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Uspenski Cathedral

Coordinates: 60°10′06″N 024°57′36″E / 60.16833°N 24.96000°E / 60.16833; 24.96000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Lutheran cathedral in Helsinki, see Helsinki Cathedral.
Uspenski Cathedral
Finnish: Uspenskin katedraali
Swedish: Uspenskijkatedralen[1]
Map
60°10′06″N 024°57′36″E / 60.16833°N 24.96000°E / 60.16833; 24.96000
LocationHelsinki
CountryFinland
DenominationEastern Orthodox
Websitehos.fi/uspenskin-katedraali (in Finnish)
History
DedicationDormition of Virgin Mary
Consecrated1868 (1868)
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architect(s)Aleksey Gornostayev
Architectural typeCathedral
StyleRussian Revival architecture
Administration
DioceseHelsinki

Uspenski Cathedral (Finnish: Uspenskin katedraali, Swedish: Uspenskijkatedralen)[2] is a Greek Orthodox or Eastern Orthodox[3] cathedral in Helsinki, Finland, and main cathedral of the Orthodox Church of Finland, dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos (the Virgin Mary). Its name comes from the Old Church Slavonic word uspenie, which denotes the Dormition. It is the largest Greek Orthodox church in both Northern and Western Europe.[4]

Description

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After Helsinki was made into the capital of Finland in 1812, Alexander I decreed in 1814 that 15 percent of the salt import tax were to be collected into a fund for two churches, one Lutheran and one Orthodox.[5] Helsinki's Orthodox Church, considered to have formed in 1827 with the construction of the Holy Trinity Church, Helsinki,[6][7] was in need of a larger church than before for a growing Orthodox parish. The construction of Uspenski Cathedral was largely funded by parishioners and private donors.[8] The cathedral designed by the Russian architect Aleksey Gornostayev (1808–1862). The cathedral was built after his death in 1862–1868 and the work was led by architect Ivan Varnek. It was inaugurated on 25 October 1868.[8] Used in construction of the cathedral, 700 000 bricks were brought over in barges from the Bomarsund Fortress that had been demolished in the Crimean War.[5] The iconostasis is painted by Pavel S. Shiltsov.[8] Based on the wishes of Alexander II, the church was dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God (uspenie).[8]

  • Winter Day at Helsinki Market Square, sketch by Albert Edelfelt in 1889
    Winter Day at Helsinki Market Square, sketch by Albert Edelfelt in 1889
  • The cathedral in 1890–1900
    The cathedral in 1890–1900
  • The cathedral and the harbor in 1890–1900
    The cathedral and the harbor in 1890–1900
  • Nicholas II leaving after visiting for a service on 10 March 1915
    Nicholas II leaving after visiting for a service on 10 March 1915
  • The cathedral and its surroundings in April 2020
    The cathedral and its surroundings in April 2020

The crypt chapel of the cathedral is named after the holy Alexander Hotovitzky, who served as vicar of the Orthodox parish of Helsinki 1914–1917, died a martyr death in the Great Purge and was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1994.[9]

The cathedral is set upon a hillside on the Katajanokka peninsula overlooking the city. On the back of the cathedral, there is a plaque commemorating Russian Emperor Alexander II, who was the sovereign of the Grand Duchy of Finland during the cathedral's construction. Main cathedral of the Finnish Orthodox Church in the diocese of Helsinki, Uspenski Cathedral is claimed to be the largest orthodox church in Western Europe.[10]

Annually, about half a million tourists visit the church.[11][5] Admission to the cathedral is free of charge. In winter, the cathedral is closed on Mondays.[12]

Icon theft

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The iconostasis

The cathedral has several valuable icons. The icon of St. Nicolas – The Wonder Worker was stolen on 16 August 2007 between midday and 1 p.m. in broad daylight while hundreds of tourists were visiting the cathedral. The icon is from the 19th century and is of a rare variant. Originally it was given to the Orthodox Cathedral of Vyborg, from where it was moved to Helsinki during the Second World War. No further details of its origin are known.[13] The icon, 45 by 35 centimetres (18 in × 14 in) in size, had been placed in a kiota (a glass covered protection frame) and weighed a couple of kilograms. It was on display on a lectern. The search for the icon continues in Finland as well as abroad.[14]

Another icon, Theotokos of Kozeltshan was stolen in June 2010, but it was later recovered in February 2011 from a hiding spot in the ground. Two robbers had broken into the church twice through a window and on the second time in August they had been caught. Although they didn't admit to having committed the first robbery, DNA testing through a blood stain left during the first robbery confirmed it. Nevertheless, the robbers still kept on denying having done it. But in February the next year, one of the jailed robbers had a change of heart and admitted to it all and revealed the location of the icon.[15][16][17][18] It had spent 8 months in the ground but luckily had remained nearly immaculate.[5]

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Exterior details of the cathedral
  • East side of the cathedral
    East side of the cathedral
  • From air
    From air
  • Porch on the west side
    Porch on the west side
  • Outer detail
    Outer detail
  • Plaque commemorating Alexander II
    Plaque commemorating Alexander II
  • Bell tower
    Bell tower
  • Main dome detail
    Main dome detail
Interior
  • Interior in 2019
    Interior in 2019
  • Iconostasis in June 2007
    Iconostasis in June 2007
  • Theotokos of Kozeltshan on the right with jewelry donated by parishioners around it in 2017
    Theotokos of Kozeltshan on the right with jewelry donated by parishioners around it in 2017
  • Interior details
    Interior details
  • View into the dome
    View into the dome
  • Dome detail
    Dome detail
  • Ceiling detail
    Ceiling detail
  • Plaque from the era of Alexander III
    Plaque from the era of Alexander III

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Orthodox Parish of Helsinki, retrieved 15 April 2024
  2. ^ "Orthodox Parish of Helsinki". Helsingin ortodoksinen seurakunta. Retrieved 2024-04-15.
  3. ^ "Eastern Orthodoxy | Definition, Origin, History, & Facts | Britannica".
  4. ^ Royal Berglee, PhD (2016-06-17). "2.3 Regions of Western Europe". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ a b c d Ikonen, Outi (15 August 2018). "Uspenskin katedraalia alettiin rakentaa suolantuontiveroilla – nyt 150 vuotta täyttävä katedraali on suosittu turistikohde". Kirkko ja kaupunki. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  6. ^ "Tietoa seurakunnasta". Helsingin Ortodoksinen Seurakunta. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  7. ^ Lehtola, Jorma (14 August 2018). "Uspenskin katedraali on hallinnut Helsingin horisonttia tasan 150 vuotta. Kultaa ja koreutta uhkuva kirkko on seissyt koko tuon ajan idän ja lännen rajalla". Apu. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d "Katedraalin historia". Helsingin Ortodoksinen Seurakunta. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  9. ^ "Pyhän Aleksander Hotovitskin kryptakappeli". Helsingin Ortodoksinen Seurakunta. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  10. ^ "Orthodoxy in Finland, Past and present" (ed. by V. Purmonen) (1984) p.74.
  11. ^ Helsingin Sanomat, July 9, 2007.
  12. ^ Uspenski Cathedral tourist information by the City of Helsinki.
  13. ^ Precious icon stolen from Helsinki’s Uspenski Cathedral in broad daylight Archived 2009-06-28 at the Wayback Machine. Helsingin Sanomat August 17, 2007.
  14. ^ Kainuun Sanomat, August 17, 2007, p. A7.
  15. ^ Aalto, Marja (3 April 2015). "Ihmeitä tekevä ikoni löytyi lumeen hautautuneena – varas vei poliisin paikalle". Seura. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  16. ^ "Thief tells police where stolen icon was hidden". Helsingin Sanomat. 2011-02-09. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  17. ^ Sanidopoulous, John (11 August 2011). "Theotokos of Kzeltshan Icon Restored and Returned To Uspenski Cathedral". Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  18. ^ "Kozelštšanin ihmeitätekevä Jumalansynnyttäjän ikoni". Helsingin Ortodoksinen Seurakunta. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
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