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Sayem ministry

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Sayem ministry

Interim government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
8 November 1975-12 June 1978
Chief Justice Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem
Date formed6 November 1975
Date dissolved29 June 1978
People and organisations
PresidentAbu Sadat Mohammad Sayem
Ziaur Rahman (acting)
President's historyASM Sayem
Former Chief Justice of Bangladesh
(1972-75)
Ziaur Rahman
Chief of Staff of Bangladesh Army
(since 1975)
Chief Martial Law Administrator
(since 1976)
Vice-PresidentAbdus Sattar
No. of ministers21
Total no. of members31
Member partiesMilitary
Independent
Awami League
Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal
Status in legislatureDissolved
History
Election-
Outgoing election1978 (presidential)
PredecessorMostaq
SuccessorZia

The Sayem ministry led what eventually became the first interim government in independent Bangladesh and an unofficial model for future interim regimes. It was formed on 6 November 1975,[1] following the 3 November coup d'état led by Brigadier General Khaled Mosharraf,[2] with the deposition of President Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad and his supporting military officers who were behind the assassination of the nation's first president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family.[3] The country's first chief justice, Sayem was installed as the president.[4][5]

However, following the death of Mosharraf along with several military generals the next day during a counter coup in the aftermath of a civilian-soldier popular uprising,[5][6] Sayem was left with the responsibility of CMLA (Chief Martial Law Administrator).[4] With the 1st legislative term of the Jatiya Sangsad dissolved,[7] the cabinet was composed of a military junta with the recently promoted chief of army staff war hero Ziaur Rahman,[2][8] who was forced to resign and put under house arrest by Mosharraf but released and reinstated following the counter coup,[8][9] chief of naval staff and chief of air staff as the CMLA's deputies.[8][10]

On 26 November 1975, at Bangabhaban the president administered oath to a newly formed council of advisers defacto headed by the junta. He promised a general election in February 1977 in a presidential speech addressed to the nation but in November 1976, with the country in a dire situation with no stability and security, indefinitely postponed it and relinquished his CMLA duty with Zia nominated to succeed.[7][10] 5 months later on 21 April 1977,[4][7] when Sayem retired on health grounds,[11] with the office of the vice-president blank Zia took over as acting president. Forty days later he organised a nationwide presidential confidence referendum to legitimise his presidency.[7][8] In June, the President's special assistant Abdus Sattar was promoted to the office of vice-president and on 9 December, the council of advisers was reorganized with three dismissals and seven new appointments.[7]

After coming to power, Zia immediately moved to restore law and order in the country by strengthening the police force, practically doubling its size and arranging for their proper training, as well as order in the armed forces and withdrew the ban on the newspapers inaugurating the free flow of news by making the information media free and without government interference.[8][10] An ordinance allowing political parties to engage in open politics was promulgated putting an end to the one-party BaKSAL system imposed by Mujibur Rahman months prior to his assassination.[8][10] Zia organised his own party in February 1978 called the Jatiyotabadi Gonotantrik Dol ("Nationalist Democratic Party"), or JaGoDol for short, and in the presidential election – the first direct election – that year, his candidacy was supported by his and five other parties of the nationalist "Jatiyatabadi Front".[12] He achieved a landslide victory against his wartime superior, retired commander-in-chief MAG Osmani,[8] whose candidacy was supported by the then-dominant Awami League and five other parties of the socialist "Ganatantrik Oikkya Jote ("Alliance of Democratic Unity")".[12]

The cabinet was dissolved on 29 June 1978 once Zia formed his provisional Council of Ministers before the pending general election scheduled to be held next year.

Background

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Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.[edit]
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his wife Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib, in 1955
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father and first president of Bangladesh, was assassinated along with most of his family members during the early hours of 15 August 1975 by a group of Bangladesh Army personnel who invaded his Dhanmondi 32 residence as part of a coup d'état.[13][14][15] The Minister of Commerce, Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, immediately took control of the government and proclaimed himself head of the interim government from 15 August to 6 November 1975.[15] The assassination marked the first direct military intervention in Bangladesh's civilian administration-centric politics.[16] Lawrence Lifschultz characterized this incident as an outcome of the Cold War between the United States-influenced Pakistan and the Soviet Union-influenced India.[17] 15 August is annually observed as National Mourning Day, a commemorative day in Bangladesh.[18]

3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from 3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état.[edit]

The 3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état was a coup d'état led by Brigadier General Khaled Mosharraf against Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad's regime in order to depose from power the military establishment behind the regime responsible for the assassination of Bangladesh's first president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.[19]

On 3 November 1975, four of Mujibur Rahman's associates and cabinet members Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmad, Muhammad Mansur Ali and Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman, who were imprisoned for refusing to cooperate with Mostaq, were killed in jail by military officers under Mostaq's instructions.[20] Khaled Mosharraf ordered the arrests of K.M. Obaidur Rahman, Nurul Islam Manzur, Shah Moazzam Hossain, and Taheruddin Thakur, all of whom were Awami League politicians who had aligned themselves with Mostaq Ahmad.[21]

List of advisers

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The following lists the president(s) and the special assistant(s) to the president:[1]

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office
President's Office
President, CMLA (until 1976) and also in-charge of꞉Adviser for Defence6 November 197521 April 1977
President, CMLA and also in-charge of꞉Adviser for꞉
Maj. Gen. Ziaur Rahman
21 April 197712 June 1978
Special Assistant to the President (until 1977)
Vice-president (since 1977) and also in-charge of Parliamentary Secretariat
Adviser for Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs		27 November 197529 June 1978
Women's Affairs Assistant to the President (until 1977)
Women's Affairs Adviser to the President (since 1977)		13 April 197629 June 1978

The following lists the advisers of the interim government:[1][22]

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office
Advisers to the Interim Government
Deputy CMLA (until 1976)
CMLA (since 1976) and also in-charge of Establishment Division
Adviser for꞉
Maj. Gen. Ziaur Rahman
8 November 197521 April 1977
Adviser for Commmunications8 November 19759 December 1977
Adviser for Power, Water Resources and Flood Control8 November 19759 December 1977
9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Education26 November 197522 June 1977
22 June 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Jute26 November 19755 August 1977
5 August 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Land Administration and Land Reform26 November 19759 December 1977
9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Public Works and Urban Development26 November 197529 June 1978
Adviser for Planning26 November 197529 June 1978
Adviser for Health and Population Control4 December 19758 December 1977
9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Relief and Rehabilitation4 December 197529 June 1978
Adviser for Industries23 January 197610 July 1977
10 July 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Manpower Development, Labour and Social Welfare18 June 19768 December 1977
9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Agriculture and Forest18 June 197629 June 1978
Adviser for Petroleum (and Mineral Resources since 1977)6 September 197612 July 1977
12 July 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Food6 September 197614 July 1977
14 July 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Civil Aviation and Tourism9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Information and Broadcasting18 September 197612 October 1977
12 October 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Commerce27 December 197629 June 1978
Adviser for Foreign Affairs25 March 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Textiles28 June 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Railways, Roads, Bridges and Road Transport9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Ports, Shipping and Inland Water Transport9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Fisheries and Animal Husbandry9 December 197729 June 1978
Deputy Adviser for Home Affairs9 December 197729 June 1978
Deputy Adviser for Agriculture and Forest9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Posts, Telegraph and Telephone30 December 197729 June 1978
Deputy Adviser for Health and Population Control13 April 197829 June 1978

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Deputy CMLA

References

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  1. ^ a b c "১৯৭১ সাল থেকে ০৭-০১-২০১৯ গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি, উপ-রাষ্ট্রপতি, প্রধানমন্ত্রী ও মন্ত্রিপরিষদের সদস্যবৃন্দ এবং নির্দলীয় তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকারের প্রধান উপদেষ্টা ও উপদেষ্টা পরিষদের সদস্যবৃন্দের দপ্তর বন্টনসহ নামের তালিকা।" (PDF). মন্ত্রিপরিষদ বিভাগ. Ministry Department, Government of Bangladesh. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  2. ^ a b "When Caesar died . . . and with him all the tribunes". The Daily Star. 19 November 2009. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  3. ^ Borders, William (6 November 1975). "President of Bangladesh Resigns, Nearly 3 Months After Coup, in Confrontation With Military Officers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2020 – via NYTimes.com.
  4. ^ a b c Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Sayem, Justice Abusadat Mohammad". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Jail killing: An attempt to cripple Bangladesh". The Daily Star. 3 November 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  6. ^ "Khaled Mosharraf Killing: An Eyewitness Account". Daily Sun. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
  7. ^ a b c d e Preston, Ian (2005) [First published 2001]. A Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia. Europa Publications. p. 17. ISBN 9781857431148.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g "Ziaur Rahman: From sector commander to president". 30 May 2009.
  9. ^ "In MOURNING, In RAGE". The Daily Star. 15 August 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Rahman, Shahid Ziaur". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  11. ^ "April 22, 1977, Forty Years Ago". The Indian Express. 2017-04-22. Retrieved 2018-07-21.
  12. ^ a b M. A. Singammal (1979) "1978 presidential election in Bangla Desh", The Indian Journal of Political Science, volume 40, number 1, pp97–110
  13. ^ "Bangladesh Coup: A Day of Killings". The New York Times. 23 August 1975.
  14. ^ "Mu jib Reported Overthrown and Killed in a Coup by the Bangladesh Military". The New York Times. 15 August 1975.
  15. ^ a b বাশার, রিয়াজুল; আতিক, ফয়সল (14 August 2017). ১৫ অগাস্ট: কী ছিল সেদিনের পত্রিকায়. bdnews24.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  16. ^ কল্লোল, কাদির (15 August 2015). প্রথম অভ্যুত্থান যেভাবে পাল্টে দেয় বাংলাদেশের গতিপথ. BBC Bangla (in Bengali). Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  17. ^ Lifschultz, Lawrence; Hussain, Munir (December 2014). অসমাপ্ত বিপ্লব - তাহেরের শেষকথা (in Bengali). Dhaka: Nawroz kitabistan. pp. 49–53. ISBN 978-984-400-061-2. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  18. ^ আজ জাতীয় শোক দিবস. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 15 August 2017.
  19. ^ "Shame darker than the night". The Daily Star. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  20. ^ "Jail killing: An attempt to cripple Bangladesh". The Daily Star. 3 November 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  21. ^ "The many questions around 3 November 1975 | The Opinion Pages". The Opinion Pages. 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  22. ^ Rahman, Syedur (2010-04-27). Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh. Scarecrow Press. pp. 310–8. ISBN 978-0-8108-7453-4.
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