, which struck George Calvert amidship, braking the ship in half and causing her to sink immediately. The survivors were later questioned by U-753 about the ships name, tonnage, and cargo. They landed at Dimas, Cuba, on 21 May 1942.

See also

• USAS American Mariner

Further reading

• Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-58839-8.
• Chronological List of Ships Sunk or Damaged during January to June 1942 Archived 2007-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
• Jay G. Lopez, Radio Operator, Four Star Seaman (torpedoed 4 times) Archived 2007-08-08 at the Wayback Machine

Bibliography

• "Bethlehem-Fairfield, Baltimore MD". www.ShipbuildingHistory.com. 14 August 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
• Maritime Administration. "Richard Bland". Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
• Davies, James (May 2004). "Specifications (As-Built)" (PDF). p. 23. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
• "SS George Calvert". Retrieved 20 February 2020.
• "George Calvert". Retrieved 20 February 2020.