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Visa requirements for Mongolian citizens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Mongolian passport

Visa requirements for Mongolian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Mongolia.

As of 2024, Mongolian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 64 countries and territories, ranking the Mongolian passport 76th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

[edit]
Visa requirements for Mongolian citizens
  Mongolia
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

[edit]
Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania eVisa[3][4]
 Algeria Visa required[5]
 Andorra Visa required[6]
 Angola Visa required[7]
 Antigua and Barbuda eVisa[8][9]
 Argentina Visa not required[10] 90 days
 Armenia eVisa[11] 120 days
 Australia and territories Visa required[12][13]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
 Austria Visa required[14]
 Azerbaijan eVisa[15][16] 30 days
 Bahamas eVisa[17]
 Bahrain Visa on arrival[18] 14 days
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[19] 30 days
 Barbados Visa not required[20] 90 days
 Belarus Visa not required[21] 90 days
 Belgium Visa required[22]
 Belize Visa required[23]
  • Multiple entry US visa holders do not require a visa.
 Benin eVisa[24][25] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan eVisa[26][27]
 Bolivia Online Visa / Visa on arrival[28] 30 days[29]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[30]
 Botswana eVisa[31][32] 3 months
 Brazil Visa not required[33] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Brunei Visa required[34]
 Bulgaria Visa required[35]
 Burkina Faso eVisa[36][37]
 Burundi Visa on arrival[38] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[40][41] 30 days
 Cameroon eVisa[42][43]
 Canada Visa required[44]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[45]
 Central African Republic Visa required[46]
 Chad Visa required[47]
 Chile Visa not required[48] 90 days
 China Visa not required[49] 30 days
 Colombia Online Visa[52][53]
 Comoros Visa on arrival[54] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[55]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[56][57] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa required[58]
  • Holders of US, Canada, Japan, or select European visas do not require a visa for up to 30 days.
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[59][60] 3 months
 Croatia Visa required[61]
 Cuba Visa not required[62] 30 days
 Cyprus Visa required[63]
 Czech Republic Visa required[64]
 Denmark Visa required[65]
 Djibouti eVisa[66][67] 90 days
 Dominica Visa not required[68] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa required[69]
 Ecuador Visa not required[70] 90 days
 Egypt Visa on arrival[71] 30 days
 El Salvador Visa required[72]
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[73][74]
 Eritrea Visa required[75]
 Estonia Visa required[76]
 Eswatini Visa required[77]
 Ethiopia eVisa[78][79] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa required[80]
 Finland Visa required[81]
 France Visa required[82]
 Gabon eVisa[83][84] 90 days
 Gambia Visa required[85]
 Georgia eVisa[86][87] 90 days
 Germany Visa required[88]
 Ghana Visa required[89]
 Greece Visa required[90]
 Grenada Visa required[91]
 Guatemala Visa required[92]
 Guinea eVisa[93][94] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[95] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[96]
 Haiti Visa not required[97] 90 days
 Honduras Visa required[98]
 Hungary Visa required[99]
 Iceland Visa required[100]
 India eVisa[101] 30 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][102]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[103]
 Indonesia eVisa / Visa on arrival[104] 30 days[105]
 Iran eVisa[106][107] 30 days
  • Passengers who have already made an application, at least two days before arrival, at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affair's e-Visa website and present the submission notification at the airport's visa desk may obtain a visa on arrival.[108]
 Iraq eVisa[109][110]
 Ireland Visa required[111]
 Israel Visa not required[112] 90 days
 Italy Visa required[113]
 Jamaica Visa required[114]
 Japan eVisa[115]
  • e-Visa application: All foreign nationals / people residing in Mongolia except those exempted from short-term visa, must apply for a visa at the Japan Visa Application Center.[116]
 Jordan Visa required[117]
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[118] 90 days
 Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[119][120] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
 Kiribati Visa required[121]
 North Korea Visa required[122]
 South Korea Visa required[123]
  • Visa free transit (up to 30 days) provided holding a valid U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand visa, and arriving from or departing to those countries.
  • Visa-free access for 30 days to Jeju Island.
  • Group tourists from Mongolia can travel visa-free through Yangyang International Airport until May 2024.
  • Group tourists can only travel to the Gangwon-do region and the metropolitan area of South Korea, and the maximum stay is 15 days.
 Kuwait Visa required[124]
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[125] 90 days
 Laos Visa not required[126] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[127]
 Lebanon Visa required[128]
 Lesotho eVisa[129][130]
 Liberia Visa required[131]
 Libya eVisa[132][133]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[134]
 Lithuania Visa required[135]
 Luxembourg Visa required[136]
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[137] 60 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[138][139] 90 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[140] 30 days
 Maldives Visa not required[141] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[142]
 Malta Visa required[143]
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[144] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[145]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[146] 2 weeks
 Mexico Visa required[147]
  • Holders of US visa do not require a visa for up to 180 days.
 Micronesia Visa not required[148] 30 days
 Moldova eVisa[149][150]
 Monaco Visa required[151]
 Montenegro Visa required[152]
 Morocco Visa required[153]
 Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[154][155] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa[156][157] 28 days
 Namibia Visa required[158]
 Nauru Visa required[159]
   Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[160] 90 days[161]
 Netherlands Visa required[162]
 New Zealand and territories Visa required[163]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[164]
 Nicaragua Visa required[165]
  • Holders of US, Canada, or Schengen visa may obtain a 90-day visa on arrival.
 Niger Visa required[166]
 Nigeria eVisa[167][168] 90 days
 North Macedonia Visa required[169]
 Norway Visa required[170]
 Oman Visa required[171]
 Pakistan Online Visa[172][173] 3 months
  • Online Visa eligible.[174]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[175] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[176] 90 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[177][178] 60 days
  • Visitors may apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category.
 Paraguay Visa not required[179] 90 days
 Peru Visa not required[180] 90 days
 Philippines Visa not required[181] 21 days
 Poland Visa required[182]
 Portugal Visa required[183]
 Qatar eVisa[184][185]
  • Travelers can apply for a visa on the Hayya website.
 Romania Visa required[186]
 Russia Visa not required[187] 30 days
  • For a maximum total stay of 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[188][189] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis eVisa[190][191]
 Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[192] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[193] 3 month
 Samoa Visa not required[194] 90 days
 San Marino Visa required[195]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[196][197]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[198]
 Senegal Visa required[199]
 Serbia Visa not required[200] 90 days
 Seychelles Electronic Border System[201][202] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
 Sierra Leone eVisa[203][204] 3 months
 Singapore Visa not required[205] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa required[206]
 Slovenia Visa required[207]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[208]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[209] 30 days
 South Africa Visa required[210]
 South Sudan eVisa[211][212]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
 Spain Visa required[213]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[214][215] 60 days / 30 days
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[216]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
 Sudan Visa required[217]
 Suriname Visa not required[218][219] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[220]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[221]
 Sweden Visa required[222]
  Switzerland Visa required[223]
 Syria Visa required[224]
 Tajikistan Visa not required[225] 30 days
  • Visa also available online.[226]
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[227][228] 90 days
 Thailand Visa not required[229] 30 days
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[230] 30 days
 Togo eVisa[231][232] 15 days
 Tonga Visa required[233]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[234]
 Tunisia Visa required[235]
 Turkey Visa not required[236] 30 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[237]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[238] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[239][240] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa not required (conditional)[241] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  • Visa not required for service, tourist and private trips on conditions that documents certifying the purpose of the trip are provided.
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[242] 30 days
 United Kingdom Visa required[243]
 United States and territories Visa required[244]
 Uruguay Visa not required[245] 30 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[246] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa required[247]
 Vatican City Visa required[248]
 Venezuela Visa required[249]
 Vietnam Visa not required[250][251] 30 days
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
 Yemen Visa required[252]
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[253][254] 90 days
 Zimbabwe eVisa[255][256] 3 months

Territories and disputed areas

[edit]

Visa requirements for Mongolian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas and restricted zones:

Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
 Kosovo Visa required
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa, a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[257]

Non-visa restrictions

[edit]
This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Blank passport pages

[edit]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[258] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

[edit]
Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[259] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[260]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[261][262]

Passport validity length

[edit]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[263][264] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[265]

Some countries, such as Japan,[266] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[267] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[268] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[269] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[270] Philippines,[271] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[272]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[273] and South Africa.

Criminal record

[edit]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[274] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

[edit]

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[275]

Israeli stamps

[edit]
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[276] Lebanon,[277] Libya,[278] Syria,[279] and Yemen[280] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

[edit]
See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[281]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[282][283] Argentina,[284] Brunei, Cambodia,[285] China,[286] Ethiopia,[287] Ghana, Guinea,[288] India, Japan,[289][290] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[291] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[292] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[293] Singapore, South Korea,[294] Taiwan, Thailand,[295] Uganda,[296] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[297][298][299] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[300]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[301] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[302][303] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[304] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[305][306]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
  2. ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  3. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. ^ "Albania eVisa".
  5. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  6. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  7. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  8. ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  9. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda eVisa".
  10. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  11. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  12. ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  13. ^ "Australia Subclass 600".
  14. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  15. ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
  16. ^ "Azerbaijan eVisa".
  17. ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  18. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  19. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  20. ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  21. ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
  22. ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
  23. ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
  24. ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  25. ^ "Benin eVisa".
  26. ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  27. ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
  28. ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
  29. ^ "Bolivia Online Visa".
  30. ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  31. ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  32. ^ "Botswana eVisa".
  33. ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
  34. ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  35. ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
  36. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  37. ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
  38. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  39. ^ @chrisnibas (6 December 2021). "Nationals of all countries requiring visa for #Burundi 🇧🇮, can now just request it upon arrival at Bujumbura Inter…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  41. ^ "Cambodia eVisa".
  42. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  43. ^ "Cameroon eVisa".
  44. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  45. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  49. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  50. ^ Visit visa / entry permit requirements for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Immigration Department of Hong Kong, April 2017. Electronic Services for Visa Application, Immigration Department of Hong Kong.
  51. ^ Immigration Clearance of Non-residents of Macao, Macao SAR Government Portal.
  52. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  53. ^ "Colombia Online Visa".
  54. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  55. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  56. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  57. ^ "DR Congo eVisa".
  58. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  59. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  60. ^ "CI eVisa".
  61. ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
  62. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  63. ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
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  65. ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
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  67. ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
  68. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  71. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  72. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  73. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  74. ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
  75. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  76. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  77. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  78. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  79. ^ "Ethiopia eVisa".
  80. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  81. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  82. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  83. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  84. ^ "Gabon eVisa".
  85. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  86. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  87. ^ "Georgia eVisa".
  88. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  89. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  90. ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  91. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  92. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  93. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  94. ^ "Guinea eVisa".
  95. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  96. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  97. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  98. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  99. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  100. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  101. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  102. ^ e-Visa
  103. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
  104. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  105. ^ "Indonesia e-VOA".
  106. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  107. ^ "Iran eVisa".
  108. ^ "Visa on Arrival". evisa.mfa.ir.
  109. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  110. ^ "Iraq eVisa".
  111. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  112. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  113. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  114. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  115. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  116. ^ "Online visa application". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  119. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^ "Kenya eTA".
  121. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  122. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  123. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  124. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  125. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  126. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  127. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  128. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  129. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  130. ^ "Lesotho eVisa".
  131. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  132. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  133. ^ "Libya eVisa".
  134. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  135. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  136. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  137. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  138. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  139. ^ "Malawi eVisa".
  140. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  141. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  142. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  143. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
  144. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  145. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  147. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  148. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  149. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  150. ^ "Moldova eVisa".
  151. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  152. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  153. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  155. ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
  156. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  157. ^ "Myanmar eVisa".
  158. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  159. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  160. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  161. ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
  162. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  163. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  164. ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 21 May 2020. Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
  165. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  166. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  167. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  168. ^ "Nigeria Immigration Services".
  169. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  170. ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  171. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  172. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  173. ^ "Pakistan Online Visa".
  174. ^ "Tourist Visa".
  175. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  177. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  178. ^ "PNG eVisa".
  179. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  180. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  181. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  182. ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  183. ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  184. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  185. ^ "Qatar Hayya".
  186. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
  187. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  188. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  189. ^ "Rwanda E-Services".
  190. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  191. ^ "ST.KittsNevis eVisa".
  192. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  193. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  194. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  195. ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
  196. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  197. ^ "ST eVisa".
  198. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  199. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  200. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  201. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  202. ^ "Seychelles Electronic Border System".
  203. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^ "Sierra Leone eVisa".
  205. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  206. ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
  207. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  208. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  209. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  210. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  211. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  212. ^ "South Sudan eVisa".
  213. ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
  214. ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  215. ^ "SL eVisa".
  216. ^ "Information".
  217. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  218. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  219. ^ "Suriname eVisa".
  220. ^ "Entry-fee".
  221. ^ "Suriname eVisa | VFS Global | Official partner of the Government of Suriname".
  222. ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
  223. ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
  224. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  225. ^ "The list of countries eligible for the unilateral visa-free entry system has been expanded, and the visa application process for citizens of certain countries to the Republic of Tajikistan has been simplified".
  226. ^ Tajikistan e-Visa
  227. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  228. ^ "Tanzania eVisa".
  229. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  230. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  231. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  232. ^ "Togo eVisa".
  233. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  234. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  235. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  236. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  237. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  238. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  239. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  240. ^ "Uganda eVisa".
  241. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  242. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  243. ^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
  244. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  245. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  246. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  247. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  248. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  249. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  250. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  251. ^ "Vietnam eVisa".
  252. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  253. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  254. ^ "Zambia eVisa".
  255. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  256. ^ "Zimbabwe eVisa".
  257. ^ "Visas For Foreign Citizens - For Kosovo Citizens - Consular Services - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo. Archived from the original on 10 March 2013.
  258. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  259. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
  260. ^ "Fièvre jaune" (in French). 2 September 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  261. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  262. ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
  263. ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  264. ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
  265. ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  266. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
  267. ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
  268. ^ Bahrain government website
  269. ^ "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
  270. ^ "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  271. ^ "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  272. ^ Timatic
  273. ^ "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  274. ^ Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
  275. ^ "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 18 March 2005. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  276. ^ "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  277. ^ Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  278. ^ "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  279. ^ Travel Advice for Syria - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-19 at the Wayback Machine and Syrian Ministry of Tourism
  280. ^ "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  281. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  282. ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
  283. ^ Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.
  284. ^ "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  285. ^ "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  286. ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
  287. ^ "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
  288. ^ "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
  289. ^ "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  290. ^ "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 26 October 2007.
  291. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
  292. ^ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  293. ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  294. ^ "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  295. ^ "National News Bureau of Thailand".
  296. ^ AfricaNews (14 January 2019). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  297. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  298. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  299. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  300. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  301. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  302. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  303. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
  304. ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
  305. ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  306. ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.

Notes

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