Trigeminal nerve stimulation
Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) or external Trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is a non-invasive, non-medication therapy for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder approved in the United States by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD in children ages 7–12.[1][2][3] It is also used off-label to treat ADHD in adults.[4]
External trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is similar to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a treatment for chronic pain.[5] A small device supplies electricity to electrodes that are placed on the skin. The device is able to modulate the intensity and frequency of electrical impulses delivered to the nerve endings in the skin.
There is ongoing investigation and research into the use of trigeminal nerve stimulation to treat other psychiatric disorders, such as depression and PTSD.[6][7]
References
[edit]- ^ Commissioner, Office of the (2020-03-24). "FDA permits marketing of first medical device for treatment of ADHD". US Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
- ^ McGough, J. J.; Sturm, A.; Cowen, J.; Tung, K.; Salgari, G. C.; Leuchter, A. F.; Cook, I. A.; Sugar, C. A.; Loo, S. K. (2019). "Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Pilot Study of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 58 (4): 403–411.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.11.013. PMC 6481187. PMID 30768393.
- ^ Greenbaum, Zara (2019-08-01). "A new device for treating ADHD in children". American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
- ^ "Monarch eTNS". Fermata Health. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
- ^ Nnoaham, Kelechi E.; Kumbang, Jharna (2008-07-16). Nnoaham, Kelechi E. (ed.). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD003222. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003222.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 18646088.
- ^ Cook, I. A.; Abrams, M.; Leuchter, A. F. (2016). "Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder". Neuromodulation. 19 (3): 299–305. doi:10.1111/ner.12399. PMID 26818103. S2CID 457569.
- ^ Powell, Keren; Lin, Kanheng; Tambo, Willians; Saavedra, Andrea Palomo; Sciubba, Daniel; Al Abed, Yousef; Li, Chunyan (2023-12-13). "Trigeminal nerve stimulation: a current state-of-the-art review". Bioelectronic Medicine. 9 (1): 30. doi:10.1186/s42234-023-00128-z. ISSN 2332-8886. PMC 10717521. PMID 38087375.
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