and-

See also: and, And, AND, ånd, -and, -ând, and Appendix:Variations of "and"

English

Alternative forms

• a-, an-, on-, un-

Etymology

From Middle English and-, ond-, from Old English and-, ond- (“against, back”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *and-, *anda-, *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth”).

Cognate with Dutch ont-, German ant-, ent-, emp-, Icelandic and-, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-), Latin ante (“before”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”). Doublet of anti- and ante-.

Prefix

and-

1. (no longer productive) A prefix of Old English origin meaning "against", "back", "in return", "away", represented in Modern English by a-, an-, on-, and in altered form by the reverse-action prefix un- (e.g. unbuckle). Also as the initial letter d in dread (< Old English ondrǣdan).

   along

   answer

   onfang

References

• “and-”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• -dan, ADN, DAN, DNA, Dan, Dan., NAD, NDA, dan, dna, nad

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Gothic

Romanization

and-

1. Romanization of 𐌰𐌽𐌳-

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse and-.

Prefix

and-

1. anti-, against, opposing

Derived terms

Icelandic terms prefixed with and-

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse and-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“face, front”).

Prefix

and-

1. against, opposite

Derived terms

Norwegian Nynorsk terms prefixed with and-

References

• “and-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• and, dan, Dan, -nad

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Old English

Alternative forms

• ond-, an-, on-

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *andi-, representive of a combining form of and (“and”). Cognate with Middle Dutch ont- (Dutch ont-), Old High German ant- (German ant-, ent-), Old Norse and- (Icelandic and- (“against, anti-, opposed to, in the face of”), Swedish an-), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑnd/

Prefix

and-

1. against, opposing

   andsaca ― opponent, adversary

2. in return, back

   andswaru ― answer, reply

3. facing, toward

   andweard ― present time

4. completely, fully

   andlang ― entire, continuous

   andweorc ― substance, matter, cause

   andleofen ― nourishment, sustenance

5. without

Usage notes

This prefix was usually stressed; when unstressed, it weakened to an-, on-, or sometimes a-.

Derived terms

Old English terms prefixed with and-

Synonyms

• ⁊ (symbol)

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Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“face, forehead, front”).

Prefix

and-

1. denotes whatever is opposite, against, towards

   ‎and- + ‎vitni (“testimony”) → ‎andvitni (“contradictory testimony”)

2. (by extension) hostile, adverse

Usage notes

The spellings an- or ann- are often used in compounds.

Derived terms

Old Norse terms prefixed with and-

Descendants

• Icelandic: and-
• Norwegian Nynorsk: and-
• Norwegian Bokmål: and-

References

• and- in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

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Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *andi-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑnd/

Prefix

and-

1. against, opposing; opposition

   andsako (“enemy, adversary”)

2. in return, back

   andswor "answer"

3. facing, toward; completely, fully

   andward "present time"

4. without