Stephen Bonsal
Stephen Bonsal | |
|---|---|
 Sketch of Stephen Bonsal 1898 | |
| Born | March 29, 1865 Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Died | June 8, 1951 (aged 86) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | journalist, war correspondent, diplomat, translator |
| Years active | 1885–1951 |
Stephen Bonsal (March 29, 1865 – June 8, 1951) was an American journalist, war correspondent, author, diplomat, and translator, who won the 1945 Pulitzer Prize for History.
Early life and education
[edit]Bonsal was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1865. He was educated at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He continued his studies in Heidelberg, Bonn, and Vienna. He married Henrietta Fairfax Morris in March 1900.[1] Bonsal traveled extensively. He claimed that he had visited all the countries of Europe, South America, and Asia with the exception of Persia.[2]
Journalist
[edit]Bonsal was later a special correspondent of the New York Herald (1885–1907), reporting the development of military conflicts including:[1]
- Serbo-Bulgarian War, 1885
- Macedonian uprising, 1890
- First Sino-Japanese War, 1895
- Cuban insurrection, 1897
- Spanish–American War, 1898
- Chinese relief expedition, 1900
- Samar, Batangas, Mindanao, 1901
- Venezuela, Matas rebellion, blockage, 1903
- Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905
He was a foreign correspondent for the New York Times in 1910–1911.
Diplomat
[edit]In 1891-1896, Bonsal served as secretary and chargé-d'affaire of the US diplomatic missions in Beijing, Seoul and Tokyo. He also served for a short time at the U.S. embassy in Madrid.[1]
World War I
[edit]During World War I, Bonsal served in the American Expeditionary Forces with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Afterwards, he was President Woodrow Wilson's private translator during the 1919 Peace Conference in Paris.[3]
Later life
[edit]Unfinished Business (1944), a diary describing his experiences during the Paris Peace Treaty negotiations and all the Allied infighting and waxing lyrical about the plight of the wounded veterans and their families, won him the 1945 Pulitzer Prize for History.[4]
"No one else has presented the plight of the plain people of Europe, in relation to the strained secrecy of the Conference, and few have written of their agony as does Colonel Bonsal in terms so hardheaded and so poignant," Time magazine reported on his death.
His second son, Philip Bonsal, was a career diplomat. Another son, Dudley Bonsal, was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
Selected works
[edit]
- Morocco as It Is (1894, W. H. Allen, London)[5]
- The Real Condition of Cuba Today (1897, Harper, New York, NY)[6]
- The Fight for Santiago (1899, Doubleday & McClure, New York, NY)[7]
- The Golden Horseshoe (1906, Macmillan, New York, NY)[8]
- The American Mediterranean (1912, Moffat and Yard, New York, NY)[9]
- Edward Fitzgerald Beale: A Pioneer in the Path of Empire, 1823–1903 (1912, Putnam, New York, NY)[10]
- Heyday in a Vanished World (1937, Norton, New York, NY) (autobiography)[11]
- Unfinished Business (1944, Doubleday, New York, NY) (1945 Pulitzer Prize for History)[12]
- When the French Were Here (1945, Doubleday, New York, NY)
- Suitors and Supplicants (1946, Prentice-Hall, New York, NY)
- The Cause of Liberty (1947, M. Joseph, London)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Leonard, John William et al. (1906). "Bonsal, Stephen" in Who's Who in America, Volume 4, page 177 at Google Books
- ^ Hugh Gibson, introduction to Unfinished Business by Stephen Bonsal (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran, 1944), x.
- ^ "Books: Lost Time," Time (US). February 28, 1944; retrieved May 12, 2011.
- ^ Brennan, Elizabeth. (1999). Who's who of Pulitzer Prize winners, p. 293, at Google Books
- ^ Bonsal, Stephen (1893). "Morocco as it is". google.com.
- ^ Bonsal, Stephen (1897). "The real condition of Cuba to day". google.com.
- ^ Bonsal, Stephen (1899). The Fight for Santiago. Doubleday & McClure Company. ISBN 978-0-7222-7885-7.
- ^ Bonsal, Stephen (1900). "The Golden Horseshoe". google.com.
- ^ Bonsal, Stephen (1912). American Mediterranean. Moffat, Yard. ISBN 978-0-7222-9499-4.
- ^ "James Bryce on South America" (PDF). New York Times. May 5, 1923. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
- ^ "HEYDAY IN A VANISHED WORLD". Internet Archive. W.W.NORTON amp CO. 1937.
- ^ Bonsal, Stephen (2001). Unfinished Business. Simon Publications. ISBN 978-1-931313-46-9.
Pulitzer Prize for History (1926–1950) | ||
|---|---|---|
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- 1865 births
- 1951 deaths
- Morris family of Morrisania and New Jersey
- American diplomats
- American newspaper reporters and correspondents
- American political writers
- Writers from Baltimore
- United States Army personnel of World War I
- Pulitzer Prize for History winners
- War correspondents of the Russo-Japanese War
- War correspondents of the Balkan Wars
- American war correspondents
- 20th-century American translators
- American male essayists
- 20th-century American essayists
- 20th-century American male writers
- Historians from Maryland